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Zinnecker T, Reichl U, Genzel Y. Innovations in cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing - from static cultures to high cell density cultivations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2373521. [PMID: 39007904 PMCID: PMC11253887 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2373521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a serious global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality each year. Vaccination is crucial to mitigate its impact, but requires rapid and efficient manufacturing strategies to handle timing and supply. Traditionally relying on egg-based production, the field has witnessed a paradigm shift toward cell culture-based methods offering enhanced flexibility, scalability, and process safety. This review provides a concise overview of available cell substrates and technological advancements. We summarize crucial steps toward process intensification - from roller bottle production to dynamic cultures on carriers and from suspension cultures in batch mode to high cell density perfusion using various cell retention devices. Moreover, we compare single-use and conventional systems and address challenges including defective interfering particles. Taken together, we describe the current state-of-the-art in cell culture-based influenza virus production to sustainably meet vaccine demands, guarantee a timely supply, and keep up with the challenges of seasonal epidemics and global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilia Zinnecker
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Ren W, Zheng D, Liu G, Wu G, Peng Y, Wu J, Jin K, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Li G, Han W, Cui XS, Chen G, Li B, Niu YJ. The Effect of Inhibiting the Wingless/Integrated (WNT) Signaling Pathway on the Early Embryonic Disc Cell Culture in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1382. [PMID: 38731386 PMCID: PMC11083256 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of chicken embryonic-derived pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines is crucial in various fields, including growth and development, vaccine and protein production, and germplasm resource protection. However, the research foundation for chicken PSCs is relatively weak, and there are still challenges in establishing a stable and efficient PSC culture system. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of the FGF2/ERK and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as different feeder layers, on the derivation and maintenance of chicken embryonic-derived PSCs. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of STO cells as feeder layers, along with the addition of FGF2, IWR-1, and XAV-939 (FIX), allows for the efficient derivation of chicken PSC-like cells. Under the FIX culture conditions, chicken PSCs express key pluripotency genes, such as POUV, SOX2, and NANOG, as well as specific proteins SSEA-1, C-KIT, and SOX2, indicating their pluripotent nature. Additionally, the embryoid body experiment confirms that these PSC-like cells can differentiate into cells of three germ layers in vitro, highlighting their potential for multilineage differentiation. Furthermore, this study reveals that chicken Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage X blastodermal cells express genes related to the primed state of PSCs, and the FIX culture system established in this research maintains the expression of these genes in vitro. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding and optimization of chicken PSC culture conditions and provide a foundation for further exploration of the biomedical research and biotechnological applications of chicken PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ren
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guangzheng Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yixiu Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Wei Han
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying-Jie Niu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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Demirden SF, Kimiz-Gebologlu I, Oncel SS. Animal Cell Lines as Expression Platforms in Viral Vaccine Production: A Post Covid-19 Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16904-16926. [PMID: 38645343 PMCID: PMC11025085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines are considered the most effective tools for preventing diseases. In this sense, with the Covid-19 pandemic, the effects of which continue all over the world, humanity has once again remembered the importance of the vaccine. Also, with the various epidemic outbreaks that occurred previously, the development processes of effective vaccines against these viral pathogens have accelerated. By these efforts, many different new vaccine platforms have been approved for commercial use and have been introduced to the commercial landscape. In addition, innovations have been made in the production processes carried out with conventionally produced vaccine types to create a rapid response to prevent potential epidemics or pandemics. In this situation, various cell lines are being positioned at the center of the production processes of these new generation viral vaccines as expression platforms. Therefore, since the main goal is to produce a fast, safe, and effective vaccine to prevent the disease, in addition to existing expression systems, different cell lines that have not been used in vaccine production until now have been included in commercial production for the first time. In this review, first current viral vaccine types in clinical use today are described. Then, the reason for using cell lines, which are the expression platforms used in the production of these viral vaccines, and the general production processes of cell culture-based viral vaccines are mentioned. Also, selection parameters for animal cell lines as expression platforms in vaccine production are explained by considering bioprocess efficiency and current regulations. Finally, all different cell lines used in cell culture-based viral vaccine production and their properties are summarized, with an emphasis on the current and future status of cell cultures in industrial viral vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suphi S. Oncel
- Ege University, Bioengineering Department, Izmir, 35100, Turkiye
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4
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Guette-Marquet S, Saunier V, Pilloux L, Roques C, Bergel A. Electrochemical assay of mammalian cell viability. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108625. [PMID: 38086275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the first use of amperometric detection to assess the viability of mammalian cells in continuous mode, directly in the cell culture medium. Vero or HeLa cells were injected into electrochemical sensors equipped with a 3-electrode system and containing DCIP 50 µM used as the redox mediator. DCIP was reduced by the viable cells and the reduced form was detected amperometrically at 300 mV vs silver pseudo-reference. The continuous regeneration of the oxidized form of the mediator ensured a stable redox state of the cell environment, allowing the cells to survive during the measurement time. The electrochemical response was related to cell metabolism (no response with dead cells or lysed cells) and depended on both mediator concentration and cell density. The protocol was applied to both cells in suspension and adhered cells. It was also adapted to detect trans-plasma membrane electron transfer (tPMET) by replacing DCIP by ferricyanide 500 µM and using linear scan voltammetry (2 mV/s). The pioneering results described here pave the way to the development of routine electrochemical assays for cell viability and for designing a cell-based analytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guette-Marquet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Valentin Saunier
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires I2MC, Equipe 1, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Pilloux
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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5
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Ebrahimian A, Schalk M, Dürkop M, Maurer M, Bliem R, Kühnel H. Seed Train Optimization in Microcarrier-Based Cell Culture Post In Situ Cell Detachment through Scale-Down Hybrid Modeling. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:268. [PMID: 38534542 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcarrier-based cell culture is a commonly used method to facilitate the growth of anchorage-dependent cells like MA 104 for antigen manufacturing. However, conventionally, static cell culture is employed for cell propagation before seeding the production bioreactor with microcarriers (MCs). This study demonstrates the effective replacement of the conventional method by serial subculturing on MCs with in situ cell detachment under optimal conditions in closed culture units. This study proves that MA 104 can be subcultured at least five times on Cytodex 1 MC without the need for separating cells and MC after cell harvest. Process parameters impacting cell growth were studied post in situ cell detachment in a scaled-down model. Optimization, using augmented Design of Experiments (DoE) combined with hybrid modeling, facilitated rapid screening of the design space for critical process parameters (CPPs). Optimized conditions included an inoculation density of >16 cells/bead, 3.5-4.5 g/L of Cytodex 1, and a controlled agitation speed, starting at Njs (minimum agitation speed) for the first day with a maximum increase of 25% thereafter. With these design spaces for CPPs, a cell density of 2.6 ± 0.5 × 106 cells/mL was achieved after five days. This refined bioprocess methodology offers a reliable and efficient approach for seed training in stirred tank reactors, which is particularly beneficial for viral vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ebrahimian
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Schalk
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Maurer
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bliem
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kühnel
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Shi J, Shen A, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yang X. 30-Year Development of Inactivated Virus Vaccine in China. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 38140062 PMCID: PMC10748258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made from inactivated pathogens, typically achieved by using chemical or physical methods to destroy the virus's ability to replicate. This type of vaccine can induce the immune system to produce an immune response against specific pathogens, thus protecting the body from infection. In China, the manufacturing of inactivated vaccines has a long history and holds significant importance among all the vaccines available in the country. This type of vaccine is widely used in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. China is dedicated to conducting research on new inactivated vaccines, actively promoting the large-scale production of inactivated vaccines, and continuously improving production technology and quality management. These efforts enable China to meet the domestic demand for inactivated vaccines and gain a certain competitive advantage in the international market. In the future, China will continue to devote itself to the research and production of inactivated vaccines, further enhancing the population's health levels and contributing to social development. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the 30-year evolution of inactivated virus vaccines in China, serving as a reference for the development and production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ailin Shen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Yang D, Huang L, Wang J, Wu H, Liu Z, Abudureyimu A, Qiao Z. Tumorigenesis mechanism and application strategy of the MDCK cell line: A systematic review. Biologicals 2023; 83:101699. [PMID: 37573790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus that seriously endangers people's health. Influenza vaccination is the most effective means to prevent influenza virus infection and its serious complications. MDCK cells are considered to be superior to chicken embryos for the production of influenza vaccines, but the tumorigenicity of cells is a concern over the theoretical possibility of the risk of adverse events. The theoretical risks need to be adequately addressed if public confidence in programs of immunization are to be maintained. In this paper, studies of the tumorigenic potential of cell lines, with MDCK cells as an example, published since 2010 are reviewed. The mechanism of tumorigenicity of MDCK cells is discussed with reference to cell heterogeneity and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Understanding the mechanism of the acquisition of a tumorigenic phenotype by MDCK cells might assist in estimating potential risks associated with using tumorigenic cell substrates for vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, 730030, Lanzhou, China; Department of Experiment & Teaching, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Lingwei Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Huihao Wu
- Department of Experiment & Teaching, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zhenbin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ayimuguli Abudureyimu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
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8
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Lauro ML, Bowman AM, Smith JP, Gaye SN, Acevedo-Skrip J, DePhillips PA, Loughney JW. Overcoming Biopharmaceutical Interferents for Quantitation of Host Cell DNA Using an Automated, High-Throughput Methodology. AAPS J 2022; 25:10. [PMID: 36482268 PMCID: PMC9735023 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of biologics and vaccines in response to the current pandemic has highlighted the need for robust platform assays to characterize diverse biopharmaceuticals. A critical aspect of biopharmaceutical development is achieving a highly pure product, especially with respect to residual host cell material. Specifically, two important host cell impurities of focus within biopharmaceuticals are residual DNA and protein. In this work, a novel high-throughput host cell DNA quantitation assay was developed for rapid screening of complex vaccine drug substance samples. The developed assay utilizes the commercially available, fluorescent-sensitive Picogreen dye within a 96-well plate configuration to allow for a cost effective and rapid analysis. The assay was applied to in-process biopharmaceutical samples with known interferences to the dye, including RNA and protein. An enzymatic digestion pre-treatment was found to overcome these interferences and thus allow this method to be applied to wide-ranging, diverse analyses. In addition, the use of deoxycholate in the digestion treatment allowed for disruption of interactions in a given sample matrix in order to more accurately and selectively quantitate DNA. Critical analytical figures of merit for assay performance, such as precision and spike recovery, were evaluated and successfully demonstrated. This new analytical method can thus be successfully applied to both upstream and downstream process analysis for biologics and vaccines using an innovative and automated high-throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L. Lauro
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Amy M. Bowman
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Joseph P. Smith
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Susannah N. Gaye
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Jillian Acevedo-Skrip
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Pete A. DePhillips
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - John W. Loughney
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
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9
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Guette-Marquet S, Roques C, Bergel A. Direct electrochemical detection of trans-plasma membrane electron transfer: A possible alternative pathway for cell respiration. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Darge HF, Lin YH, Hsieh-Chih T, Lin SY, Yang MC. Thermo/redox-responsive dissolvable gelatin-based microsphere for efficient cell harvesting during 3D cell culturing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213008. [PMID: 35882154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of microspheres for culturing adherent cells has been proven as an important method, allowing for obtaining adequate number of cells in limited space and volume of medium for the intended cell-based medical applications. However, the use of proteolytic enzymes for cell harvesting from the microsphere resulted in cell damage and loss of functionality. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel redox/thermo-responsive dissolvable gelatin-based microsphere for successful cell proliferation and harvesting adequate high-quality cells using non-enzymatic cell detachment methods. Initially, a redox-induced dissolvable gelatin-based microsphere was successfully prepared using disulfide bonds as crosslinking agent, firmly stabilizing gelatin networks and forming a stable microsphere at physiological temperature. The optimized concentration of the crosslinking agent was 1.2 mM, which kept the microsphere stable for >120 h. The microsphere was then coated with PNIPAm-ALA copolymer via physical or chemical means, resulting in a positively charged thermosensitive surface. The positive charge derived from ALA in PNIPAm-ALA copolymer enhanced cell attachment, while the thermosensitive property of the copolymer enabled for temperature induced cell harvesting. When the temperature dropped below the LCST value of PNIPAm-ALA5 (33.4°C), the copolymer swelled and became more hydrophilic, allowing cells to be readily separated. The addition of reducing agents such as GSH, DTT and L-cysteine resulted in further cleavage of the disulfide bond in the microsphere and dissolution of the microsphere for complete cell detachment. Interestingly, cell attachment and proliferation were enhanced on microspheres coated with PNIPAm-ALA5 using diselenide as a crosslinking agent, and complete cell detachment was occurred within 15 min after adding 25 mM DTT followed by lowering the temperature (4°C). Therefore, the microsphere fabricated in this study was worthwhile for non-enzymatic cell detachment and has the potential to be used for cell expansion and harvesting adequate live cells of high quality and functionality for tissue engineering or cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile F Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai Hsieh-Chih
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shuian-Yin Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chien Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Jayson A, Goldvaser M, Dor E, Monash A, Levin L, Cherry L, Lupu E, Natan N, Girshengorn M, Epstein E, Rosen O. Application of Ambr15 system for simulation of entire SARS-CoV-2 vaccine production process involving macrocarriers. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3277. [PMID: 35633106 PMCID: PMC9348148 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Ambr15 system is an automated, high‐throughput bioreactor platform which comprises 24 individually controlled, single‐use stirred‐tank reactors. This system plays a critical role in process development by reducing reagent requirements and facilitating high‐throughput screening of process parameters. However, until now, the system was used to simulate processes involving cells in suspension or growing on microcarriers and has never been tested for simulating cells growing on macrocarriers. Moreover, to our knowledge, a complete production process including cell growth and virus production has never been simulated. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the amenability of the automated Ambr15 cell culture reactor system to simulate the entire SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine production process using macrocarriers. To simulate the production process, accessories were first developed to enable insertion of tens of Fibra‐Cel macrocarries into the reactors. Vero cell adsorption to Fibra‐Cels was then monitored and its adsorption curve was studied. After incorporating of all optimized factors, Vero cells were adsorbed to and grown on Fibra‐Cels for several days. During the process, culture medium was exchanged, and the quantity and viability of the cells were followed, resulting in a typical growth curve. After successfully growing cells for 6 days, they were infected with the rVSV‐ΔG‐Spike vaccine virus. The present results indicate that the Ambr15 system is not only suitable for simulating a process using macrocarriers, but also to simulate an entire vaccine production process, from cell adsorption, cell growth, infection and vaccine virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Jayson
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michael Goldvaser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Levin
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Niva Natan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Meni Girshengorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
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12
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Guette-Marquet S, Basseguy R, Roques C, Bergel A. The electrochemical potential is a key parameter for cell adhesion and proliferation on carbon surface. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:108045. [PMID: 35016068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Nernst potential of the support/cell interface is suspected to play a key role in cell adhesion and proliferation. However, the studies that have addressed this topic have generally varied the electrochemical potential of the interface by comparing different materials or by varying the chemical composition of the surface coating. It is consequently hard to definitively separate the actual effect of the potential from possible side-effects due to differences in the surface composition or topography. Here, a 3-electrode set-up was used to apply different values of potential to identical carbon electrodes. Potentials were applied in the range -200 to 400 mV vs. silver pseudo-reference (SPR), i.e. 90 to 690 mV/SHE, to screen-printed carbon electrodes used to grow Vero or Raw 264.7 cell lines. Values up to 200 mV/SPR prohibited cell adhesion and even caused detachment of cells that were previously adhered. The value of 400 mV/DRP allowed cell adhesion and proliferation, leading to confluent and sometimes very compact mats. The zero charge potential, measured around 200 mV/DRP, showed that the drastic effect of the applied potential was probably due to the negative/positive switch of the surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guette-Marquet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 35 chemin des maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Régine Basseguy
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 4 allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 35 chemin des maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 4 allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse, France.
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13
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Rosen O, Jayson A, Goldvaser M, Dor E, Monash A, Levin L, Cherry L, Lupu E, Natan N, Girshengorn M, Epstein E. Optimization of VSV-ΔG-spike production process with the Ambr15 system for a SARS-COV-2 vaccine. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1839-1848. [PMID: 35319097 PMCID: PMC9082513 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To face the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus, our institute has developed the rVSV‐ΔG‐spike vaccine, in which the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was replaced by the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. Many process parameters can influence production yield. To maximize virus vaccine yield, each parameter should be tested independently and in combination with others. Here, we report the optimization of the production of the VSV‐ΔG‐spike vaccine in Vero cells using the Ambr15 system. This system facilitates high‐throughput screening of process parameters, as it contains 24 individually controlled, single‐use stirred‐tank minireactors. During optimization, critical parameters were tested. Those parameters included: cell densities; the multiplicity of infection; virus production temperature; medium addition and medium exchange; and supplementation of glucose in the virus production step. Virus production temperature, medium addition, and medium exchange were all found to significantly influence the yield. The optimized parameters were tested in the BioBLU 5p bioreactors production process and those that were found to contribute to the vaccine yield were integrated into the final process. The findings of this study demonstrate that an Ambr15 system is an effective tool for bioprocess optimization of vaccine production using macrocarriers and that the combination of production temperature, rate of medium addition, and medium exchange significantly improved virus yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Jayson
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michael Goldvaser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Levin
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Niva Natan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Meni Girshengorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
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14
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Sharma S, Dallmeier K. Use of Optical In Vivo Imaging to Monitor and Optimize Delivery of Novel Plasmid-Launched Live-Attenuated Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2412:283-294. [PMID: 34918251 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid-launched live-attenuated vaccines (PLLAV) are a modality of next-generation vaccines with the promise to combine the benefits of both (1) the potency of live vaccines and (2) the ease of production, quality control, and thermal stability of classical DNA vaccines. Using the live yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine as paradigm, we establish a bioluminescence-based in vivo imaging approach that allows to rapidly monitor and optimize the dose and route of delivery of such PLLAV in a mouse model of YF17D immunization. Vaccine virus replication thus launched in the skin of vaccinated mice can be quantified by the light emitted, benchmarked to signals originating from a YF17D reporter virus and finally correlated to the induction of humoral immune responses to the yellow fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Rosen O, Jayson A, Natan N, Epstein E. A Simple Method for in situ Quantification of Cells on Carriers. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4254. [PMID: 35005097 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of cell carriers was developed as a response to the need for high cell density to enable higher production levels in cell-based production processes. To follow the production process, quantifying the number of cells on these carriers is required, as well as tracking their viability and proliferation. However, owing to various carriers' unique structures, tracking the cells is challenging using current traditional assays that were originally developed for monolayers of adherent cells. The current "gold standard" method is counting cell nuclei, which is tedious and counts both live and dead cells. A few other techniques have been developed, but they are all specific to a carrier type and involve specialized equipment. Here, we describe a broad ranging method for counting cells on carriers. The method is based on the Alamar blue dye, a well-known, common marker for cell activity. No separation of the cells from the carriers is needed, nor is any specialized equipment. The method is simple and rapid, and provides comprehensive details necessary for control of production processes in cells. This method can be easily implemented in any cell-based process and other unique platforms for measuring growth of cells. Graphic abstract: Schematic of the in situ quantification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Avital Jayson
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Niva Natan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
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16
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Chupin C, Pizzorno A, Traversier A, Brun P, Ogonczyk-Makowska D, Padey B, Milesi C, Dulière V, Laurent E, Julien T, Galloux M, Lina B, Eléouët JF, Moreau K, Hamelin ME, Terrier O, Boivin G, Dubois J, Rosa-Calatrava M. Avian Cell Line DuckCelt ®-T17 Is an Efficient Production System for Live-Attenuated Human Metapneumovirus Vaccine Candidate Metavac ®. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101190. [PMID: 34696298 PMCID: PMC8540687 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) for the prevention of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection is often hampered by the lack of highly efficient and scalable cell-based production systems that support eventual global vaccine production. Avian cell lines cultivated in suspension compete with traditional cell platforms used for viral vaccine manufacture. We investigated whether the DuckCelt®-T17 avian cell line (Vaxxel), previously described as an efficient production system for several influenza strains, could also be used to produce a new HMPV LAV candidate (Metavac®, SH gene-deleted A1/C-85473 HMPV). To that end, we characterized the operational parameters of MOI, cell density, and trypsin addition to achieve the optimal production of Metavac®, and demonstrated that the DuckCelt®-T17 cell line is permissive and well-adapted to the production of the wild-type A1/C-85473 HMPV and the Metavac® vaccine candidate. Moreover, our results confirmed that the LAV candidate produced in DuckCelt®-T17 cells conserves its advantageous replication properties in LLC-MK2 and 3D-reconstituted human airway epithelium models, and its capacity to induce efficient neutralizing antibodies in a BALB/c mouse model. Our results suggest that the DuckCelt®-T17 avian cell line is a very promising platform for the scalable in-suspension serum-free production of the HMPV-based LAV candidate Metavac®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chupin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- Vaxxel, 43 Boulevard du Onze Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Aurélien Traversier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Brun
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Daniela Ogonczyk-Makowska
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Blandine Padey
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Cédrine Milesi
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Dulière
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Laurent
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Julien
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Galloux
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (M.G.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Bruno Lina
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Jean-François Eléouët
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (M.G.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Karen Moreau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team STAPHPATH, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Marie-Eve Hamelin
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Olivier Terrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Guy Boivin
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Julia Dubois
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- Vaxxel, 43 Boulevard du Onze Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (M.R.-C.)
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17
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Rosen O, Jayson A, Natan N, Monash A, Girshengorn M, Goldvaser M, Levin L, Epstein E. Novel method for quantifying cells on carriers and its demonstration during SARS-2 vaccine development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3811-3820. [PMID: 34110003 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The most effective way to prevent and control infectious disease outbreak is through vaccines. The increasing use of vaccines has elevated the need to establish new manufacturing strategies. One of the major approaches is cell-based production, which creates a need for high cell density to enable higher cell production levels. This has led to development of the technology of cell carriers, including micro and macro cell carriers. To follow the production process, quantifying the number of cells on these carriers is required, as well as the tracking of their viability and proliferation. However, owing to various carriers' unique structures, tracking the cell's is challenging using current traditional assays that were originally developed for monolayers of adherent cells. The current "gold standard" method is counting cell nuclei, separating cells from the carrier, staining with crystal violet, and visually counting under a microscope. This method is tedious and counts both live and dead cells. A few other techniques were developed but were specific to the carrier type and involved specialized equipment. In this study, we describe a broadly ranging method for counting cells on carriers that was developed and employed as part of the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine. The method is based on the Alamar blue dye, a well-known, common marker for cell activity, and was found to be successful in tracking cell adsorption, cell growth, and viability on carriers. No separation of the cells from the carriers is needed, nor is any specialized equipment; the method is simple and rapid and provides comprehensive details necessary for process control of viral vaccine production in cells. This method can be easily implemented in any of a number of cell-based processes and other unique platforms for measuring the growth of encapsulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Jayson
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Niva Natan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Meni Girshengorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michael Goldvaser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Levin
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
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18
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Guette-Marquet S, Roques C, Bergel A. Catalysis of the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by animal and human cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251273. [PMID: 33951096 PMCID: PMC8099096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cells from the Vero lineage and MRC5 human cells were checked for their capacity to catalyse the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Vero cells needed 72 hours’ incubation to induce ORR catalysis. The cyclic voltammetry curves were clearly modified by the presence of the cells with a shift of ORR of 50 mV towards positive potentials and the appearance of a limiting current (59 μA.cm-2). The MRC5 cells induced considerable ORR catalysis after only 4 h of incubation with a potential shift of 110 mV but with large experimental deviation. A longer incubation time, of 24 h, made the results more reproducible with a potential shift of 90 mV. The presence of carbon nanotubes on the electrode surface or pre-treatment with foetal bovine serum or poly-D-lysine did not change the results. These data are the first demonstrations of the capability of animal and human cells to catalyse electrochemical ORR. The discussion of the possible mechanisms suggests that these pioneering observations could pave the way for electrochemical biosensors able to characterize the protective system of cells against oxidative stress and its sensitivity to external agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guette-Marquet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Fac. Sci. Pharmaceutique, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Fac. Sci. Pharmaceutique, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31432, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kiesslich S, Kamen AA. Vero cell upstream bioprocess development for the production of viral vectors and vaccines. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107608. [PMID: 32768520 PMCID: PMC7405825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Vero cell line is considered the most used continuous cell line for the production of viral vectors and vaccines. Historically, it is the first cell line that was approved by the WHO for the production of human vaccines. Comprehensive experimental data on the production of many viruses using the Vero cell line can be found in the literature. However, the vast majority of these processes is relying on the microcarrier technology. While this system is established for the large-scale manufacturing of viral vaccine, it is still quite complex and labor intensive. Moreover, scale-up remains difficult and is limited by the surface area given by the carriers. To overcome these and other drawbacks and to establish more efficient manufacturing processes, it is a priority to further develop the Vero cell platform by applying novel bioprocess technologies. Especially in times like the current COVID-19 pandemic, advanced and scalable platform technologies could provide more efficient and cost-effective solutions to meet the global vaccine demand. Herein, we review the prevailing literature on Vero cell bioprocess development for the production of viral vectors and vaccines with the aim to assess the recent advances in bioprocess development. We critically underline the need for further research activities and describe bottlenecks to improve the Vero cell platform by taking advantage of recent developments in the cell culture engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kiesslich
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Amine A Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.
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20
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Junter GA, Lebrun L. Polysaccharide-based chromatographic adsorbents for virus purification and viral clearance. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:291-312. [PMID: 32292625 PMCID: PMC7104128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses still pose a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. In the fight against viral infections, high-purity viral stocks are needed for manufacture of safer vaccines. It is also a priority to ensure the viral safety of biopharmaceuticals such as blood products. Chromatography techniques are widely implemented at both academic and industrial levels in the purification of viral particles, whole viruses and virus-like particles to remove viral contaminants from biopharmaceutical products. This paper focuses on polysaccharide adsorbents, particulate resins and membrane adsorbers, used in virus purification/removal chromatography processes. Different chromatographic modes are surveyed, with particular attention to ion exchange and affinity/pseudo-affinity adsorbents among which commercially available agarose-based resins (Sepharose®) and cellulose-based membrane adsorbers (Sartobind®) occupy a dominant position. Mainly built on the development of new ligands coupled to conventional agarose/cellulose matrices, the development perspectives of polysaccharide-based chromatography media in this antiviral area are stressed in the conclusive part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy-Alain Junter
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Lebrun
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000, Rouen, France
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21
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Saito K, Fukasawa M, Shirasago Y, Suzuki R, Osada N, Yamaji T, Wakita T, Konishi E, Hanada K. Comparative characterization of flavivirus production in two cell lines: Human hepatoma-derived Huh7.5.1-8 and African green monkey kidney-derived Vero. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232274. [PMID: 32330205 PMCID: PMC7182267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flaviviridae is a family of enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. It contains many viruses that threaten human health, such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) of the genus Flavivirus as well as hepatitis C virus of the genus Hepacivirus. Cell culture systems highly permissive for the Flaviviridae viruses are very useful for their isolation, propagation, and diagnosis, an understanding of their biology, and the development of vaccines and antiviral agents. Previously, we isolated a human hepatoma HuH-7-derived cell clone, Huh7.5.1-8, which is highly permissive to hepatitis C virus infection. Here, we have characterized flavivirus infection in the Huh7.5.1-8 cell line by comparing with that in the African green monkey kidney-derived Vero cell line, which is permissive for a wide spectrum of viruses. Upon infection with JEV, Huh7.5.1-8 cells produced a higher amount of virus particles early in infection and were more susceptible to virus-induced cell death than Vero cells. Similar outcomes were obtained when the cells were infected with another flavivirus, YFV (17D-204 strain). Quantification of cellular and extracellular viral RNA revealed that high JEV production in Huh7.5.1-8 cells can be attributed to rapid viral replication kinetics and efficient virus release early in infection. In a plaque assay, Huh7.5.1-8 cells developed JEV plaques more rapidly than Vero cells. Although this was not the case with YFV plaques, Huh7.5.1-8 cells developed higher numbers of YFV plaques than Vero cells. Sequence analysis of cDNA encoding an antiviral RNA helicase, RIG-I, showed that Huh7.5.1-8 cells expressed not only a full-length RIG-I mRNA with a known dominant-negative missense mutation but also variants without the mutation. However, the latter mRNAs lacked exon 5/6-12, indicating functional loss of RIG-I in the cells. These characteristics of the Huh7.5.1-8 cell line are helpful for flavivirus detection, titration, and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasago
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Osada
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Station for Big Data and Cybersecurity, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Konishi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Dai X, Zhang X, Ostrikov K, Abrahamyan L. Host receptors: the key to establishing cells with broad viral tropism for vaccine production. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:147-168. [PMID: 32202955 PMCID: PMC7113910 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1735992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture-based vaccine technology is a flexible and convenient approach for vaccine production that requires adaptation of the vaccine strains to the new cells. Driven by the motivation to develop a broadly permissive cell line for infection with a wide range of viruses, we identified a set of the most relevant host receptors involved in viral attachment and entry. This identification was done through a review of different viral entry pathways and host cell lines, and in the context of the Baltimore classification of viruses. In addition, we indicated the potential technical problems and proposed some solutions regarding how to modify the host cell genome in order to meet industrial requirements for mass production of antiviral vaccines. Our work contributes to a finer understanding of the importance of breaking the host–virus recognition specificities for the possibility of creating a cell line feasible for the production of vaccines against a broad spectrum of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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23
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Tapia F, Laske T, Wasik MA, Rammhold M, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Production of Defective Interfering Particles of Influenza A Virus in Parallel Continuous Cultures at Two Residence Times-Insights From qPCR Measurements and Viral Dynamics Modeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:275. [PMID: 31681751 PMCID: PMC6813217 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are a natural byproduct of influenza A virus (IAV) replication. DIPs interfere with the propagation and spread of infectious standard virus (STV), reduce virus yields by competing for viral and cellular resources, and induce antiviral responses. These properties open exciting possibilities for the development of DIP-based antivirals. Exploring options for cell culture-based DIP production, we have established a fully continuous cultivation process, where one bioreactor is used to grow cells that are fed to two bioreactors operated in parallel for virus production. This system allows head-to-head comparisons of STV and DIP replication dynamics over extended time periods. Cultivations were performed at two residence times (RT, 22 and 36 h) using MDCK suspension cells grown in a fully defined medium. For infection, we used a virus seed generated by reverse genetics containing STVs and a known DIP carrying a deletion in segment 1 (delS1(1)). Four days post infection, DIPs achieved maximum concentrations of 7.0·109 virions/mL and 8.4·109 virions/mL for RTs of 22 and 36 h, respectively. Furthermore, oscillations in virus titers with two to three maxima were found for DIP accumulation at 36 and 22 h RT, respectively. To complement the study, a basic mathematical model using simple kinetics and a reasonable number of parameters to describe DIP-propagation in continuous cultures was established. Upon fitting the model individually to each of the two data sets, oscillations in the viral dynamics and the cell population dynamics were described well. Modeling suggests that both STV inactivation and virus degradation have to be taken into account to achieve good agreement of simulations and experimental data for longer RTs. Together, the high DIP titers obtained, and the successful simulation of the experimental data showed that the combination of continuous bioreactors and mathematical models can enable studies regarding DIP dynamics over extended time periods and allow large scale manufacturing of DIP-based antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Tapia
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Laske
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Milena A Wasik
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rammhold
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.,Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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24
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The duck EB66® cell substrate reveals a novel retrotransposon. Biologicals 2019; 61:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Rourou S, Ben Zakkour M, Kallel H. Adaptation of Vero cells to suspension growth for rabies virus production in different serum free media. Vaccine 2019; 37:6987-6995. [PMID: 31201054 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vero cells are nowadays widely used in the production of human vaccines. They are considered as one of the most productive and flexible continuous cell lines available for vaccine manufacturing. However, these cells are anchorage dependent, which greatly complicates upstream processing and process scale-up. Moreover, there is a recognized need to reduce the costs of vaccine manufacturing to develop vaccines that are affordable worldwide. The use of cell lines adapted to suspension growth contributes to reach this objective. The current work describes the adaptation of Vero cells to suspension culture in different serum free media according to multiple protocols based on subsequent passages. The best one that relies on cell adaption to IPT-AFM an in-house developed animal component free medium was then chosen for further studies. Besides, as aggregates have been observed, the improvement of IPT-AFM composition and mechanical dissociation were also investigated. In addition to IPT-AFM, three chemically defined media (CD293, Hycell CHO and CD-U5) and two serum free media (293SFMII and SFM4CHO) were tested to set up a serum free culture of the suspension-adapted Vero cells (VeroS) in shake flasks. Cell density levels higher than 2 × 106 cells/mL were obtained in the assessed conditions. The results were comparable to those obtained in spinner culture of adherent Vero cells grown on Cytodex 1 microcarriers. Cell infection with LP-2061 rabies virus strain at an MOI (Multiplicity of Infection) of 0.1 and a cell density of 8 ± 0.5 × 105 cells/mL resulted in a virus titer higher than 107 FFU/mL in all media tested. Nevertheless, the highest titer equal to 5.2 ± 0.5 × 107 FFU/mL, was achieved in IPT-AFM containing a reduced amount of Ca++ and Mg++. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the obtained VeroS cells to produce rabies virus at a high titer, and pave the way to develop VeroS cells bioreactor process for rabies vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Rourou
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Ben Zakkour
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Héla Kallel
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
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26
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Gränicher G, Coronel J, Pralow A, Marichal-Gallardo P, Wolff M, Rapp E, Karlas A, Sandig V, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Efficient influenza A virus production in high cell density using the novel porcine suspension cell line PBG.PK2.1. Vaccine 2019; 37:7019-7028. [PMID: 31005427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza respiratory infections are still a major public health issue. Vaccination is the most efficient way to prevent influenza infection. One option to produce influenza vaccines is cell-culture based virus propagation. Different host cell lines, such as MDCK, Vero, AGE1.CR or PER.C6 cells have been shown to be a good substrate for influenza virus production. With respect to the ease of scale-up, suspension cells should be preferred over adherent cells. Ideally, they should replicate different influenza virus strains with high cell-specific yields. Evaluation of new cell lines and further development of processes is of considerable interest, as this increases the number of options regarding the design of manufacturing processes, flexibility of vaccine production and efficiency. Here, PBG.PK2.1, a new mammalian cell line that was developed by ProBioGen AG (Germany) for virus production is presented. The cells derived from immortal porcine kidney cells were previously adapted to growth in suspension in a chemically-defined medium. Influenza virus production was improved after virus adaptation to PBG.PK2.1 cells and optimization of infection conditions, namely multiplicity of infection and trypsin concentration. Hemagglutinin titers up to 3.24 log10(HA units/100 µL) were obtained in fed-batch mode in bioreactors (700 mL working volume). Evaluation of virus propagation in high cell density culture using a hollow-fiber based system (ATF2) demonstrated promising performance: Cell concentrations of up to 50 × 106 cells/mL with viabilities exceeding 95%, and a maximum HA titer of 3.93 log10(HA units/100 µL). Analysis of glycosylation of the viral HA antigen expressed showed clear differences compared to HA produced in MDCK or Vero cell lines. With an average cell-specific productivity of 5000 virions/cell, we believe that PBG.PK2.1 cells are a very promising candidate to be considered for next-generation influenza virus vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendal Gränicher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Juliana Coronel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pralow
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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27
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Svoradová A, Kuželová L, Vašíček J, Olexíková L, Chrenek P. Cryopreservation of chicken blastodermal cells and their quality assessment by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:778-783. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Svoradová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences; Constantine the Philosopher University; Nitra Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Kuželová
- Research Centre AgroBioTech; Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromír Vašíček
- Research Centre AgroBioTech; Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
- National Agricultural and Food Centre; Inst. of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Olexíková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre; Inst. of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- National Agricultural and Food Centre; Inst. of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra; Lužianky Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science; Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
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28
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White KM, Ayllon J, Mena I, Potenski A, Krammer F, García-Sastre A. Influenza B virus reverse genetic backbones with improved growth properties in the EB66® cell line as basis for vaccine seed virus generation. Vaccine 2018; 36:1146-1153. [PMID: 29395518 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the best available prophylaxis to prevent influenza virus infections, yet current inadequacies in influenza virus vaccine manufacturing often lead to vaccine shortages at times when the vaccine is most needed, as it was the case during the last influenza virus pandemic. Novel influenza virus vaccine production systems will be crucial to improve public health and safety. Here we report the optimization of influenza B virus growth in the proprietary EB66® cell line, currently in use for human vaccine production. To this end, we collected, curated and sequenced 71 influenza B viruses selected for high diversity in date of isolation and lineage. This viral collection was tested for ability to enter and replicate within EB66® cells in a single cycle assay and appears to readily infect these cells. When the collection was tested for viral progeny production in a multi-cycle assay, we found a large variation from strain to strain. The strains with the top growth characteristics from the B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages were selected for vaccine backbone generation using a reverse genetics system. We then showed that these backbones maintain their desirable growth within EB66® cells when the HA and NA from poorly growing strains were substituted for the parental segments, indicating that the selected backbones are viable options for vaccine production in EB66®. Finally, we show that compounds previously reported to enhance influenza virus growth in cell culture also increase virus production in the EB66® cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
| | - Juan Ayllon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Anna Potenski
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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29
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Molino JVD, Lopes AM, Viana Marques DDA, Mazzola PG, da Silva JL, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC, Gatti MSV, Pessoa A. Application of aqueous two‐phase micellar system to improve extraction of adenoviral particles from cell lysate. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:381-389. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Dutra Molino
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical TechnologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - André Moreni Lopes
- Department of Bioprocess and BiotechnologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSão Paulo State University Araraquara Brazil
| | | | | | - Joas Lucas da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical TechnologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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30
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Chen P, Zhang KH, Na T, Wang L, Yin WD, Yuan BZ, Wang JZ. The hUC-MSCs cell line CCRC-1 represents a novel, safe and high-yielding HDCs for the production of human viral vaccines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12484. [PMID: 28970485 PMCID: PMC5624879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MRC-5 represents the most frequent human diploid cells (HDCs)-type cell substrate in the production of human viral vaccines. However, early-passage MRC-5 is diminishing and, due to both technical and ethical issues, it is extremely difficult to derive novel HDCs from fetal lung tissues, which are the common sources of HDCs. Our previous studies suggested that human umbilical cord may represent an alternative but convenient source of new HDCs. Here, we established a three-tiered cell banking system of a hUC-MSC line, designated previously as Cell Collection and Research Center-1 (CCRC-1). The full characterization indicated that the banked CCRC-1 cells were free from adventitious agents and remained non-tumorigenic. The CCRC-1 cells sustained its rapid proliferation even at passage 30 and were susceptible to the infection of a wide spectrum of viruses. Interestingly, the CCRC-1 cells showed much higher production of EV71 or Rubella viruses than MRC-5 and Vero cells when growing in serum-free medium. More importantly, the EV71 vaccine produced from CCRC-1 cells induced immunogenicity while eliciting no detectable toxicities in the tested mice. Collectively, these studies further supported that CCRC-1, and likely other hUC-MSCs as well, may serve as novel, safe and high-yielding HDCs for the production of human viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, PR China.,Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Hua Zhang
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Tao Na
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Sino Vac Biotech, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | | | - Bao-Zhu Yuan
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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31
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Farzaneh M, Attari F, Mozdziak PE, Khoshnam SE. The evolution of chicken stem cell culture methods. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:681-686. [PMID: 28840744 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1365354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. The avian embryo is an excellent model for studying embryology and the production of pharmaceutical proteins in transgenic chickens. Furthermore, chicken stem cells have the potential for proliferation and differentiation and emerged as an attractive tool for various cell-based technologies. 2. The objective of these studies is the derivation and culture of these stem cells is the production of transgenic birds for recombinant biomaterials and vaccine manufacture, drug and cytotoxicity testing, as well as to gain insight into basic science, including cell tracking. 3. Despite similarities among the established chicken stem cell lines, fundamental differences have been reported between their culture conditions and applications. Recent conventional protocols used for expansion and culture of chicken stem cells mostly depend on feeder cells, serum-containing media and static culture. 4. Utilising chicken stem cells for generation of cell-based transgenic birds and a variety of vaccines requires large-scale cell production. However, scaling up the conventional adherent chicken stem cells is challenging and labour intensive. Development of a suspension cell culture process for chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs), chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) and chicken induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) will be an important advance for increasing the growth kinetics of these cells. 6. This review describes various approaches and suggestions to achieve optimal cell growth for defined chicken stem cells cultures and use in future manufacturing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farzaneh
- a Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - F Attari
- b Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - P E Mozdziak
- c Physiology Graduate Program , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - S E Khoshnam
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran.,e Student Research Committee , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Influenza viruses production: Evaluation of a novel avian cell line DuckCelt®-T17. Vaccine 2017; 36:3101-3111. [PMID: 28571695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The influenza vaccine manufacturing industry is looking for production cell lines that are easily scalable, highly permissive to multiple viruses, and more effective in term of viral productivity. One critical characteristic of such cell lines is their ability to grow in suspension, in serum free conditions and at high cell densities. Influenza virus causing severe epidemics both in human and animals is an important threat to world healthcare. The repetitive apparition of influenza pandemic outbreaks in the last 20years explains that manufacturing sector is still looking for more effective production processes to replace/supplement embryonated egg-based process. Cell-based production strategy, with a focus on avian cell lines, is one of the promising solutions. Three avian cell lines, namely duck EB66®cells (Valneva), duck AGE.CR® cells (Probiogen) and quail QOR/2E11 cells (Baxter), are now competing with traditional mammalian cell platforms (Vero and MDCK cells) used for influenza vaccine productions and are currently at advance stage of commercial development for the manufacture of influenza vaccines. The DuckCelt®-T17 cell line presented in this work is a novel avian cell line developed by Transgene. This cell line was generated from primary embryo duck cells with the constitutive expression of the duck telomerase reverse transcriptase (dTERT). The DuckCelt®-T17 cells were able to grow in batch suspension cultures and serum-free conditions up to 6.5×106cell/ml and were easily scaled from 10ml up to 3l bioreactor. In the present study, DuckCelt®-T17 cell line was tested for its abilities to produce various human, avian and porcine influenza strains. Most of the viral strains were produced at significant infectious titers (>5.8 log TCID50/ml) with optimization of the infection conditions. Human strains H1N1 and H3N2, as well as all the avian strains tested (H5N2, H7N1, H3N8, H11N9, H12N5) were the most efficiently produced with highest titre reached of 9.05 log TCID50/ml for A/Panama/2007/99 influenza H3N2. Porcine strains were also greatly rescued with titres from 4 to 7 log TCID50/ml depending of the subtypes. Interestingly, viral kinetics showed maximal titers reached at 24h post-infection for most of the strains, allowing early harvest time (Time Of Harvest: TOH). The B strains present specific production kinetics with a delay of 24h before reaching the maximal viral particle release. Process optimization on H1N1 2009 human pandemic strain allowed identifying best operating conditions for production (MOI, trypsin concentration, cell density at infection) allowing improving the production level by 2 log. Our results suggest that the DuckCelt®-T17 cell line is a very promising platform for industrial production of influenza viruses and particularly for avian viral strains.
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Milián E, Julien T, Biaggio R, Venereo-Sanchez A, Montes J, Manceur AP, Ansorge S, Petiot E, Rosa-Calatrava M, Kamen A. Accelerated mass production of influenza virus seed stocks in HEK-293 suspension cell cultures by reverse genetics. Vaccine 2017; 35:3423-3430. [PMID: 28495315 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite major advances in developing capacities and alternative technologies to egg-based production of influenza vaccines, responsiveness to an influenza pandemic threat is limited by the time it takes to generate a Candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) as reported by the 2015 WHO Informal Consultation report titled "Influenza Vaccine Response during the Start of a Pandemic". In previous work, we have shown that HEK-293 cell culture in suspension and serum free medium is an efficient production platform for cell culture manufacturing of influenza candidate vaccines. This report, took advantage of, recombinant DNA technology using Reverse Genetics of influenza strains, and advances in the large-scale transfection of suspension cultured HEK-293 cells. We demonstrate the efficient generation of H1N1 with the PR8 backbone reassortant under controlled bioreactor conditions in two sequential steps (transfection/rescue and infection/production). This approach could deliver a CVV for influenza vaccine manufacturing within two-weeks, starting from HA and NA pandemic sequences. Furthermore, the scalability of the transfection technology combined with the HEK-293 platform has been extensively demonstrated at >100L scale for several biologics, including recombinant viruses. Thus, this innovative approach is better suited to rationally engineer and mass produce influenza CVV within significantly shorter timelines to enable an effective global response in pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Milián
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Julien
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rafael Biaggio
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alina Venereo-Sanchez
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johnny Montes
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aziza P Manceur
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sven Ansorge
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emma Petiot
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Potential neoplastic evolution of Vero cells: in vivo and in vitro characterization. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:741-750. [PMID: 28386771 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vero cell lines are extensively employed in viral vaccine manufacturing. Similarly to all established cells, mutations can occur during Vero cells in vitro amplification which can result in adverse features compromising their biological safety. To evaluate the potential neoplastic evolution of these cells, in vitro transformation test, gene expression analysis and karyotyping were compared among low- (127 and 139 passages) and high-passage (passage 194) cell lines, as well as transformed colonies (TCs). In vivo tumorigenicity was also tested to confirm preliminary in vitro data obtained for low passage lines and TCs. Moreover, Vero cells cultivated in foetal bovine serum-free medium and derived from TCs were analysed to investigate the influence of cultivation methods on tumorigenic evolution. Low-passage Vero developed TCs in soft agar, without showing any tumorigenic evolution when inoculated in the animal model. Karyotyping showed a hypo-diploid modal chromosome number and rearrangements with no difference among Vero cell line passages and TCs. These abnormalities were reported also in serum-free cultivated Vero. Gene expression revealed that high-passage Vero cells had several under-expressed and a few over-expressed genes compared to low-passage ones. Gene ontology revealed no significant enrichment of pathways related to oncogenic risk. These findings suggest that in vitro high passage, and not culture conditions, induces Vero transformation correlated to karyotype and gene expression alterations. These data, together with previous investigations reporting tumour induction in high-passage Vero cells, suggest the use of low-passage Vero cells or cell lines other than Vero to increase the safety of vaccine manufacturing.
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35
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Farzaneh M, Hassani SN, Mozdziak P, Baharvand H. Avian embryos and related cell lines: A convenient platform for recombinant proteins and vaccine production. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Graduate Physiology Program; Campus Box 7608/321 Scott Hall; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology; University of Science and Culture; Tehran Iran
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36
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Benedictus L, Bell CR. The risks of using allogeneic cell lines for vaccine production: the example of Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:65-71. [PMID: 27744721 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1249859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is a hemorrhagic disease that emerged in calves across Europe in 2007. Its occurrence is attributed to immunization of the calf's mother with a vaccine produced using an allogeneic cell line. Vaccine-induced alloantibodies specific for major-histocompatibility class I antigens are transferred from the mother to the calf via colostrum, leading to profound depletion of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells that is often fatal. Areas covered: Pubmed and Web of Science were used to search for literature relevant to BNP and the use of allogeneic vaccine cell lines. Following a review of the pathology and pathogenesis of this novel condition, we discuss potential risks associated with the use of allogeneic vaccine cell lines. Expert commentary: Although BNP is associated with a specific vaccine, it highlights safety concerns common to all vaccines produced using allogeneic cell lines. Measures to prevent similar vaccine-induced alloimmune-mediated adverse events in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- a Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte R Bell
- c The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush , Midlothian , Scotland , UK
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37
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Léon A, David AL, Madeline B, Guianvarc'h L, Dureau E, Champion-Arnaud P, Hebben M, Huss T, Chatrenet B, Schwamborn K. The EB66® cell line as a valuable cell substrate for MVA-based vaccines production. Vaccine 2016; 34:5878-5885. [PMID: 27997338 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selection of a cell substrate is a critical step for the development and manufacturing of a viral vaccine candidate. Several parameters such as cell susceptibility and permissiveness to the viral pathogens but also performance in terms of viral antigens quality and production yields are important considerations when identifying the ideal match between a viral vaccine and cell substrate. The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a replication-deficient viral vector that holds great promise as a vaccine platform, however only limited cell substrates have been tested or are available for industrialization. Here we evaluate the duck embryo-derived EB66® cell line as potential cell substrate for MVA production. To this end, we used two recombinant MVA constructs and demonstrated that EB66® cells are propagating the tested MVA viruses very efficiently, while preserving viral attenuation and transgene expression for up to 20 serial passages. Furthermore we developed upstream and downstream processes that enable industrialization of the virus production. In conclusion, we showed that EB66® cells can be used as potent cell substrate for MVA-based vaccines and represent therefore an attractive alternative for vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Léon
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | | | - Brice Madeline
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Elodie Dureau
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Matthias Hebben
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Thierry Huss
- Transgene SA, 400 boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach - Parc d'Innovation - CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden cedex, France
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38
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Zahoor MA, Khurshid M, Qureshi R, Naz A, Shahid M. Cell culture-based viral vaccines: current status and future prospects. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture-based viral vaccines are used globally to immunize humans against infections. The cell culture is continuous process of developing substrates for the safe production of viral vaccines. However, increased global demand and strict safety rules for novel vaccines to control and eradicate viral diseases have forced researchers and manufacturers toward cell culture-based vaccines. The choice of cell substrate is a critical step that cannot be generalized for every vaccine formulation, therefore, manufacturers intend to optimize the required processes for particular applications. The recently established cell lines, innovative bioreactor concepts and cultivation schemes are necessary to increase the potential of vaccine production. In this review, we have focused on current cell culture-based viral vaccines and their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Qureshi
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Naz
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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