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Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38257830 PMCID: PMC10819593 DOI: 10.3390/v16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a well-known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children, as well as in many mammalian species and birds, affecting them at a young age. This group of viruses has a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome with high genetic diversity linked to point mutations, recombination, and, importantly, reassortment. While initial molecular investigations undertaken in the 1900s suggested host range restriction among group A rotaviruses based on the fact that different gene segments were distributed among different animal species, recent molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies conducted by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) have shown that animal rotaviruses serve as a source of diversification of human rotavirus A, highlighting their zoonotic potential. Rotaviruses occurring in various animal species have been linked with contributing genetic material to human rotaviruses, including horses, with the most recent identification of equine-like G3 rotavirus A infecting children. The goal of this article is to review relevant information related to rotavirus structure/genomic organization, epidemiology (with a focus on human and equine rotavirus A), evolution, inter-species transmission, and the potential zoonotic role of equine and other animal rotaviruses. Diagnostics, surveillance and the current status of human and livestock vaccines against RVA are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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2
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Roier S, Mangala Prasad V, McNeal MM, Lee KK, Petsch B, Rauch S. mRNA-based VP8* nanoparticle vaccines against rotavirus are highly immunogenic in rodents. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:190. [PMID: 38129390 PMCID: PMC10739717 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of live-attenuated oral vaccines, rotavirus remains a major cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide. Due to the growing demand for parenteral rotavirus vaccines, we developed mRNA-based vaccine candidates targeting the viral spike protein VP8*. Our monomeric P2 (universal T cell epitope)-VP8* mRNA design is equivalent to a protein vaccine currently in clinical development, while LS (lumazine synthase)-P2-VP8* was designed to form nanoparticles. Cyro-electron microscopy and western blotting-based data presented here suggest that proteins derived from LS-P2-VP8* mRNA are secreted in vitro and self-assemble into 60-mer nanoparticles displaying VP8*. mRNA encoded VP8* was immunogenic in rodents and introduced both humoral and cellular responses. LS-P2-VP8* induced superior humoral responses to P2-VP8* in guinea pigs, both as monovalent and trivalent vaccines, with encouraging responses detected against the most prevalent P genotypes. Overall, our data provide evidence that trivalent LS-P2-VP8* represents a promising mRNA-based next-generation rotavirus vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidya Mangala Prasad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Monica M McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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McAdams D, Estrada M, Holland D, Singh J, Sawant N, Hickey JM, Kumar P, Plikaytis B, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Sitrin R, Cryz S, White JA. Concordance of in vitro and in vivo measures of non-replicating rotavirus vaccine potency. Vaccine 2022; 40:5069-5078. [PMID: 35871866 PMCID: PMC9405915 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infants residing in low- and middle-income countries. To address the large need for protection from this vaccine-preventable disease we are developing a trivalent subunit rotavirus vaccine which is currently being evaluated in a multinational Phase 3 clinical trial for prevention of serious rotavirus gastroenteritis. Currently, there are no universally accepted in vivo or in vitro models that allow for correlation of field efficacy to an immune response against serious rotavirus gastroenteritis. As a new generation of non-replicating rotavirus vaccines are developed the lack of an established model for evaluating vaccine efficacy becomes a critical issue related to how vaccine potency and stability can be assessed. Our previous publication described the development of an in vitro ELISA to quantify individual vaccine antigens adsorbed to an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to address the gap in vaccine potency methods for this non-replicating rotavirus vaccine candidate. In the present study, we report on concordance between ELISA readouts and in vivo immunogenicity in a guinea pig model as it relates to vaccine dosing levels and sensitivity to thermal stress. We found correlation between in vitro ELISA values and neutralizing antibody responses engendered after animal immunization. Furthermore, this in vitro assay could be used to demonstrate the effect of thermal stress on vaccine potency, and such results could be correlated with physicochemical analysis of the recombinant protein antigens. This work demonstrates the suitability of the in vitro ELISA to measure vaccine potency and the correlation of these measurements to an immunologic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McAdams
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98122, United States
| | - Marcus Estrada
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98122, United States.
| | - David Holland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
| | - Jasneet Singh
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98122, United States
| | - Nishant Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
| | - Brian Plikaytis
- BioStat Consulting, LLC, 10429, Big Canoe, Jasper, GA 30143-5125, United States
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
| | - Robert Sitrin
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98122, United States.
| | - Stan Cryz
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98122, United States.
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Lakatos K, McAdams D, White JA, Chen D. Formulation and preclinical studies with a trivalent rotavirus P2-VP8 subunit vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1957-1968. [PMID: 31995444 PMCID: PMC7482676 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1710412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
More effective rotavirus vaccines are essential for preventing extensive diarrheal morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age in low-resource regions. Nonreplicating rotavirus vaccines (NRRV) administered parenterally provide an alternate vaccination method to the current licensed oral vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines and may generate increased efficacy in low-resource settings because the parenteral administration route bypasses some of the challenges associated with oral administration, including differences in intestinal environments. Work described here supports development of a trivalent NRRV vaccine for parenteral administration to avoid complications of the gastrointestinal route. Recombinant VP8* subunit proteins representing some of the most prevalent strains of rotavirus infecting humans - DS-1 (P[4]), 1076 (P[6]), and Wa (P[8]) - were combined with an aluminum adjuvant and the P2 epitope of tetanus toxoid to enhance the immune response to this NRRV antigen. Vaccine formulation development included selection of aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel®) as an appropriate adjuvant as well as an optimal buffer to maintain antigen stability and optimize antigen binding to the adjuvant. Characterization assays were used to select the lead vaccine formulation and monitor formulation stability. The NRRV liquid formulation was stable for one year at 2°C to 8°C and four weeks at 37°C. Immunogenicity of the NRRV formulation was evaluated using a guinea pig model, where we demonstrated that the adjuvant provided a 20-fold increase in neutralization titer against a homologous antigen and that the P2-fusion also enhanced the serum neutralizing antibody responses. This vaccine candidate is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lakatos
- Medical Devices and Health Technologies Global Program, Formulation Technologies, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David McAdams
- Medical Devices and Health Technologies Global Program, Formulation Technologies, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A. White
- Medical Devices and Health Technologies Global Program, Formulation Technologies, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Medical Devices and Health Technologies Global Program, Formulation Technologies, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Li W, Feng J, Li J, Li J, Wang Z, Khalique A, Yang M, Ni X, Zeng D, Zhang D, Jing B, Luo Q, Pan K. Surface Display of Antigen Protein VP8* of Porcine Rotavirus on Bacillus Subtilis Spores Using CotB as a Fusion Partner. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203793. [PMID: 31652492 PMCID: PMC6833084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus is a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in suckling piglets, and vaccination is considered to be an effective measure to control these infections. The development of a live mucosal vaccine using Bacillus subtilis spores as an antigen delivery vehicle is a convenient and attractive vaccination strategy against porcine rotavirus. In this study, a shuttle vector was constructed for the spore surface display of the spike protein VP8* from porcine rotavirus (the genotype was G5P[7]). A successful display of the CotB-VP8* fusion protein on the spore surface was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. The capacity for immune response generated after immunization with the recombinant strain was evaluated in a mouse model. The intestinal fecal IgA and serum IgG were detected by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA). Importantly, recombinant strain spores could elicit strong specific mucosal and humoral immune responses. These encouraging results suggest that recombinant B. subtilis BV could provide a strategy for a potential novel application approach to the development of a new and safe mucosal subunit vaccine against porcine rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jiajun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jianzhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chengdu 611100, China.
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chengdu 611100, China.
| | - Abdul Khalique
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Miao Yang
- Technology Centre of Chengdu Custom, Chengdu 611100, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Dong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qihui Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Shepherd FK, Murtaugh MP, Chen F, Culhane MR, Marthaler DG. Longitudinal Surveillance of Porcine Rotavirus B Strains from the United States and Canada and In Silico Identification of Antigenically Important Sites. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6040064. [PMID: 29207506 PMCID: PMC5750588 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus B (RVB) is an important swine pathogen, but control and prevention strategies are limited without an available vaccine. To develop a subunit RVB vaccine with maximal effect, we characterized the amino acid sequence variability and predicted antigenicity of RVB viral protein 7 (VP7), a major neutralizing antibody target, from clinically infected pigs in the United States and Canada. We identified genotype-specific antigenic sites that may be antibody neutralization targets. While some antigenic sites had high amino acid functional group diversity, nine antigenic sites were completely conserved. Analysis of nucleotide substitution rates at amino acid sites (dN/dS) suggested that negative selection appeared to be playing a larger role in the evolution of the identified antigenic sites when compared to positive selection, and was identified in six of the nine conserved antigenic sites. These results identified important characteristics of RVB VP7 variability and evolution and suggest antigenic residues on RVB VP7 that are negatively selected and highly conserved may be good candidate regions to include in a subunit vaccine design due to their tendency to remain stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Shepherd
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Fangzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Marie R Culhane
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Douglas G Marthaler
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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7
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Tadepalli G, Konduru B, Murali HS, Batra HV. Intraperitoneal administration of a novel chimeric immunogen (rOP) elicits IFN-γ and IL-12p70 protective immune response in BALB/c mice against virulent Brucella. Immunol Lett 2017; 192:79-87. [PMID: 29106986 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant engineering of immunologically active chimeric protein consisting of Omp19 and P39 domains of B. abortus (rOP), was purified under denaturing conditions upon expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and refolded to dynamic form. The immuno-protective efficacy of rOP was evaluated by challenging the BALB/c mice intraperitoneally (I.P) with the infective species of Brucella in the absence or presence of adjuvants, such as Aluminum hydroxide gel (Al), or Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA)/Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA). Surprisingly, after second boosting, mice received rOP per se were found to be immunogenic in terms of IgG response with the dominant expression of IgG2a and significant IFN-γ by splenic T cells, suggesting that rOP is a strong inducer of anti-Brucella immunity. The resulted anti-rOP antibodies recognized native Omp19 and P39 among species of Brucella with distinct double bands and single band against chimera in immunoblotting. An enhanced and comparable antibody response with varied IgG isotype combinations were noticed in the mice primed and boosted with rOP in adjuvants. However, rOP+FCA/IFA formulation was found to be the most effective in lymphocyte recall assays at inducing significant (P<0.001) proliferation index (P.I.) as well as increased Th1-coupled cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12p70) than rOP+Al in response to rOP re-stimulation. Furthermore, in vitro defensive assay revealed that compared to anti-rOP antisera, the polyclonal anti-sera from rOP+adjuvants exhibited enhanced protection of RAW264.7 cells against virulent challenge by B. melitensis 16M and B. abortus 544. In addition, compared to sham group, enumeration of Brucella CFU after challenge with the above species showed a significant (P<0.01) reduction of bacteria (log CFU) in the macrophage cell lines and organs of vaccinated mice. On the whole, a relatively higher and faster reduction was noticed in the mice vaccinated with similar amount of purified antigen in Freund's adjuvant. Ability of inducing Th1 directed immune protection in the absence of adjuvant support, postulated rOP as a plausible entrant for developing a chimeric based subunit vaccine against Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Tadepalli
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balakrishna Konduru
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Harsh Vardhan Batra
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Naseer O, Jarvis MC, Ciarlet M, Marthaler DG. Genotypic and epitope characteristics of group A porcine rotavirus strains circulating in Canada. Virology 2017; 507:53-63. [PMID: 28399437 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of Rotavirus A (RVA) infections in North America swine populations are limited and not performed over a significant time period to properly assess the diversity of RVA strains in swine. The VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes of 32 Canadian RVA strains, circulating between 2009 and 2015 were sequenced, identifying the G3P[13], G5P[7], G9P[7], G9[13], and G9[19] genotype combinations. The Canadian RVA strains were compared to the RVA strains present in the swine ProSystems RCE rotavirus vaccine. The comparison revealed multiple amino acid differences in the G and P antigenic epitopes, regardless of the G and P genotypes but specifically in the Canadian G3, P[13] and P[19] genotypes. Our study further contributes to the characterization of RVA's evolution and disease mitigation among swine, which may optimize target vaccine design, thereby minimizing RVA disease in this economically important animal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Naseer
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Matthew C Jarvis
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Max Ciarlet
- Vaccines Clinical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Douglas G Marthaler
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
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