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Kuznetsova N, Siniavin A, Butenko A, Larichev V, Kozlova A, Usachev E, Nikiforova M, Usacheva O, Shchetinin A, Pochtovyi A, Shidlovskaya E, Odintsova A, Belyaeva E, Voskoboinikov A, Bessonova A, Vasilchenko L, Karganova G, Zlobin V, Logunov D, Gushchin V, Gintsburg A. Development and characterization of chimera of yellow fever virus vaccine strain and Tick-Borne encephalitis virus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284823. [PMID: 37163522 PMCID: PMC10171666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most threatening pathogens which affects the human central nervous system (CNS). TBEV circulates widely in Northern Eurasia. According to ECDC, the number of TBE cases increase annually. There is no specific treatment for the TBEV infection, thus vaccination is the main preventive measure. Despite the existence of several inactivated vaccines currently being licensed, the development of new TBEV vaccines remains a leading priority in countries endemic to this pathogen. Here we report new recombinant virus made by infectious subgenomic amplicon (ISA) approach using TBEV and yellow fever virus vaccine strain (YF17DD-UN) as a genetic backbone. The recombinant virus is capable of effective replication in mammalian cells and induce TBEV-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Unlike the original vector based on the yellow fever vaccine strain, chimeric virus became neuroinvasive in doses of 107-106 PFU and can be used as a model of flavivirus neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism and neurovirulence. These properties of hybrid structures are the main factors limiting their practical use as vaccines platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Siniavin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Butenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Larichev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Kozlova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Usachev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Nikiforova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Usacheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Shchetinin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Odintsova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Belyaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksander Voskoboinikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina Bessonova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Vasilchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zlobin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Logunov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gushchin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Gintsburg
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Islam N, Lau C, Leeb A, Mills D, Furuya-Kanamori L. Safety profile comparison of chimeric live attenuated and Vero cell-derived inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccines through an active surveillance system in Australia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2020573. [PMID: 35254947 PMCID: PMC8986305 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited information is available about post-marketing safety of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines. Using data from SmartVax, an active surveillance system for monitoring vaccine safety, adverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) were compared between the two JE vaccines available in Australia (a chimeric live attenuated vaccine [Imojev] and a Vero cell-derived inactivated vaccine [JEspect]). Data from 2756 patients (1855 Imojev and 901 JEspect) were included. Overall (7.0%), systemic (2.8%), and local (1.9%) AEFIs were uncommon. There were no significant differences in the odds of overall (OR = 1.27; 95%CI: 0.91–1.77), systemic (OR = 1.23; 95%CI: 0.74–2.06), or local (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 0.65–2.22) AEFIs with Imojev compared to JEspect. There was an increase in odds of overall AEFI in patients aged <5 years (OR = 2.39; 95%CI: 1.10–5.19) compared to those aged >50 years. Both JE vaccines available in Australia are safe and well tolerated. Odds of AEFIs were age-dependent, young children should be carefully observed for AEFIs after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Islam
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Colleen Lau
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance, Brisbane, Australia.,Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alan Leeb
- Illawarra Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Deborah Mills
- Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance, Brisbane, Australia.,Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an endemic disease dominantly in the Asia-Pacific region with mortality rate varying between 3% and 30%. Long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae developed in 30–50% of the survivors. There is no available antiviral therapy for JE. JE vaccines play a major role in preventing this devastating disease. The incidence of JE declined over years and the age distribution shifted toward adults in countries where JE immunization program exists. Mouse brain–JE vaccine is currently replaced by inactivated Vero cell-derived vaccine and live-attenuated vaccine using SA14-14-2 strain, and live chimeric JE vaccines. These three types of JE vaccines are associated with favorable efficacy and safety profiles. Common adverse reactions include injection site reactions and fever, and severe adverse reactions are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hansen CA, Barrett ADT. The Present and Future of Yellow Fever Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090891. [PMID: 34577591 PMCID: PMC8468696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease yellow fever (YF) is prevented by a live-attenuated vaccine, termed 17D, which has been in use since the 1930s. One dose of the vaccine is thought to give lifelong (35+ years) protective immunity, and neutralizing antibodies are the correlate of protection. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, YF remains a major public health burden, causing an estimated 109,000 severe infections and 51,000 deaths annually. There are issues of supply and demand for the vaccine, and outbreaks in 2016 and 2018 resulted in fractional dosing of the vaccine to meet demand. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established the “Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics” (EYE) initiative to reduce the burden of YF over the next 10 years. As with most vaccines, the WHO has recommendations to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the YF vaccine. These require the use of live 17D vaccine only produced in embryonated chicken eggs, and safety evaluated in non-human primates only. Thus, any second-generation vaccines would require modification of WHO recommendations if they were to be used in endemic countries. There are multiple second-generation YF vaccine candidates in various stages of development that must be shown to be non-inferior to the current 17D vaccine in terms of safety and immunogenicity to progress through clinical trials to potential licensing. The historic 17D vaccine continues to shape the global vaccine landscape in its use in the generation of multiple licensed recombinant chimeric live vaccines and vaccine candidates, in which its structural protein genes are replaced with those of other viruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis. There is no doubt that the YF 17D live-attenuated vaccine will continue to play a role in the development of new vaccines for YF, as well as potentially for many other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clairissa A. Hansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA
- Correspondence:
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Evaluation of the extended efficacy of the Dengvaxia vaccine against symptomatic and subclinical dengue infection. Nat Med 2021; 27:1395-1400. [PMID: 34168334 PMCID: PMC8364868 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the world's population lives in areas at risk for dengue virus infection. A vaccine will be pivotal to controlling spread, however, the only licensed vaccine, Dengvaxia, has been shown to increase the risk of severe disease in a subset of individuals. Vaccine efforts are hampered by a poor understanding of antibody responses, including those generated by vaccines, and whether antibody titers can be used as a marker of protection from infection or disease. Here we present the results of an ancillary study to a phase III vaccine study (n = 611). All participants received three doses of either Dengvaxia or placebo and were followed for 6 years. We performed neutralization tests on annual samples and during confirmed dengue episodes (n = 16,508 total measurements). We use mathematical models to reconstruct long-term antibody responses to vaccination and natural infection, and to identify subclinical infections. There were 87 symptomatic infections reported, and we estimated that there were a further 351 subclinical infections. Cumulative vaccine efficacy was positive for both subclinical and symptomatic infection, although the protective effect of the vaccine was concentrated in the first 3 years following vaccination. Among individuals with the same antibody titer, we found no difference between the risk of subsequent infection or disease between placebo and vaccine recipients, suggesting that antibody titers are a good predictor of both protection and disease risk.
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Kim HS, Oh Y, Korejwo J, Castells VB, Yang K. Post-Marketing Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination with the Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Chimeric Virus Vaccine (Imojev ®) in South Korea, 2015-2019. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:589-598. [PMID: 32474892 PMCID: PMC7452989 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV; Imojev®) has been approved in South Korea for use in subjects aged ≥ 12 months since 2015. As part of the license agreement, a post-marketing surveillance study was undertaken to actively monitor the safety profile of JE-CV in the Korean population. METHODS An observational, active safety surveillance study was conducted from 3 April 2015 through to 2 April 2019 at 12 centers in South Korea. Subjects aged ≥ 12 months who received a single dose of JE-CV (primary or booster) during a routine healthcare visit were recruited and followed up for solicited reactions (7 and 14 days for injection site and systemic reactions, respectively), non-serious unsolicited adverse events and serious adverse events within 42 days after vaccination. RESULTS Overall, 810 subjects who received JE-CV were included in our analysis, the majority received the vaccine as a primary vaccination (94.9%; 769/810). There were 179 solicited reactions reported by 111 subjects; the majority of solicited reactions occurred within 0-3 days (80.4%; 144/179), were of 1-3 days' duration (79.3%; 142/179) and of grade 1 intensity (70.9%; 127/179). There were three grade 3 adverse reactions (irritability, pyrexia and malaise); all resolved within a few days. The incidence of solicited reactions were highest in those aged 12 to < 24 months (34.7% [52/150] subjects; 107 events) and 2 to < 10 years (17.8% [8/45] subjects; 14 events). All unsolicited adverse events (serious and non-serious) were unrelated to vaccination. There were no discontinuations due to adverse reactions/events. CONCLUSION JE-CV has a good safety profile under practice conditions in South Korea. No new safety issues were identified. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02933710.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongho Oh
- Sanofi Singapore, South Beach Tower, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Ma HY, Lai CC, Chiu NC, Lee PI. Adverse events following immunization with the live-attenuated recombinant Japanese encephalitis vaccine (IMOJEV®) in Taiwan, 2017-18. Vaccine 2020; 38:5219-5222. [PMID: 32546414 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a significant public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region, with a case-fatality rate of around 20% for those who develop encephalitis. Mouse-brain derived vaccines against JE have been used in the publicly funded national immunization program (NIP) in Taiwan since 1968. They were replaced with a live-attenuated recombinant vaccine (JE-CV, IMOJEV®) in May 2017. We assessed reports of adverse events (AE) following the introduction of JE-CV into the Taiwan NIP to characterize its post-licensure safety profile. METHODS AEs reported between 1 May 2017 and 31 December 2018 post vaccination with JE-CV were extracted from the National Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) Reporting System, a passive surveillance system run by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration. The report rates were calculated based on the number of doses distributed by the manufacturer during the assessment period. RESULTS There were 51 AEs reported among 30 subjects (12 girls and 18 boys; mean age 25 months), with a reporting rate of 4.7 AEs per 100,000 doses distributed. The AEs occurred after a median of. 1-day post vaccination. Eight subjects had received concomitant vaccination with another vaccines. There were four serious AEs reported: febrile seizure, acute renal failure, viral respiratory tract infection, and injection site cellulitis. None of these serious AEs were classified as being causally related to JE-CV vaccination. CONCLUSION These post-licensure AE surveillance data confirm the favorable safety profile of JE-CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yin Ma
- Sanofi Pasteur, Taiwan, 7F., No.3, Songren Rd., Xinyi Dist., Taipei City 11010, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Lai
- Medical Affairs, Asia & JPAC, Sanofi Pasteur, 38 Beach Road, #18-11 South Beach Tower, Singapore 189767, Singapore
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Zhongshan N Rd, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Section 3, Zhongzheng Road, Sanzhi District, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.8, Chung Shan S. Rd., Taipei 10041, Taiwan.
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Bouckenooghe A, Bailleux F, Feroldi E. Modeling the long-term persistence of neutralizing antibody in children and toddlers after vaccination with live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:72-79. [PMID: 30230947 PMCID: PMC6363153 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1515455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine JE-CV (IMOJEV®, Sanofi Pasteur) elicits a robust antibody response in children, which wanes over time. Clinical efficacy is based on a correlate of protection against JE infection defined as neutralizing antibody levels equal to or greater than the threshold of 10 (1/dil). Information on the duration of persistence of the JE antibody response above this threshold is needed. We constructed statistical models using 5-year persistence data from a randomised clinical trial (NCT00621764) in children (2–5 years old) primed with inactivated JE vaccine who received a booster dose of JE-CV, and in JE-naïve toddlers (12–24 months) who received a JE-CV single dose primary vaccination. Models were constructed using a Bayesian Monte-Carlo Markov Chain approach and implemented with OpenBugs V3.2.1. Antibody persistence was predicted for up to 10 years following JE-CV vaccination. Findings from a piecewise model with 2 phases (children) and a classic linear model (toddlers) are presented. For children, predicted median antibody titers (77 [2.5th–97.5th percentile range 41–144] 1/dil) remained above the threshold for seroprotection over the 10 years following booster JE-CV vaccination; the predicted median duration of protection was 19.5 years. For toddlers, 10 years after JE-CV primary vaccination median antibody titers were predicted to wane to around the level required for seroprotection (10.8 [5.8–20.1] 1/dil). A booster dose of JE-CV in children is predicted to provide long-term protection against JE. Such data are useful to facilitate decisions on implementation of and recommendations for future vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Bouckenooghe
- a Clinical Sciences and Medical Affairs , Sanofi Pasteur , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Fabrice Bailleux
- b Clinical Program and Operations , Sanofi Pasteur , Marcy l'Etoile , France
| | - Emmanuel Feroldi
- c Global Clinical Sciences , Sanofi Pasteur , Marcy l'Etoile , France
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Barzon L, Palù G. Recent developments in vaccines and biological therapies against Japanese encephalitis virus. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:851-864. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1499721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Vu TD, Nguyen QD, Tran HTA, Bosch-Castells V, Zocchetti C, Houillon G. Immunogenicity and safety of a single dose of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine in Vietnam: A single-arm, single-center study. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 66:137-142. [PMID: 29081368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the immunogenicity and safety of the Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) in children and adults in Vietnam. METHODS In this prospective, open-label, single-center, single-arm study, 250 healthy participants aged 9 months to 60 years received a single dose of JE-CV (IMOJEV®). JE neutralizing antibody titers were assessed at baseline and 28days after vaccination using the 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Safety and reactogenicity were assessed through solicited and unsolicited adverse events. FINDINGS Seroconversion (titer ≥10 [1/dil] in participants JE seronegative [titer <10] at baseline [per protocol analysis], or a 4-fold rise from a baseline titer ≥10) and seroprotection (titer ≥10 [1/dil]) rates 28days after vaccination were both 98.5% (132/134) in the per protocol analysis, and 82.4% (201/244) and 98.8% (242/245), respectively, in the full analysis set. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased in all age groups from Day 0 to Day 28; Day 28/Day 0 GMT ratios were 55.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.4-79.8), 348 (95% CI 211-572), 296 (95% CI 152-576) and 194 (95% CI 13.1-2870) in those aged 9 months to 4 years, 5-11 years, 12-17 years and 18-60 years, respectively, in the per protocol analysis. There were no safety concerns during the study. CONCLUSION A single dose of JE-CV in children and adults aged 9 months to 60 years in Vietnam elicited a protective immune response and was well tolerated with no safety concerns. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02492165).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiem Dinh Vu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin St., Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Quang Dang Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin St., Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Thi Ai Tran
- Hoa Binh Provincial Preventive Medicine Centre, Hoa Binh Province, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Guy Houillon
- Sanofi Pasteur, 2 Pont Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France
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Barrera J, Brake DA, Kamicker BJ, Purcell C, Kaptur R, Schieber T, Lechtenberg K, Miller TD, Ettyreddy D, Brough DE, Butman BT, Colby M, Neilan JG. Safety profile of a replication-deficient human adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A24 subunit vaccine in cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:447-455. [PMID: 29076657 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The safety of a replication-deficient, human adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A24 Cruzeiro capsid-based subunit vaccine (AdtA24) was evaluated in five independent safety studies. The target animal safety studies were designed in compliance with United States (U.S.) regulatory requirements (Title 9, U.S. Code of Federal Regulation [9CFR]) and international standard guidelines (VICH Topic GL-44) for veterinary live vaccines. The first three studies were conducted in a total of 22 vaccinees and demonstrated that the AdtA24 master seed virus (MSV) was safe, did not revert to virulence and was not shed or spread from vaccinees to susceptible cattle or pigs. The fourth safety study conducted in 10 lactating cows using an AdtA24 vaccine serial showed that the vaccine was completely absent from milk. The fifth safety study was conducted under typical U.S. production field conditions in 500 healthy beef and dairy cattle using two AdtA24 vaccine serials. These results demonstrated that the vaccine was safe when used per the product label recommendations. Additional data collected during these five studies confirmed that AdtA24 vaccinees developed FMDV A24 and the HAd5 vaccine vector serum neutralization antibodies that test negative in a FMDV non-structural protein antibody test, confirming AdtA24 vaccine's capability to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). In conclusion, results from this comprehensive set of cattle studies demonstrated the safety of the replication-deficient AdtA24 vaccine and fulfilled safety-related requirements for U.S. regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrera
- The McConnell Group, Inc., Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - D A Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLC, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - B J Kamicker
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | | | - R Kaptur
- Central States Research Centre, Oakland, NE, USA
| | - T Schieber
- Midwest Veterinary Service, Inc., Oakland, NE, USA
| | | | - T D Miller
- Benchmark Biolabs, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - M Colby
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J G Neilan
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
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