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Yuce M, Albayrak E. Paracrine Factors Released from Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Proliferation of Hematological Cancer Cells Under Hyperthermia in Co-culture Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4105-4124. [PMID: 37897623 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising biological therapeutic candidates in cancer treatment. As a source of MSCs, palatine tonsil tissue is one of the secondary lymphoid organs that form an essential part of the immune system, and the relation between the secondary lymphoid organs and cancer progression leads us to investigate the effect of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSC) on cancer treatment. We aimed to determine the anti-tumoral effects of T-MSCs cultured at the febrile temperature (40 °C) on hematological cancer cell lines. The co-culture of cancer cells with T-MSCs was carried out under fever and normal culture conditions, and then the cell viability was determined by cell counting. In addition, apoptosis rate and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry. We confirmed the apoptotic effect of T-MSC co-culture at the transcriptional level by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that co-culture of cancer cells with T-MSCs significantly decreased the viable cell number under the febrile and normal culture conditions. Besides, the T-MSC co-culture induced apoptosis on K562 and MOLT-4 cells and induced the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase on MOLT-4 cells. The apoptotic effect of T-MSC co-culture under febrile stimulation was confirmed at the transcriptional level. Our study has highlighted the anti-tumoral effect of the cellular interaction between the T-MSCs and human hematological cancer cells during in vitro co-culture under hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Yuce
- Stem Cell Research & Application Center, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit Campus, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Esra Albayrak
- Stem Cell Research & Application Center, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit Campus, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
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Xu H, Jia Z, Liu F, Li J, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Pu P, Shang T, Tang P, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Su J, Liu J. Biomarkers and experimental models for cancer immunology investigation. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e437. [PMID: 38045830 PMCID: PMC10693314 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of tumor immunotherapies poses challenges for the tools used in cancer immunology research, highlighting the need for highly effective biomarkers and reproducible experimental models. Current immunotherapy biomarkers encompass surface protein markers such as PD-L1, genetic features such as microsatellite instability, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and biomarkers in liquid biopsy such as circulating tumor DNAs. Experimental models, ranging from 3D in vitro cultures (spheroids, submerged models, air-liquid interface models, organ-on-a-chips) to advanced 3D bioprinting techniques, have emerged as valuable platforms for cancer immunology investigations and immunotherapy biomarker research. By preserving native immune components or coculturing with exogenous immune cells, these models replicate the tumor microenvironment in vitro. Animal models like syngeneic models, genetically engineered models, and patient-derived xenografts provide opportunities to study in vivo tumor-immune interactions. Humanized animal models further enable the simulation of the human-specific tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages, limitations, and prospects of different biomarkers and experimental models, specifically focusing on the role of biomarkers in predicting immunotherapy outcomes and the ability of experimental models to replicate the tumor microenvironment. By integrating cutting-edge biomarkers and experimental models, this review serves as a valuable resource for accessing the forefront of cancer immunology investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center /National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiayi Li
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yansong Huang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Pengming Pu
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Tongxuan Shang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Pengrui Tang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yongxin Zhou
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yufan Yang
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center /National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Hu S, Xiang D, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang S, Jin K, You L, Huang J. The mechanisms and cross-protection of trained innate immunity. Virol J 2022; 19:210. [PMID: 36482472 PMCID: PMC9733056 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the traditional cognition of immunological memory being specific to adaptive immunity has been challenged. Innate immunity can mount enhanced responsiveness upon secondary stimulation, and a phenomenon is termed trained innate immunity. Trained innate immunity is orchestrated by distinct metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in both circulating myeloid cells and myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow, leading to long-term resistance to related and non-related pathogens infections. The induction of trained innate immunity can also polarize innate immune cells towards a hyperresponsive phenotype in the tumor microenvironment to exert antitumor effects. This review will discuss the current understanding of innate immune memory and the mechanisms during the induction of innate immunity, including signaling pathways, metabolic changes, and epigenetic rewriting. We also provide an overview of cross-protection against infectious diseases and cancers based on trained innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Danhong Xiang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Lan Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Keyi Jin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liangshun You
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jian Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Mantica G, Chierigo F, Malinaric R, Smelzo S, Ambrosini F, Beverini M, Guano G, Caviglia A, Rigatti L, De Rose AF, Tafuri A, De Marchi D, Gaboardi F, Suardi N, Terrone C. Intravesical Therapy for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: What Is the Real Impact of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Variant on Oncological Outcomes? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:90. [PMID: 35056397 PMCID: PMC8778404 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To evaluate the oncological impact of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variant in patients submitted to intravesical therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: Between January 2015 and January 2020, patients with conventional urothelial NMIBC (TCC) or urothelial NMIBC with SCC variant (TCC + SCC) and submitted to adjuvant intravesical therapies were collected. Kaplan-Meier analyses targeted disease recurrence and progression. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to test the role of SCC on disease recurrence and/or progression. Results: A total of 32 patients out of 353 had SCC at diagnosis. Recurrence was observed in 42% of TCC and 44% of TCC + SCC patients (p = 0.88), while progression was observed in 12% of both TCC and TCC + SCC patients (p = 0.78). At multivariable Cox regression analyses, the presence of SCC variant was not associated with higher rates of neither recurrence (p = 0.663) nor progression (p = 0.582). Conclusions: We presented data from the largest series on patients with TCC and concomitant SCC histological variant managed with intravesical therapy (BCG or MMC). No significant differences were found in term of recurrence and progression between TCC and TCC + SCC. Despite the limited sample size, this study paves the way for a possible implementation of the use of intravesical BCG and MMC in NMIBC with histological variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Mantica
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Francesco Chierigo
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Rafaela Malinaric
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Salvatore Smelzo
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Turro Hospital, 20127 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.); (D.D.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Ambrosini
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Martina Beverini
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Giovanni Guano
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Alberto Caviglia
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Rigatti
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Turro Hospital, 20127 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.); (D.D.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Aldo Franco De Rose
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | | | - Davide De Marchi
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Turro Hospital, 20127 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.); (D.D.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Franco Gaboardi
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Turro Hospital, 20127 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.); (D.D.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Nazareno Suardi
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.F.D.R.); (N.S.); (C.T.)
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Liu L, Shi W, Xiao X, Wu X, Hu H, Yuan S, Liu K, Liu Z. BCG immunotherapy inhibits cancer progression by promoting the M1 macrophage differentiation of THP‑1 cells via the Rb/E2F1 pathway in cervical carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:245. [PMID: 34581419 PMCID: PMC8493057 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy increases macrophage polarization toward M1-type macrophages. In the present study, to identify the M1/M2 marker genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer, the microarray datasets GSE9750 and GSE7803 were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena browser. Survival analysis revealed that M1 markers (IL-12) were involved in anti-tumour progression, and M2 markers (IL-10) were involved in the carcinogenesis and invasion of cervical cancer. The expression of M1 markers (IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD80) and M2 markers (IL-10 and arginase) was examined to determine whether BCG affects the polarization of macrophages and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that BCG promoted macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype and enhanced the transition of M2 to M1 macrophages. The results also revealed that polarized M1 macrophages induced by BCG decreased the protein expression of phosphorylated (p-)retinoblastoma (Rb)/E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HeLa cells. On the whole, these results demonstrated that BCG promoted the anti-tumour progression of M1 macrophages and inhibited the pro-tumour activation of M2 macrophages via the Rb/E2F1 signalling pathway in HeLa cells. This suggests the possibility of a direct translation of this combination strategy to clinical practice for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Yuan
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
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Trivillin VA, Langle YV, Palmieri MA, Pozzi ECC, Thorp SI, Benitez Frydryk DN, Garabalino MA, Monti Hughes A, Curotto PM, Colombo LL, Santa Cruz IS, Ramos PS, Itoiz ME, Argüelles C, Eiján AM, Schwint AE. Evaluation of local, regional and abscopal effects of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) combined with immunotherapy in an ectopic colon cancer model. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20210593. [PMID: 34520668 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the local and regional therapeutic efficacy and abscopal effect of BNCT mediated by boronophenyl-alanine, combined with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as an immunotherapy agent in this model. METHODS The local effect of treatment was evaluated in terms of tumor response in the irradiated tumor-bearing right hind flank. Metastatic spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes was analyzed as an indicator of regional effect. The abscopal effect of treatment was assessed as tumor growth inhibition in the contralateral (non-irradiated) left hind flank inoculated with tumor cells 2 weeks post-irradiation. The experimental groups BNCT, BNCT + BCG, BCG, Beam only (BO), BO +BCG, SHAM (tumor-bearing, no treatment, same manipulation) were studied. RESULTS BNCT and BNCT + BCG induced a highly significant local anti-tumor response, whereas BCG alone induced a weak local effect. BCG and BNCT + BCG induced a significant abscopal effect in the contralateral non-irradiated leg. The BNCT + BCG group showed significantly less metastatic spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes vs SHAM and vs BO. CONCLUSION This study suggests that BNCT + BCG-immunotherapy would induce local, regional and abscopal effects in tumor-bearing animals. BNCT would be the main effector of the local anti-tumor effect whereas BCG would be the main effector of the abscopal effect. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Although the local effect of BNCT has been widely evidenced, this is the first study to show the local, regional and abscopal effects of BNCT combined with immunotherapy, contributing to comprehensive cancer treatment with combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Trivillin
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina V Langle
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica A Palmieri
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia I Thorp
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Andrea Monti Hughes
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M Curotto
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas L Colombo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iara S Santa Cruz
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula S Ramos
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Itoiz
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Argüelles
- Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Eiján
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Vandeborne L, Pantziarka P, Van Nuffel AMT, Bouche G. Repurposing Infectious Diseases Vaccines Against Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688755. [PMID: 34055652 PMCID: PMC8155725 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines used to prevent infections have long been known to stimulate immune responses to cancer as illustrated by the approval of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to treat bladder cancer since the 1970s. The recent approval of immunotherapies has rejuvenated this research area with reports of anti-tumor responses with existing infectious diseases vaccines used as such, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we have reviewed and summarized research activities using approved vaccines to treat cancer. Data supporting a cancer therapeutic use was found for 16 vaccines. For 10 (BCG, diphtheria, tetanus, human papillomavirus, influenza, measles, pneumococcus, smallpox, typhoid and varicella-zoster), clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing. Within the remaining 6, preclinical evidence supports further evaluation of the rotavirus, yellow fever and pertussis vaccine in carefully designed clinical trials. The mechanistic evidence for the cholera vaccine, combined with the observational data in colorectal cancer, is also supportive of clinical translation. There is limited data for the hepatitis B and mumps vaccine (without measles vaccine). Four findings are worth highlighting: the superiority of intravesical typhoid vaccine instillations over BCG in a preclinical bladder cancer model, which is now the subject of a phase I trial; the perioperative use of the influenza vaccine to limit and prevent the natural killer cell dysfunction induced by cancer surgery; objective responses following intratumoral injections of measles vaccine in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; objective responses induced by human papillomavirus vaccine in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. All vaccines are intended to induce or improve an anti-tumor (immune) response. In addition to the biological and immunological mechanisms that vary between vaccines, the mode of administration and sequence with other (immuno-)therapies warrant more attention in future research.
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Sex and Gender Influences on Cancer Immunotherapy Response. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070232. [PMID: 32708265 PMCID: PMC7400663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of cancer is growing and a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex has been demonstrated. The sex specificity of cancer appears to be a relevant issue in the management of the disease, and studies investigating the role of sex and gender are becoming extremely urgent. Sex hormones are presumably the leading actors of sex differences in cancer, especially estrogens. They modulate gene expression, alter molecules and generate disparities in effectiveness and side effects of anticancer therapies. Recently immunotherapy aims to improve anticancer treatment strategies reducing off-target effects of chemotherapy and direct cancer cells killing. It is recognized as a fruitful strategy to treat and possible to cure cancer. Immunotherapeutic agents are used to activate or boost the activation of the immune system to fight cancer cells through physiological mechanisms often evaded in the offensive march of the disease. These therapeutic strategies have allowed new successes, but also have serious adverse effects including non-specific inflammation and autoimmunity. Sex and gender issues are of primary importance in this field, due to their recognized role in inflammation, immunity and cancer, and the clarification and understanding of these aspects is a necessary step to increase the responses and to diminish the adverse effects of immunotherapy. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in cancer immunotherapy, and will offer insights to stimulate the attention and practice of clinicians and researchers in a gender perspective of new cancer treatment strategies.
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Suvarna C, Chaitanya NC, Ameer S, Inamdar P, Alugubelli S, Bhagyanagar A. Chemopreventive Agents in Oral Premalignancy: A Medical Management Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:127-133. [PMID: 32670899 PMCID: PMC7339999 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_424_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective: The term chemoprevention denotes the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to prevent carcinogenesis. Chemoprevention may help delay the process of carcinogen activation and prevent the conversion of preneoplastic cells. These agents play an active role in the secondary level of prevention and reduce malignancy-associated morbidity and mortality. A new term, “prophylactic antioxidant therapy,” was coined and proposed. This review has assessed all major chemopreventive agents used for oral premalignancy and malignant conditions, which will reduce the economic burden on the patients. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO search, with language restriction to English. The search incorporated published literature from 1990 to 2018 using the medical subject heading terms. Literature search was performed using the following keywords: Chemoprevention, Premalignancy, and Oral Malignancy. Results: Of 99 publications related to the search strategy, 45 full articles relevant to the chemopreventive agents in premalignacy and oral malignancy were acquired for further inspection. Of the 45 articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected, and a brief summary of the studies regarding different chemopreventive agents that were most commonly used in oral premalignancy and malignancies was written. Conclusion: This review suggests administration of major chemopreventive agents for superior prognosis in individuals with an elevated risk of premalignancy and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Suvarna
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nallan Csk Chaitanya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shaik Ameer
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pavitra Inamdar
- Clinical preceptor, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Swetha Alugubelli
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alakananda Bhagyanagar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Dynamic Culture Systems and 3D Interfaces Models for Cancer Drugs Testing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1230:137-159. [PMID: 32285369 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36588-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The mass use of biological agents for pharmaceutical purposes started with the development and distribution of vaccines, followed by the industrial production of antibiotics. The use of dynamic systems, such as bioreactors, had been already applied in the food industry in fermentation processes and started being used for the development of pharmaceutical agents from this point on. In the last decades, the use of bioreactors and microfluidic systems has been expanded in different fields. The emergence of the tissue engineering led to the development of in vitro models cultured in dynamic systems. This is particularly relevant considering the urgent reduction of the total dependence on animal disease models that is undermining the development of novel drugs, using alternatively human-based models to make the drug discovery process more reliable. The failure out coming from animal models has been more prevalent in certain types of cancer, such as glioblastoma multiform and in high-grade metastatic cancers like bone metastasis of breast or prostatic cancer. The difficulty in obtaining novel drugs for these purposes is mostly linked to the barriers around the tumors, which these bioactive molecules have to overcome to become effective. For that reason, the individualized study of each interface is paramount and is only realistic once applying human-based samples (e.g. cells or tissues) in three-dimensions for in vitro modeling under dynamic conditions. In this chapter, the most recent approaches to model these interfaces in 3D systems will be explored, highlighting their major contributions to the field. In this section, these systems' impact on increased knowledge in relevant aspects of cancer aggressiveness as invasive or motile cellular capacity, or even resistance to chemotherapeutic agents will have particular focus. The last section of this chapter will focus on the integration of the tumor interfaces in dynamic systems, particularly its application on high-throughput drug screening. The industrial translation of such platforms will be discussed, as well as the main upcoming challenges and future perspectives.
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