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Zhong D, Lu Z, Xia Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Li M, Song X, Wang Y, Moon A, Qiu HJ, Li Y, Sun Y. Ferritin Nanoparticle Delivery of the E2 Protein of Classical Swine Fever Virus Completely Protects Pigs from Lethal Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:629. [PMID: 38932358 PMCID: PMC11209039 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), results in significant economic losses to the swine industry in many countries. Vaccination represents the primary strategy to control CSF and the CSFV E2 protein is known as the major protective antigen. However, the E2 protein expressed or presented by different systems elicits distinct immune responses. In this study, we established a stable CHO cell line to express the E2 protein and delivered it using self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles (NPs). Subsequently, we compared the adaptive immune responses induced by the E2-ferritin NPs and the monomeric E2 protein produced by the CHO cells or a baculovirus expression system. The results revealed that the NP-delivered E2 protein elicited higher titers of neutralizing antibodies than did the monomeric E2 protein in pigs. Importantly, only the NP-delivered E2 protein significantly induced CSFV-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells. Furthermore, all the pigs inoculated with the E2-ferritin NPs were completely protected from a lethal CSFV challenge infection. These findings demonstrate the ability of the E2-ferritin NPs to protect pigs against the lethal CSFV challenge by eliciting robust humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yanjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Assad Moon
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Li J, Miller LC, Sang Y. Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:606. [PMID: 38932335 PMCID: PMC11209547 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a formidable challenge for the global pig industry. Caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), this disease primarily affects porcine reproductive and respiratory systems, undermining effective host interferon and other immune responses, resulting in vaccine ineffectiveness. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments for PRRSV, vaccines play a crucial role in managing the disease. The current market features a range of vaccine technologies, including live, inactivated, subunit, DNA, and vector vaccines, but only modified live virus (MLV) and killed virus (KV) vaccines are commercially available for PRRS control. Live vaccines are promoted for their enhanced protective effectiveness, although their ability to provide cross-protection is modest. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines are emphasized for their safety profile but are limited in their protective efficacy. This review updates the current knowledge on PRRS vaccines' interactions with the host interferon system, and other immunological aspects, to assess their current status and evaluate advents in PRRSV vaccine development. It presents the strengths and weaknesses of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines in the prevention and management of PRRS, aiming to inspire the development of innovative strategies and technologies for the next generation of PRRS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyi Li
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Laura C. Miller
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
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Wang J, Yan J, Wang S, Chen R, Xing Y, Liu Q, Gao S, Zhu Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Shan T, Tong W, Zheng H, Kong N, Jiang Y, Liu C, Tong G, Yu H. An Expeditious Neutralization Assay for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Based on a Recombinant Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1047-1063. [PMID: 38392184 PMCID: PMC10887926 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the extensive genetic and antigenic variation in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), as well as its rapid mutability and evolution, PRRS prevention and control can be challenging. An expeditious and sensitive neutralization assay for PRRSV is presented to monitor neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in serum during vaccine research. Here, a PRRSV expressing eGFP was successfully rescued with reverse genetics based on the infectious clone HuN4-F112-eGFP which we constructed. The fluorescent protein expressions of the reporter viruses remained stable for at least five passages. Based on this reporter virus, the neutralization assay can be easily used to evaluate the level of NAbs by counting cells with green fluorescence. Compared with the classical CPE assay, the newly developed assay increases sensitivity by one- to four-fold at the early antibody response stage, thus saving 2 days of assay waiting time. By using this assay to unveil the dynamics of neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV, priming immunity through either a single virulent challenge or only vaccination could produce limited NAbs, but re-infection with PRRSV would induce a faster and stronger NAb response. Overall, the novel HuN4-F112-eGFP-based neutralization assay holds the potential to provide a highly efficient platform for evaluating the next generation of PRRS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiecong Yan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuaiyong Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ronglin Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanru Xing
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingyan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuolei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Song H, Abdullah SW, Pei C, Shi X, Chen X, Ma Y, Yin S, Sun S, Huang Y, Guo H. Self-Assembling E2-Based Nanoparticles Improve Vaccine Thermostability and Protective Immunity against CSFV. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:596. [PMID: 38203765 PMCID: PMC10778992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing significant economic losses in the swine industry. Conventional inactivated or attenuated live vaccines for classical swine fever (CSF) are effective but face biosafety concerns and cannot distinguish vaccinated animals from those infected with the field virus, complicating CSF eradication efforts. It is noteworthy that nanoparticle (NP)-based vaccines resemble natural viruses in size and antigen structure, and offer an alternative tool to circumvent these limitations. In this study, we developed an innovative vaccine delivery scaffold utilizing self-assembled mi3 NPs, which form stable structures carrying the CSFV E2 glycoprotein. The expressed yeast E2-fused protein (E2-mi3 NPs) exhibited robust thermostability (25 to 70 °C) and long-term storage stability at room temperature (25 °C). Interestingly, E2-mi3 NPs made with this technology elicited enhanced antigen uptake by RAW264.7 cells. In a rabbit model, the E2-mi3 NP vaccine against CSFV markedly increased CSFV-specific neutralizing antibody titers. Importantly, it conferred complete protection in rabbits challenged with the C-strain of CSFV. Furthermore, we also found that the E2-mi3 NP vaccines triggered stronger cellular (T-lymphocyte proliferation, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12p70) and humoral (CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, and IL-4) immune responses in pigs than the E2 vaccines. To sum up, these structure-based, self-assembled mi3 NPs provide valuable insights for novel antiviral strategies against the constantly infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Chenchen Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Xiaoni Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Yuqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuanghui Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.W.A.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Mo Q, Wang H, He W, Lin S, Xie X, Wang Y, Wang X, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Huang W, Wei Z. Simultaneous expression of three reporter proteins from a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-based vector. J Virol Methods 2023; 316:114711. [PMID: 36921673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of discontinuous transcription for the synthesis of a series of sub-genomic mRNAs to express the structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) potentially allows for the simultaneous expression of multiple foreign genes. This can occur by insertion of multiple novel independent transcription units between the ORF sequences of the PRRSV genome. Here, an expression cassette consisting of a red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene flanked at its 3' end by transcription-regulating sequences (TRS) and an expression cassette consisting of an iLOV gene flanked at its 5' end by TRS, was constructed. The resulting expression cassette containing a RFP and an iLOV gene were introduced between ORF1b and 2 as well as ORF7 and 3'UTR, respectively, in an infectious PRRSV cDNA clone. Transfection of the resulting clone (pGX-12RFP-73iLOV) into cells resulted in the recovery of a recombinant virus (rGX-12RFP-73iLOV). Simultaneous expression of RFP and iLOV was observed in MARC-145 cells infected with rGX-RFP-iLOV. To test the ability of the PRRSV genome to express all three reporter genes simultaneously, an expression cassette containing the Gluc gene and one containing the iLOV gene were also inserted in between ORF1b and 2 as well as ORF7 and 3'UTR, respectively. This was performed in a recently obtained infectious PRRSV cDNA clone carrying a RFP gene in nsp2. Transfection of the construct (pGX-R-Gluc-iLOV) carrying the three reporter genes into cells allowed the rescue of the recombinant reporter virus (rGX-R-Gluc-iLOV) which showed similar growth characteristics to the parental virus but yielded 100-fold less infectious viruses. Fluorescence microscopy of cells infected with rGX-R-Gluc-iLOV demonstrated the presence of both RFP and iLOV genes. Gluc activities in supernatants harvested at different time points from cells infected with recombinant viruses carrying Gluc showed increased levels of Gluc activity as the infection progressed. This indicated that Gluc gene as well as its activity were acceptable parameters to monitor viral propagation. Our results indicate that it is possible to introduce at least three foreign proteins simultaneously in a PRRSV-based vector and such studies will prove invaluable in our future understanding of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Mo
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wei He
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Siyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xindong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning 530005, China.
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Li L, Qiao S, Liu J, Zhou Y, Tong W, Dong S, Liu C, Jiang Y, Guo Z, Zheng H, Zhao R, Tong G, Li G, Gao F. A highly efficient indirect ELISA and monoclonal antibody established against African swine fever virus pK205R. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1103166. [PMID: 36700212 PMCID: PMC9868132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious infectious disease with high lethality which continuously threatens the global pig industry causing huge economic losses. Currently, there are no commercially available vaccines or antiviral drugs that can effectively control ASF. The pathogen of ASF, ASF virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome ranging from 170 to 193 kb and 151 to 167 open reading frames in various strains, which encodes 150-200 proteins. An effective method of monitoring ASFV antibodies, and specific antibodies against ASFV to promote the development of prevention techniques are urgently needed. In the present study, pK205R of ASFV was successfully expressed in mammalian cells using a suspension culture system. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the purified pK205R was established and optimized. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against pK205R recognized a conservative linear epitope (2VEPREQFFQDLLSAV16) and exhibited specific reactivity, which was conducive to the identification of the recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) expressing pK205R. The ELISA method efficiently detected clinical ASFV infection and revealed good application prospects in monitoring the antibody level in vivo for recombinant PRRSV live vector virus expressing the ASFV antigen protein. The determination of the conserved linear epitope of pK205R would contribute to further research on the structural biology and function of pK205R. The indirect ELISA method and mAb against ASFV pK205R revealed efficient detection and promising application prospects, making them ideal for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine research on ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Guoxin Li, ; Fei Gao,
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Guoxin Li, ; Fei Gao,
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7
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Jiang Y, Gao F, Li L, Zhou Y, Tong W, Yu L, Zhang Y, Zhao K, Zhu H, Liu C, Li G, Tong G. The rPRRSV-E2 strain exhibited a low level of potential risk for virulence reversion. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1128863. [PMID: 36960147 PMCID: PMC10027928 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1128863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) are two important pathogens, which cause serious impact on swine industry worldwide. In our previous research, rPRRSV-E2, the recombinant PRRSV expressing CSFV E2 protein, could provide sufficient protection against the lethal challenge of highly pathogenic PRRSV and CSFV, and could maintained genetically stable in vitro. Here, to evaluate the virulence reversion potential risk, rPRRSV-E2 had been continuously passaged in vivo, the stability of E2 expression and virulence of the passage viruses were analyzed. The results showed that no clinical symptoms or pathological changes could be found in the inoculated groups, and there were no significant differences of viraemia among the test groups. Sequencing and IFA analysis showed that the coding gene of exogenous CSFV E2 protein existed in the passaged viruses without any sequence mutations, deletions or insertions, and could expressed steadily. It could be concluded that the foreign CSFV E2 gene in the genome of rPRRSV-E2 could be maintained genetically stable in vivo, and rPRRSV-E2 strain had relatively low level of potential risk for virulence reversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Jiang
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxin Li
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Guangzhi Tong
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8
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Li L, Qiao S, Li G, Tong W, Dong S, Liu J, Guo Z, Zheng H, Zhao R, Tong G, Zhou Y, Gao F. The Indirect ELISA and Monoclonal Antibody against African Swine Fever Virus p17 Revealed Efficient Detection and Application Prospects. Viruses 2022; 15:50. [PMID: 36680090 PMCID: PMC9865993 DOI: 10.3390/v15010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2018, the outbreak and prevalence of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in China have caused huge economic losses. Less virulent ASFVs emerged in 2020, which led to difficulties and challenges for early diagnosis and control of African swine fever (ASF) in China. An effective method of monitoring ASFV antibodies and specific antibodies against ASFV to promote the development of prevention techniques are urgently needed. In the present study, ASFV p17 was successfully expressed in CHO cells using a suspension culture system. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on purified p17 was established and optimized. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against p17 recognized a conservative linear epitope (3TETSPLLSH11) and exhibited specific reactivity, which was conducive to the identification of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) expressing p17. The ELISA method efficiently detected clinical ASFV infection and effectively monitored the antibody levels in vivo after recombinant PRRSV live vector virus expressing p17 vaccination. Overall, the determination of the conserved linear epitope of p17 would contribute to the in-depth exploration of the biological function of the ASFV antigen protein. The indirect ELISA method and mAb against ASFV p17 revealed efficient detection and promising application prospects, making them ideal for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine research on ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen 361009, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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9
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Lu X, Ward MP. Spatiotemporal analysis of reported classical swine fever outbreaks in China (2005-2018) and the influence of weather. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3183-e3195. [PMID: 35007396 PMCID: PMC9787383 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a viral disease that causes enormous economic losses in the swine industry in endemic countries including China. The aims of the current study were to describe the spatial distribution of annual CSF reports in China from 2005 to 2018, identify spatiotemporal clusters of annual CSF reports during this time period and to investigate the correlations between climate factors (rainfall, wind speed, temperature, vapour pressure and relative humidity) and the occurrence of CSF outbreaks. The strongest (Moran's index > 0.19), significant (p < .05) spatial clustering of reported outbreaks was observed during the first 4 years of the study period. This clustering was apparent in the four southern provinces of Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. Five of the six significant (p ≤ .0001) spatiotemporal clusters occurred during the period 2005-2012. These were widely dispersed, with four clusters persisting for only 1 or 2 years, whereas two clusters (Jiangxi and Yunnan) persisted for 8 and 7 years, respectively. As a result of implementation of a national animal disease control plan and increasing coverage of vaccination, CSF outbreaks in China have generally been controlled and reduced, becoming sporadic in most provinces by 2018. We also confirmed that low relative humidity and high wind speed were significant weather variables associated with the occurrence of CSF. Furthermore, our study has confirmed that CSF is still endemic in some Chinese provinces, and we recommend that the national CSF control protocol be updated and standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenAustralia
| | - Michael P. Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenAustralia
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10
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Establishment and Application of a Quantitative PCR Method for E248R Gene of African Swine Fever Virus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080417. [PMID: 36006332 PMCID: PMC9416645 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary African swine fever (ASF) is the most serious animal disease that endangers the pig industry in China, causing the heaviest economic loss so far. Effective prevention and control of ASF is necessary for China’s pig industry, and also the focus and hotspot of global swine industry disease prevention and control research. In view of this, rapid, specific and sensitive diagnosis of ASF is of great significance. In this study, ASF virus (ASFV) E248R gene was selected to be the target for establishing a real-time PCR method which did not cross-react with other porcine viruses that could cause similar symptoms. The detection methods can be used for the efficient detection of ASFV infection and the recombinant live-vectored virus-expressing antigen protein of ASFV. Abstract ASF has caused huge economic losses to China’s swine industry. As clinical symptoms of ASF were difficult to distinguish from classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), rapid and effective differential diagnosis of ASFV seems very important to control the spread of the disease. In this study, the ASFV E248R gene was selected to be the target for establishing a real-time PCR method. TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of ASFV E248R gene did not cross-react with other porcine viruses that could cause similar symptoms. The results of the repeatability test showed that the coefficients of variation between and within groups were lower than 1.977%. This method can be used for the rapid detection and early diagnosis of ASF. Meanwhile, the recombinant PRRS virus (PRRSV)-expressing E248R gene of ASFV was constructed and rescued by using the reverse genetic platform of live-attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The ASFV E248R gene can be detected by using this real-time PCR detection method, confirming that the ASFV E248R gene could be stably amplified in PRRSV genome at least 20 cell passages. The detection methods can be used for the efficient detection of the ASFV infection and recombinant PRRSV live vector virus-expressing ASFV antigen protein.
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11
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Li Y, Ren C, Li C, Xiao Y, Zhou Y. A Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Stably Expressing a Gaussia Luciferase for Antiviral Drug Screening Assay and Luciferase-Based Neutralization Assay. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907281. [PMID: 35633700 PMCID: PMC9136234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reverse genetics system is a valuable tool in the virological study of RNA viruses. With the availability of reverse genetics, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been utilized as a viral vector for the expression of foreign genes of interest. Here, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of a highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) TA-12 strain. Using this cDNA clone, we generated a reporter virus expressing a gaussia luciferase (Gluc) via an additional subgenomic RNA between ORF7 and 3′UTR. This reporter virus exhibited similar growth kinetics to the wild-type (WT) virus and remained genetically stable for at least ten passages in MARC-145 cells. In cells infected with this reporter virus, the correlation between the expression levels of Gluc in culture media and the virus titers suggested that Gluc is a good indicator of the reporter virus infection. With this reporter virus, we further established the Gluc readout-based assays for antiviral drug screening and serum neutralizing antibody detection that exhibited comparable performance to the classical assays. Taken together, we established a reverse genetics system of HP-PRRSV and generated a novel reporter virus that could serve as a valuable tool for antiviral drug screening and serum neutralizing antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhua Li,
| | - Cicheng Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yanyang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Cao Z, Chen J, Li L, Liu J, Tong W, Zhou Y, Tong G, Wang G, Gao F. A rescued NADC30-like virus by reverse genetic manipulation exhibits moderate virulence and a promising application perspective. Virus Res 2022; 316:198801. [PMID: 35550390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is highly homologous to the NADC30 strain isolated in the United States. The NADC30-like PRRSV was first reported in 2014 in China, where it spread and gradually caused an epidemic. Currently, growing research has shown that NADC30-like strains have greater propensity to recombine with other PRRSV strains, particularly the PPRSV vaccine virus used clinically, making the prevention and control of PRRSV highly complex. To carry out an in-depth molecular biology and virulence analysis, a full-length infectious clone of the NADC30-like strain was successfully constructed and rescued by reverse genetic manipulation. The rescued virus, rZJqz, was indistinguishable from its parental virus, ZJqz21, based on virological characteristics. Further animal experiments demonstrated that rZJqz retained similar pathogenicity and induced the typical clinical symptoms and viral shedding observed in the ZJqz21 challenge model. Together, these results provide a useful tool for further study of the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of NADC30-like strains. Moreover, these findings also provide a solid foundation for studying the recombination of different PRRSVs and developing new and effective universal vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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13
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Li F, Li B, Niu X, Chen W, Li Y, Wu K, Li X, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Yi L. The Development of Classical Swine Fever Marker Vaccines in Recent Years. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040603. [PMID: 35455351 PMCID: PMC9026404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease that has caused serious economic losses for the global pig industry and is widely prevalent worldwide. In recent decades, CSF has been effectively controlled through compulsory vaccination with a live CSF vaccine (C strain). It has been successfully eradicated in some countries or regions. However, the re-emergence of CSF in Japan and Romania, where it had been eradicated, has brought increased attention to the disease. Because the traditional C-strain vaccine cannot distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA), this makes it difficult to fight CSF. The emergence of marker vaccines is considered to be an effective strategy for the decontamination of CSF. This paper summarizes the progress of the new CSF marker vaccine and provides a detailed overview of the vaccine design ideas and immunization effects. It also provides a methodology for the development of a new generation of vaccines for CSF and vaccine development for other significant epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bingke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinni Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (L.Y.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (L.Y.)
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14
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Li L, Chen J, Cao Z, Cao Y, Guo Z, Tong W, Zhou Y, Li G, Jiang Y, Liu C, Yu L, Qiao S, Liu J, Tong G, Gao F. Recombinant Bivalent Live Vectored Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever and HP-PRRS Revealed Adequate Heterogeneous Protection Against NADC30-Like Strain. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:822749. [PMID: 35069517 PMCID: PMC8767063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.822749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombinant bivalent live vectored vaccine rPRRSV-E2 has been proved to be a favorable genetic engineering vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRS). NADC30-like strains have recently emerged in China and caused severe disease, and it is necessary to evaluate the vaccine candidate for the currently circulating viruses. This study established a good challenge model to evaluate the candidate rPRRSV-E2 vaccine in preventing infection with a representative NADC30-like strain (ZJqz21). It was shown that the challenge control piglets displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV, including a persistent fever, dyspnea, moderate interstitial pneumonia, lymph node congestion, and viremia. In contrast, the rPRRSV-E2 vaccination significantly alleviated the clinical signs, yielded a high level of antibodies, provided adequate protection against challenge with ZJqz21, and inhibited viral shedding and the viral load in target tissues. Our results demonstrated that the recombinant bivalent live vectored vaccine strain rPRRSV-E2 can provide efficient protection against the challenge of heterologous circulating NADC30-like strain and could be a promising vaccine candidate for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengda Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlei Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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15
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Zhao D, Yang B, Yuan X, Shen C, Zhang D, Shi X, Zhang T, Cui H, Yang J, Chen X, Hao Y, Zheng H, Zhang K, Liu X. Advanced Research in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Co-infection With Other Pathogens in Swine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:699561. [PMID: 34513970 PMCID: PMC8426627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.699561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the pathogen causing epidemics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and is present in every major swine-farming country in the world. Previous studies have demonstrated that PRRSV infection leads to a range of consequences, such as persistent infection, secondary infection, and co-infection, and is common among pigs in the field. In recent years, coinfection of PRRSV and other porcine pathogens has occurred often, making it more difficult to define and diagnose PRRSV-related diseases. The study of coinfections may be extremely suitable for the current prevention and control in the field. However, there is a limited understanding of coinfection. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on the epidemiology of PRRSV coinfection with other pathogens in swine, both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengshuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huimei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Research Progress and Challenges in Vaccine Development against Classical Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030445. [PMID: 33801868 PMCID: PMC7998128 DOI: 10.3390/v13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is one of the most devastating viral epizootic diseases of swine in many countries. To control the disease, highly efficacious and safe live attenuated vaccines have been used for decades. However, the main drawback of these conventional vaccines is the lack of differentiability of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA concept). Advances in biotechnology and our detailed knowledge of multiple basic science disciplines have facilitated the development of effective and safer DIVA vaccines to control CSF. To date, two types of DIVA vaccines have been developed commercially, including the subunit vaccines based on CSFV envelope glycoprotein E2 and chimeric pestivirus vaccines based on infectious cDNA clones of CSFV or bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Although inoculation of these vaccines successfully induces solid immunity against CSFV, none of them could ideally meet all demands regarding to safety, efficacy, DIVA potential, and marketability. Due to the limitations of the available choices, researchers are still striving towards the development of more advanced DIVA vaccines against CSF. This review summarizes the present status of candidate CSFV vaccines that have been developed. The strategies and approaches revealed here may also be helpful for the development of new-generation vaccines against other diseases.
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17
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Gao F, Jiang Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Zhao K, Zhu H, Li L, Yu L, Zheng H, Zhou Y, Tong W, Tong G. Immune duration of a recombinant PRRSV vaccine expressing E2 of CSFV. Vaccine 2020; 38:7956-7962. [PMID: 33131934 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are both important pathogens which seriously harm the economic swine industry worldwide. We have previously demonstrated that rPRRSV-E2 is a promising live, virus-vectored vaccine that provides 100% protection against highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) and CSFV. Here, we evaluated the duration of immunity (DOI) of the vaccine strain, rPRRSV-E2. Vaccine or cell culture medium was administered to piglets at 4 weeks of age. All immunized piglets developed high levels of antibodies, which could maintain for up to 23 weeks, against PRRSV and CSFV. All immunized pigs were well protected from the challenge of HP-PRRSV or CSFV at 20 weeks and 24 weeks post vaccination. The vaccine protection rate was still 100% at 24 weeks after immunization. The immune efficacy results showed that the immune duration of rPRRSV-E2 could be up to 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Liwei Li
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wu Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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18
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Wang H, Xie X, He W, Wang Y, Ren T, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Huang W, Wei Z. Generation of a Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Stably Expressing Two Marker Genes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:548282. [PMID: 33195521 PMCID: PMC7641969 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.548282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been used as a gene expression vector in the development of vaccines. Most of these recombinant PRRSV vectors express only a single foreign gene through either an internal insertion in the hypervariable region of nsp2 or expression cassette and some of these recombinant vectors are genetically unstable. Here, we combined internal insertion in nsp2 and expression cassette methods to generate a novel recombinant PRRSV stably expressing the red fluorescence protein (RFP) and the green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes. Biological characteristic analysis of the recombinant PRRSV carrying the two marker genes, rGX-RFP-GFP, showed that it displayed similar growth kinetics and yet it yielded less infectious viruses when compared to the parental virus rGXAM. Co-expression of both the RFP and GFP was observed using confocal fluorescence microscopy when the rGX-RFP-GFP viruses infected MARC-145 cells. Furthermore, the PRRSV-based two-marker gene expression vector is genetically stable during 20 serial passages in MARC-145 cells. These data demonstrate that it is possible to express two interested immunogens from a single PRRSV vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei He
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongwei Ren
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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19
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Ganges L, Crooke HR, Bohórquez JA, Postel A, Sakoda Y, Becher P, Ruggli N. Classical swine fever virus: the past, present and future. Virus Res 2020; 289:198151. [PMID: 32898613 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is among the most relevant viral epizootic diseases of swine. Due to its severe economic impact, CSF is notifiable to the world organisation for animal health. Strict control policies, including systematic stamping out of infected herds with and without vaccination, have permitted regional virus eradication. Nevertheless, CSF virus (CSFV) persists in certain areas of the world and has re-emerged regularly. This review summarizes the basic established knowledge in the field and provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the recent advances in fundamental CSFV research, diagnostics and vaccine development. It covers the latest discoveries on the genetic diversity of pestiviruses, with implications for taxonomy, the progress in understanding disease pathogenesis, immunity against acute and persistent infections, and the recent findings in virus-host interactions and virulence determinants. We also review the progress and pitfalls in the improvement of diagnostic tools and the challenges in the development of modern and efficacious marker vaccines compatible with serological tests for disease surveillance. Finally, we highlight the gaps that require research efforts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Helen R Crooke
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, APHA-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Jose Alejandro Bohórquez
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Postel
- EU & OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Paul Becher
- EU & OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Evaluation of immune efficacy of recombinant PRRSV vectored vaccine rPRRSV-E2 in piglets with maternal derived antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2020; 248:108833. [PMID: 32891948 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently live attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines are widely used in Chinese swine herds. However, the mutual effects of vaccination procedures and severe stress caused by successive vaccinations harm piglets and make it difficult to stimulate robust and effective immune responses. In our previous study, a recombinant PRRS virus (PRRSV) vectored vaccine candidate rPRRSV-E2, which expresses CSF virus (CSFV) E2 protein, has been demonstrated being able to protect piglets against lethal challenge of highly-pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV and CSFV. In this study, we determine whether preexisting maternally derived antibodies (MDA) interfere with the immune efficacy of rPRRSV-E2. 8 experimental groups of piglets, with or without PRRSV MDAs or CSFV MDAs were immunized with a single dose of 105 TCID50 rPRRSV-E2 or DMEM and challenged with HP-PRRSV or CSFV. Clinical characteristics, PRRSV- or CSFV-specific antibodies, viremia and pathological changes were monitored, examined and analyzed. The results showed that rPRRSV-E2-vaccinated piglets, either with or without MDAs directed against PRRSV or CSFV were completely protected from the lethal challenge of HP-PRRSV or CSFV. These results demonstrate that the MDAs do not interfere with the immune efficacy of rPRRSV-E2, which indicates that rPRRSV-E2 could have great significance in the effective prevention and control of HP-PRRSV and CSFV.
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21
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Generation of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing a marker gene inserted between ORF4 and ORF5a. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1803-1813. [PMID: 32474688 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the availability of reverse genetics systems for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has created new perspectives for the use of recombinant viruses as expression vectors. Most of these recombinant PRRSV vectors express foreign genes through either an independent transcription unit inserted in ORF1b and ORF2, or in ORF7 and the 3' UTR. The aim of this study was to find an alternative site for foreign gene insertion into the PRRSV genome. Here, we constructed an infectious cDNA clone for a cell-adapted PRRSV strain, GXNN1396-P96. This cDNA-clone-derived recombinant virus (rGXAM) was comparable in its growth kinetics in MARC-145 cells to the parental virus, GX1396-P96. Using the infectious cDNA-clone, we inserted an independent transcription unit in ORF4 and ORF5a to generate a novel PRRSV-based recombinant virus expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Biological characterization of the recombinant virus, rGX45BSTRS-GFP, showed that it maintained similar growth characteristics but produced fewer infectious virions than the parental PRRSV. These data demonstrate that the ORF4 and ORF5a site is able to tolerate the insertion of foreign genes.
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22
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Xu H, Wang Y, Han G, Fang W, He F. Identification of E2 with improved secretion and immunogenicity against CSFV in piglets. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 32019519 PMCID: PMC7001342 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-1713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) cause significant economic losses in the swine industry. Vaccination is the major method to prevent and control the disease. As live attenuated vaccines fail to elicit differentiable immunity between infected and vaccinated animals, subunit vaccine was considered as an alternative candidate to prevent and eradicate CSFV. Subunit vaccines present advantages in DIVA immunogenicity and safety. The technology was limited due to the low yield and the high cost with multiple and large doses. The native E2 signal peptide has not been well defined before. Here, the aim of this study is to develop a cost-effective and efficacious E2 vaccine candidate against CSFV with signal peptide and E2 sequence selection. RESULTS A novel CSFV E2 sequence (E2ZJ) was identified from an epidemic strain of Zhejiang for outstanding secretion in baculovirus and enhanced immunogenicity. E2 secretion induced with the selected signal peptide, SPZJ (SP23), increase at least 50% as compared to any other signal peptides tested. Besides, unique antigenic features were identified in E2ZJ. As indicated with immunized sera in IFA against CSFV infection, E2ZJ elicited CSFV antibodies at the earlier stage than other E2 types tested in mice. Moreover, higher level of neutralizing and CSFV antibodies against CSFV with E2ZJ was detected than other E2s with the same dosage at 28 dpi. Further, E2ZJ successfully elicited neutralizing immunity in piglets. A single dose of 5 μg of E2ZJ was sufficient to induce protective antibodies against CSFV in piglets and provided 100% protection against lethal virus challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide evidence that E2ZJ guided by a novel E2 signal peptide (SPZJ) was efficiently secreted and presented significantly improved immunogenicity than conventional E2 vaccines. Moreover, a single dose of 5 μg E2ZJ is efficacious against CSFV in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Han
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Tong W, Zheng H, Li GX, Gao F, Shan TL, Zhou YJ, Yu H, Jiang YF, Yu LX, Li LW, Kong N, Tong GZ, Li JC. Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) protects against both virulent pseudorabies virus and CSFV. Antiviral Res 2019; 173:104652. [PMID: 31751590 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both classical swine fever (CSF) and pseudorabies are highly contagious, economically significant diseases of swine in China. Although vaccination with the C-strain against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is widely carried out and severe outbreaks of CSF seldom occur in China, CSF is sporadic in many pig herds and novel sub-subgenotypes of CSFV endlessly emerge. Thus, new measures are needed to eradicate CSFV from Chinese farms. The emergence of a pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant also posed a new challenge for the control of swine pseudorabies. Here, the recombinant PRV strain JS-2012-ΔgE/gI-E2 expressing E2 protein of CSFV was developed by inserting the E2 expression cassette into the intergenic region between the gG and gD genes of the gE/gI-deletion PRV variant strain JS-2012-ΔgE/gI. The recombinant virus was stable when passaged in vitro. A single vaccination of JS-2012-ΔgE/gI-E2 via intramuscular injection fully protected against lethal challenges of PRV and CSFV. Vaccination of piglets with the recombinant JS-2012-ΔgE/gI-E2 in the presence of high levels of maternally derived antibodies (Abs) to PRV can provide partial protection against lethal challenge of CSFV. Vaccination of the recombinant PRV JS-2012-ΔgE/gI-E2 strain did not induce the production of Abs to the gE protein of PRV or to the CSFV proteins other than E2. Thus, JS-2012-ΔgE/gI-E2 appears to be a promising recombinant marker vaccine candidate against PRV and CSFV for the control and eradication of the PRV variant and CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guo-Xin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tong-Ling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi-Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ling-Xue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Li-Wei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Ji-Chang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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24
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Li L, Zhao K, Gao F, Jiang Y, Shan T, Tong W, Zheng H, Yu L, Li G, Ma Z, Tong G. Restriction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by galectin-1. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:310-318. [PMID: 31383318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes great economic losses to the swine industry globally; however, effective control measures for this virus are limited. Here, we screened a porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cDNA library with a yeast two-hybrid system to reveal that galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous innate immune protein encoded by LGALS1, interacts with nonstructural protein 11 (Nsp11) of PRRSV. Western blotting and viral titer assays indicated that Gal-1 overexpression suppressed replication in multiple PRRSV strains (P < 0.001), whereas Gal-1 knockdown or knockout increased viral titer and nucleocapsid protein expression. The Gal-1-specific anti-PRRSV effect was associated with the endoribonuclease domain of Nsp11 through inactivation of interferon-antagonist function and stimulation of interferon-stimulated gene expression. Additionally, Gal-1 interacted with PRRSV E protein but not with PRRSV glycoproteins, and recombinant Gal-1 treatment inhibited PRRSV in PAMs and MARC-145 cells. Furthermore, Gal-1 inhibited replication in multiple viruses, including equine arteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and classical swine fever virus, suggesting its potential broad application for antiviral strategies. Our findings provide insight into the important role of Gal-1 in PRRSV pathogenesis and its potential use as a novel therapeutic target against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Zhou B. Classical Swine Fever in China-An Update Minireview. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:187. [PMID: 31249837 PMCID: PMC6584753 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) remains one of the most economically important viral diseases of domestic pigs and wild boar worldwide. The causative agent is CSF virus, it is highly contagious, with high morbidity and mortality rates; as such, it is an OIE-listed disease. Owing to a nationwide policy of vaccinations of pigs, CSF is well-controlled in China, with large-scale outbreaks rarely seen. Sporadic outbreaks are however still reported every year. In order to cope with future crises and to eradicate CSF, China should strengthen and support biosecurity measures such as the timely reporting of suspected disease, technologies for reliable diagnoses, culling infected herds, and tracing possible contacts, as well as continued vaccination and support of research into drug and genetic therapies. This mini-review summarizes the epidemiology of and control strategies for CSF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Zhang H, Wen W, Zhao Z, Wang J, Chen H, Qian P, Li X. Enhanced protective immunity to CSFV E2 subunit vaccine by using IFN-γ as immunoadjuvant in weaning piglets. Vaccine 2018; 36:7353-7360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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