1
|
Vashishtha VM, Kumar P. The durability of vaccine-induced protection: an overview. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:389-408. [PMID: 38488132 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2331065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current vaccines vary widely in both their efficacy against infection and disease, and the durability of the efficacy. Some vaccines provide practically lifelong protection with a single dose, while others provide only limited protection following annual boosters. What variables make vaccine-induced immune responses last? Can breakthroughs in these factors and technologies help us produce vaccines with better protection and fewer doses? The durability of vaccine-induced protection is now a hot area in vaccinology research, especially after COVID-19 vaccines lost their luster. It has fueled discussion on the eventual utility of existing vaccines to society and bolstered the anti-vaxxer camp. To sustain public trust in vaccines, lasting vaccines must be developed. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes licensed vaccines' protection. It analyses immunological principles and vaccine and vaccinee parameters that determine longevity of antibodies. The review concludes with challenges and the way forward to improve vaccine durability. EXPERT OPINION Despite enormous advances, we still lack essential markers and reliable correlates of lasting protection. Most research has focused on humoral immune responses, but we must also focus on innate, mucosal, and cellular responses - their assessment, correlates, determinants, and novel adjuvants. Suitable vaccine designs and platforms for durable immunity must be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin M Vashishtha
- Department of Pediatrics, Mangla Hospital & Research Center, Shakti Chowk, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pediatrician, Kumar Child Clinic, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dudley MZ, Gerber JE, Budigan Ni H, Blunt M, Holroyd TA, Carleton BC, Poland GA, Salmon DA. Vaccinomics: A scoping review. Vaccine 2023; 41:2357-2367. [PMID: 36803903 PMCID: PMC10065969 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review summarizes a key aspect of vaccinomics by collating known associations between heterogeneity in human genetics and vaccine immunogenicity and safety. METHODS We searched PubMed for articles in English using terms covering vaccines routinely recommended to the general US population, their effects, and genetics/genomics. Included studies were controlled and demonstrated statistically significant associations with vaccine immunogenicity or safety. Studies of Pandemrix®, an influenza vaccine previously used in Europe, were also included, due to its widely publicized genetically mediated association with narcolepsy. FINDINGS Of the 2,300 articles manually screened, 214 were included for data extraction. Six included articles examined genetic influences on vaccine safety; the rest examined vaccine immunogenicity. Hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity was reported in 92 articles and associated with 277 genetic determinants across 117 genes. Thirty-three articles identified 291 genetic determinants across 118 genes associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity, 22 articles identified 311 genetic determinants across 110 genes associated with rubella vaccine immunogenicity, and 25 articles identified 48 genetic determinants across 34 genes associated with influenza vaccine immunogenicity. Other vaccines had fewer than 10 studies each identifying genetic determinants of their immunogenicity. Genetic associations were reported with 4 adverse events following influenza vaccination (narcolepsy, GBS, GCA/PMR, high temperature) and 2 adverse events following measles vaccination (fever, febrile seizure). CONCLUSION This scoping review identified numerous genetic associations with vaccine immunogenicity and several genetic associations with vaccine safety. Most associations were only reported in one study. This illustrates both the potential of and need for investment in vaccinomics. Current research in this field is focused on systems and genetic-based studies designed to identify risk signatures for serious vaccine reactions or diminished vaccine immunogenicity. Such research could bolster our ability to develop safer and more effective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Gerber
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Survey Research Division, RTI International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haley Budigan Ni
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Office of Health Equity, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine Blunt
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor A Holroyd
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce C Carleton
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel A Salmon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biselli R, Nisini R, Lista F, Autore A, Lastilla M, De Lorenzo G, Peragallo MS, Stroffolini T, D’Amelio R. A Historical Review of Military Medical Strategies for Fighting Infectious Diseases: From Battlefields to Global Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2050. [PMID: 36009598 PMCID: PMC9405556 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental conditions generated by war and characterized by poverty, undernutrition, stress, difficult access to safe water and food as well as lack of environmental and personal hygiene favor the spread of many infectious diseases. Epidemic typhus, plague, malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis, tetanus, and smallpox have nearly constantly accompanied wars, frequently deeply conditioning the outcome of battles/wars more than weapons and military strategy. At the end of the nineteenth century, with the birth of bacteriology, military medical researchers in Germany, the United Kingdom, and France were active in discovering the etiological agents of some diseases and in developing preventive vaccines. Emil von Behring, Ronald Ross and Charles Laveran, who were or served as military physicians, won the first, the second, and the seventh Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering passive anti-diphtheria/tetanus immunotherapy and for identifying mosquito Anopheline as a malaria vector and plasmodium as its etiological agent, respectively. Meanwhile, Major Walter Reed in the United States of America discovered the mosquito vector of yellow fever, thus paving the way for its prevention by vector control. In this work, the military relevance of some vaccine-preventable and non-vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, as well as of biological weapons, and the military contributions to their control will be described. Currently, the civil-military medical collaboration is getting closer and becoming interdependent, from research and development for the prevention of infectious diseases to disasters and emergencies management, as recently demonstrated in Ebola and Zika outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic, even with the high biocontainment aeromedical evacuation, in a sort of global health diplomacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Dipartimento Scientifico, Policlinico Militare, Comando Logistico dell’Esercito, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Autore
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale, Comando Logistico dell’Aeronautica Militare, Viale Piero Gobetti 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Lorenzo
- Comando Generale dell’Arma dei Carabinieri, Dipartimento per l’Organizzazione Sanitaria e Veterinaria, Viale Romania 45, 00197 Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Stefano Peragallo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche di Sanità e Veterinaria, Comando Logistico dell’Esercito, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Stroffolini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele D’Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leidere-Reine A, Kolesova O, Kolesovs A, Viksna L. Seroprevalence of diphtheria and measles antibodies and their association with demographics, self-reported immunity, and immunogenetic factors in healthcare workers in Latvia. Vaccine X 2022; 10:100149. [PMID: 35243323 PMCID: PMC8881727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Latvia is among European countries with outbreaks of diphtheria and measles. Healthcare workers (HCW) are exposed to infections and can transmit them to unvaccinated patients. We assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against diphtheria and measles and their association with demographics, self-reported immunity, the presence of the HLA-B27 allele, and level of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in Latvian HCW. Anti-diphtheria and anti-measles IgG antibodies and the level of IRF5 in serum were tested by enzyme immunoassay. The presence of the HLA-B27 allele was detected by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The study involved 176 HCW, including 29% doctors and 44% nurses. Among HCW, 95.5% were seropositive for diphtheria. However, only 65.9% had full seroprotection against it. The seronegativity for measles (21.6%) was higher than for diphtheria (4.5%) without differences in gender and medical staff groups. Older age was associated with waning immunity against diphtheria and a higher rate of seropositivity for measles. Considered immunogenetic factors did not affect the level of antibodies, and variability of the level of IRF5 in serum can reflect ageing processes. Self-reported vaccination status had a low informative value regarding full seroprotection against diphtheria and seropositivity for measles indicating the need for pre-vaccination IgG screening in planning the booster vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aija Leidere-Reine
- Department of Infectology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 3 Linezera Street, Rīga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Oksana Kolesova
- Department of Infectology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 3 Linezera Street, Rīga LV-1006, Latvia
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Joint Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites Street, Rīga LV-1067, Latvia
- Corresponding author at: 5 Ratsupites Street, Rīga LV-1067, Latvia.
| | - Aleksandrs Kolesovs
- Department of Infectology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 3 Linezera Street, Rīga LV-1006, Latvia
- Faculty of Education, Psychology, and Art, University of Latvia, 1 Imantas 7 line, Rīga LV-1083, Latvia
| | - Ludmila Viksna
- Department of Infectology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 3 Linezera Street, Rīga LV-1006, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tdap Booster Vaccination for Adults: Real-World Adherence to Current Recommendations in Italy and Evaluation of Two Alternative Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074066. [PMID: 35409744 PMCID: PMC8998621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: While the effectiveness of tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis childhood immunization programs is unquestionable, the actual need for a periodic boosting vaccination in adults is controversial. In Italy, the Ministry of Health recommends a Tdap booster vaccination every 10 years. The aim of this study is to assess the real-world adherence of Italian regional healthcare services to national recommendations and to evaluate two alternative strategies. Methods: Annual Tdap vaccine requirements by the 21 Italian regions were retrieved from related tender announcements, and regional and national vaccination coverage rates (VCRs) were estimated for three scenarios, namely the currently recommended 10-year booster vaccination, a single booster shot at age 50 and at age 65. Results: In Scenario 1, no region reached a VCR > 30%, and the national VCR was 10.6%; in Scenario 2, five regions achieved the optimal vaccination coverage of ≥95%, but the vast majority continued to have inadequate VCRs, with a national VCR of 54.4%; in Scenario 3, five regions reached VCRs exceeding 100%, with VCRs from other regions significantly improving and a national VCR of 74.8%. Conclusions: A substantial lack of adherence by Italian regional healthcare services to current national recommendations on tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis adult vaccination was shown. Scenario 3 is the most feasible, i.e., a single booster shot at age 65, possibly administrable along with other already-recommended, age-specific vaccines.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimate the durability of tetanus toxoid (TT) -specific seroprotection in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS PLWH with a last date of TT booster available were identified. TT-specific IgG were detected using commercial ELISA kit. Durability of seroprotection was estimated using linear regression model and analyzed according to the country of birth. The impact of baseline parameters at the time of vaccination (CD4+ T cell count, viral load and ART) was also assessed. RESULTS One-hundred and three subjects were included. The median duration between last TT booster and sampling was 5.6 years (IQR 2.6-8.9). Using linear regression model, half-life of TT-specific antibody was estimated at 9.9 years (95% CI: 5.5-50) in the whole cohort. Half-life was reduced in subjects born outside Europe: 4.4 years (95% CI: 2.9-8.5). PLWH born outside Europe had lower CD4+ T cell count at the time of immunization and more frequently a CD4+ T cell count nadir<200 mm3 before vaccination. CONCLUSIONS PLWH born outside Europe have lower half-life of TT-specific antibody as compared to previous study performed in the general population. Possible causes include lower nadir or current CD4+ T cell count or under-immunization status in country of origin before migration. Longer interval of booster vaccination, as recommended in the general population, might not be appropriate in this subgroup of PLWH.
Collapse
|
7
|
Safety of Multiple Vaccinations and Durability of Vaccine-Induced Antibodies in an Italian Military Cohort 5 Years after Immunization. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010006. [PMID: 35052686 PMCID: PMC8773007 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously examined the safety and immunogenicity of multiple vaccines administered to a military cohort, divided into two groups, the first composed of students at military schools, thus operating inside the national borders for at least 3 years, and the other formed of soldiers periodically engaged in a 9-month-long mission abroad (Lebanon). In the current study, we analyzed 112 individuals of this cohort, 50 pertaining to the first group and 62 to the second group, in order to examine the possible late appearance of side effects and to calculate the half-life of the induced antibodies. Moreover, the possible involvement of B-cell polyclonal activation as a pathogenetic mechanism for long term antibody persistence has even been explored. No late side effects, as far as autoimmunity and/or lymphoproliferation appearance, have been noticed. The long duration of the vaccine induced anti-HAV antibodies has been confirmed, whereas the antibodies induced by tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine have been found to persist above the threshold for putative protection for a longer time, and anti-tetanus, diphtheria, and polio 1 and 3 for a shorter time than previously estimated. No signs of polyclonal B-cell activation have been found, as a possible mechanism to understand the long antibody persistence.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tong L, Jia Q, Li B, Li Z, Qi J, Guo Z, Liu Y. Investigation of the baseline tetanus antibody level and its persistence in a military unit. Vaccine 2021; 39:4328-4334. [PMID: 34147291 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine tetanus antibody levels in army recruits and evaluate the persistence of immunity following tetanus booster immunization in adults. METHODS A total of 680 recruits were selected for observation of their tetanus antibody levels. From 2005 to 2015, 691 peacekeepers with tetanus vaccination were included in the questionnaire-based and serological survey based on cluster stratification. The tetanus antibody-positive rate, geometric mean concentration (GMC), and their respective changes over time were analyzed in different age groups, regions, and years after tetanus booster immunization. RESULTS The positivity rates of tetanus antibodies in the recruits and peacekeepers were 74.85% and 99.86%, respectively (χ2 = 193.00, P < 0.05) and the antibody GMCs were 0.05 and 0.70 IU/mL (t = 15.73, P < 0.05). The antibody positivity rates of recruits from 12 provinces ranged from 47.62% (Hubei) to 100% (Inner Mongolia) (χ2 = 37.24, P < 0.05) and the antibody GMCs ranged from 0.02 (Hubei) to 0.09 IU/mL (Heilongjiang) (F = 5.19, P < 0.01). Among the 691 peacekeepers, no statistically significant difference in antibody positivity rate was detected between men and women. After administration of one booster dose of the tetanus vaccine, a protective antibody level was calculated to persist up to 22 years; a significant difference in antibody levels was observed within 10 years between one and two or more booster doses. CONCLUSION The rate at which recruits tested positive for tetanus antibodies was low. Thus, it is necessary to screen for tetanus antibodies during military recruitment and implement a precision-based booster immunization protocol for tetanus vaccine. Moreover, one dose of the tetanus vaccine booster has been calculated to maintain a protective antibody level up to 22 years, without the need for repeated reinforcements during this period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Tong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command, No. 6 Longshan Road, Huanggu District Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Qingshuai Jia
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command, No. 6 Longshan Road, Huanggu District Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command, No. 6 Longshan Road, Huanggu District Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command, No. 6 Longshan Road, Huanggu District Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Jinrong Qi
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command, No. 6 Longshan Road, Huanggu District Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Zuiyuan Guo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command, No. 6 Longshan Road, Huanggu District Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Yuandong Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command, No. 6 Longshan Road, Huanggu District Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Slifka AM, Park B, Gao L, Slifka MK. Incidence of Tetanus and Diphtheria in Relation to Adult Vaccination Schedules. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:285-292. [PMID: 32095828 PMCID: PMC7840100 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) does not recommend routine adult booster vaccination for tetanus and diphtheria after completion of the childhood vaccination series. However, many countries continue to implement adult booster vaccinations, leading to the question of whether this is necessary to reduce the incidence of these 2 rare diseases. METHODS We conducted an observational cohort study based on WHO case reports from 2001 through 2016. We compared the incidence of tetanus and diphtheria in 31 North American and European countries that either do or do not recommend adult booster vaccination. RESULTS Countries that vaccinate adults every 5-20 years (group 1) were compared with countries that do not routinely vaccinate adults for tetanus or diphtheria (group 2). Comparison of group 1 vs group 2 revealed no significant decline in tetanus incidence rates among countries that vaccinate adults (P = .52; risk ratio [RR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], .36 to 1.70). The risk of contracting diphtheria was increased among countries that vaccinate adults due to inclusion of Latvia, a country that had poor vaccination coverage (P < .001). However, if Latvia is excluded, there is no difference in diphtheria incidence between countries that do or do not routinely vaccinate adults (P = .26; RR = 2.46; 95% CI, .54 to 11.23). CONCLUSIONS Review of >11 billion person-years of incidence data revealed no benefit associated with performing adult booster vaccinations against tetanus or diphtheria. Similar to other vaccines, this analysis supports the WHO position on adult booster vaccination and, if approved by governing health authorities, this may allow more countries to focus healthcare resources on vulnerable and undervaccinated populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Byung Park
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferlito C, Biselli R, Visco V, Cattaruzza MS, Capobianchi MR, Castilletti C, Lapa D, Nicoletti L, Marchi A, Magurano F, Ciccaglione AR, Chionne P, Madonna E, Donatelli I, Calzoletti L, Fabiani C, Biondo MI, Teloni R, Mariotti S, Salerno G, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Salemi S, Caporuscio S, Autore A, Lulli P, Borelli F, Lastilla M, Nisini R, D’Amelio R. Immunogenicity of Viral Vaccines in the Italian Military. Biomedicines 2021; 9:87. [PMID: 33477366 PMCID: PMC7829820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Military personnel of all armed forces receive multiple vaccinations and have been doing so since long ago, but relatively few studies have investigated the possible negative or positive interference of simultaneous vaccinations. As a contribution to fill this gap, we analyzed the response to the live trivalent measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), the inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV), the inactivated trivalent polio, and the trivalent subunits influenza vaccines in two cohorts of Italian military personnel. The first cohort was represented by 108 students from military schools and the second by 72 soldiers engaged in a nine-month mission abroad. MMR and HAV vaccines had never been administered before, whereas inactivated polio was administered to adults primed at infancy with a live trivalent oral polio vaccine. Accordingly, nearly all subjects had baseline antibodies to polio types 1 and 3, but unexpectedly, anti-measles/-mumps/-rubella antibodies were present in 82%, 82%, and 73.5% of subjects, respectively (43% for all of the antigens). Finally, anti-HAV antibodies were detectable in 14% and anti-influenza (H1/H3/B) in 18% of the study population. At mine months post-vaccination, 92% of subjects had protective antibody levels for all MMR antigens, 96% for HAV, 69% for the three influenza antigens, and 100% for polio types 1 and 3. An inverse relationship between baseline and post-vaccination antibody levels was noticed with all the vaccines. An excellent vaccine immunogenicity, a calculated long antibody persistence, and apparent lack of vaccine interference were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ferlito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Loredana Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonella Marchi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Fabio Magurano
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Ciccaglione
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Chionne
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Madonna
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Isabella Donatelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Calzoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Concetta Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Michela Ileen Biondo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Raffaela Teloni
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Sara Caporuscio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Alberto Autore
- Centro Sperimentale di Volo, Comando Logistico, Aeronautica Militare, Aeroporto Pratica di Mare, Via Pratica di Mare 45, 00040 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Lulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Francesco Borelli
- Servizio Sanitario, Reggimento Lancieri di Montebello, Esercito Italiano, Via Flaminia 826, 00191 Roma, Italy;
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Raffaele D’Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen C, Kang C, Rong N, Wu N, Chen C, Wu S, Zhang X, Liu X. Evaluation of Immunogenicity, Protective Immunity on Aquaculture Pathogenic Vibrio and Fermentation of Vibrio alginolyticus Flagellin FlaC Protein. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 17:e2628. [PMID: 32195288 PMCID: PMC7080974 DOI: 10.29252/ijb.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Vibrio are the main pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The flagellin protein C (FlaC) of Vibrio alginolyticus
has good immunogenicity and the prospect of potential application in a vaccine. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity, protective immunity, and prokaryotic expression fermentation of V. alginolyticus FlaC protein for the vaccine in aquaculture. Material and Methods: A molecular cloning method was used to construct the expression strain of FlaC protein, and the protein was purified with Ni-affinity
chromatography. Polyclonal antiserum was prepared via mice immunized with the FlaC protein. The Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) were used to check the specificity and titre of the antiserum. ELISA and pull-down assay detected the interaction between
FlaC protein antiserum and Vibrio. The immune protection function of FlaC protein was detected with mice actively immunized with FlaC
protein and challenged by V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus. The optimal expression conditions for FlaC protein
were detected using an L9(34) orthogonal design model. Results: The expression strain of FlaC protein was obtained successfully, and purified FlaC protein was prepared using a mice polyclonal antibody.
The FlaC protein antiserum held a high specificity, and the titre was 13200. The antiserum directly interacted with V. alginolyticus
and V. parahaemolyticus, and the FlaC protein demonstrated a significant immune protection function (50%) against
V. alginolyticus infection and some immune protection function (41.66%) against V. parahaemolyticus.
The optimal expression conditions for FlaC protein included a strain OD600 value of 0.8, final isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG)
concentration of 0.1 mmol/L, an inducing time of 8 hours, and an inducing temperature of 28°C. Conclusions: This study showed that the FlaC protein possesses a significant immunogenicity and immune protection effect and obtained the optimal fermentation
conditions. It is expected to be a potential vaccine against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Na Rong
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Nana Wu
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Sanqiao Wu
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology University of Minho, Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Xiang Liu
- Chinese-German joint Institute for natural product research / Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Tall Gastrodia Tuber and Medical Dogwood / College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| |
Collapse
|