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Duffy PE, Gorres JP, Healy SA, Fried M. Malaria vaccines: a new era of prevention and control. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01065-7. [PMID: 39025972 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Malaria killed over 600,000 people in 2022, a death toll that has not improved since 2015. Additionally, parasites and mosquitoes resistant to existing interventions are spreading across Africa and other regions. Vaccines offer hope to reduce the mortality burden: the first licensed malaria vaccines, RTS,S and R21, will be widely deployed in 2024 and should substantially reduce childhood deaths. In this Review, we provide an overview of the malaria problem and the Plasmodium parasite, then describe the RTS,S and R21 vaccines (the first vaccines for any human parasitic disease), summarizing their benefits and limitations. We explore next-generation vaccines designed using new knowledge of malaria pathogenesis and protective immunity, which incorporate antigens and platforms to elicit effective immune responses against different parasite stages in human or mosquito hosts. We describe a decision-making process that prioritizes malaria vaccine candidates for development in a resource-constrained environment. Future vaccines might improve upon the protective efficacy of RTS,S or R21 for children, or address the wider malaria scourge by preventing pregnancy malaria, reducing the burden of Plasmodium vivax or accelerating malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - J Patrick Gorres
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara A Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Fried
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Scaria PV, Roth N, Schwendt K, Muratova OV, Alani N, Lambert LE, Barnafo EK, Rowe CG, Zaidi IU, Rausch KM, Narum DL, Petsch B, Duffy PE. mRNA vaccines expressing malaria transmission-blocking antigens Pfs25 and Pfs230D1 induce a functional immune response. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38184666 PMCID: PMC10771442 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV) are designed to inhibit the sexual stage development of the parasite in the mosquito host and can play a significant role in achieving the goal of malaria elimination. Preclinical and clinical studies using protein-protein conjugates of leading TBV antigens Pfs25 and Pfs230 domain 1 (Pfs230D1) have demonstrated the feasibility of TBV. Nevertheless, other promising vaccine platforms for TBV remain underexplored. The recent success of mRNA vaccines revealed the potential of this technology for infectious diseases. We explored the mRNA platform for TBV development. mRNA constructs of Pfs25 and Pfs230D1 variously incorporating signal peptides (SP), GPI anchor, and Trans Membrane (TM) domain were assessed in vitro for antigen expression, and selected constructs were evaluated in mice. Only mRNA constructs with GPI anchor or TM domain that resulted in high cell surface expression of the antigens yielded strong immune responses in mice. These mRNA constructs generated higher transmission-reducing functional activity versus the corresponding alum-adjuvanted protein-protein conjugates used as comparators. Pfs25 mRNA with GPI anchor or TM maintained >99% transmission reducing activity through 126 days, the duration of the study, demonstrating the potential of mRNA platform for TBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthupparampil V Scaria
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | | | | | - Olga V Muratova
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | - Nada Alani
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | - Lynn E Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | - Emma K Barnafo
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | - Christopher G Rowe
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | - Irfan U Zaidi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | - Kelly M Rausch
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | - David L Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA
| | | | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, MD, 20892-2903, USA.
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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Sagara I, Healy SA, Assadou MH, Kone M, Swihart BJ, Kwan JL, Fintzi J, Sissoko K, Kamate B, Samake Y, Guindo MA, Doucoure M, Niaré K, Dolo A, Diarra B, Rausch KM, Narum DL, Jones DS, MacDonald NJ, Zhu D, Gorres JP, Imeru A, Mohan R, Thera I, Zaidi I, Salazar-Miralles F, Duan J, Neal J, Morrison RD, Muratova O, Sylla D, O'Connell EM, Wu Y, Hume JCC, Coulibaly MB, Anderson CF, Traore SF, Doumbo OK, Duffy PE. Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines Pfs230D1-EPA and Pfs25-EPA in Alhydrogel in healthy Malian adults; a phase 1, randomised, controlled trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:1266-1279. [PMID: 37499679 PMCID: PMC10615700 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines target mosquito-stage parasites and will support elimination programmes. Gamete vaccine Pfs230D1-EPA/Alhydrogel induced superior activity to zygote vaccine Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel in malaria-naive US adults. Here, we compared these vaccines in malaria-experienced Malians. METHODS We did a pilot safety study then double-blind, block-randomised, comparator-controlled main-phase trial in malaria-intense Bancoumana, Mali. 18-50-year-old healthy non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding consenting adult residents were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive four doses at months 0, 1, 4·5, and 16·5 of either 47 μg Pfs25, 40 μg Pfs230D1 or comparator (Twinrix or Menactra)-all co-administered with normal saline for blinding-or 47 μg Pfs25 plus 40 μg Pfs230D1 co-administered. We documented safety and tolerability (primary endpoint in the as-treated populations) and immunogenicity (secondary endpoint in the as-treated populations: ELISA, standard-membrane-feeding assay, and mosquito direct skin feed assay). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02334462. FINDINGS Between March 19, and June 2, 2015, we screened 471 individuals. Of 225 enrolled for the pilot and main cohorts, we randomly assigned 25 participants to pilot safety cohort groups of five (20%) to receive a two-dose series of Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel (16 μg), Pfs230D1-EPA/Alhydrogel (15 μg) or comparator, followed by Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel (16 μg) plus Pfs230D1-EPA/Alhydrogel (15 μg) or comparator plus saline. For the main cohort, we enrolled 200 participants between May 11 and June 2, 2015, to receive a four-dose series of 47 μg Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel plus saline (n=50 [25%]; Pfs25), 40 μg Pfs230D1-EPA/Alhydrogel plus saline (n=49 [25%]; Pfs230D1), 47 μg Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel plus 40 μg Pfs230D1-EPA/Alhydrogel (n=50 [25%]; Pfs25 plus Pfs230D1), or comparator (Twinrix or Menactra) plus saline (n=51 [25%]). Vaccinations were well tolerated in the pilot safety and main phases. Most vaccinees became seropositive after two Pfs230D1 or three Pfs25 doses; peak titres increased with each dose thereafter (Pfs230D1 geometric mean: 77·8 [95% CI 56·9-106·3], 146·4 [108·3-198·0], and 410·2 [301·6-558·0]; Pfs25 geometric mean 177·7 [130·3-242·4] and 315·7 [209·9-474·6]). Functional activity (mean peak transmission-reducing activity) appeared for Pfs230D1 (74·5% [66·6-82·5]) and Pfs25 plus Pfs230D1 (68·6% [57·3-79·8]), after the third dose and after the fourth dose (88·9% [81·7-96·2] for Pfs230D1 and 85·0% [78·4-91·5] Pfs25 plus Pfs230D1) but not for Pfs25 (58·2% [49·1-67·3] after the third dose and 58·2% [48·5-67·9] after the fourth dose). Pfs230D1 transmission-reducing activity (73·7% [64·1-83·3]) persisted 10 weeks after the fourth dose. Transmission-reducing activity of 80% was estimated at 1659 ELISA units for Pfs25, 218 for Pfs230D1, and 223 for Pfs230D1 plus Pfs25. After 3850 direct skin feed assays, 35 participants (12 Pfs25, eight Pfs230D1, five Pfs25 plus Pfs230D1, and ten comparator) had transmitted parasites at least once. The proportion of positive assays in vaccine groups (Pfs25 33 [3%] of 982 [-0·013 to 0·014], Pfs230D1 22 [2%] of 954 [-0·005 to 0·027], and combination 11 [1%] of 940 [-0·024 to 0·002]) did not differ from that of the comparator (22 [2%] of 974), nor did Pfs230D1 and combination groups differ (-0·024 to 0·001). INTERPRETATION Pfs230D1 but not Pfs25 vaccine induces durable serum functional activity in Malian adults. Direct skin feed assays detect parasite transmission to mosquitoes but increased event rates are needed to assess vaccine effectiveness. FUNDING Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Sara A Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mahamadoun H Assadou
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamady Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Bruce J Swihart
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kwan
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Fintzi
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kourane Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Kamate
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Yacouba Samake
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Merepen A Guindo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - M'Bouye Doucoure
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Karamoko Niaré
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Amagana Dolo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Balla Diarra
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Kelly M Rausch
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David L Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David S Jones
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J MacDonald
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daming Zhu
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Patrick Gorres
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Alemush Imeru
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rathy Mohan
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ismaila Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Fernando Salazar-Miralles
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Junhui Duan
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jillian Neal
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Morrison
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Olga Muratova
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daman Sylla
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Elise M O'Connell
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yimin Wu
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jen C C Hume
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mamadou B Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Charles F Anderson
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sekou F Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Salinas ND, Ma R, Dickey TH, McAleese H, Ouahes T, Long CA, Miura K, Lambert LE, Tolia NH. A potent and durable malaria transmission-blocking vaccine designed from a single-component 60-copy Pfs230D1 nanoparticle. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:124. [PMID: 37596283 PMCID: PMC10439124 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) reduce disease transmission by breaking the continuous cycle of infection between the human host and the mosquito vector. Domain 1 (D1) of Pfs230 is a leading TBV candidate and comprises the majority of transmission-reducing activity (TRA) elicited by Pfs230. Here we show that the fusion of Pfs230D1 to a 60-copy multimer of the catalytic domain of dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase protein (E2p) results in a single-component nanoparticle composed of 60 copies of the fusion protein with high stability, homogeneity, and production yields. The nanoparticle presents a potent human transmission-blocking epitope within Pfs230D1, indicating the antigen is correctly oriented on the surface of the nanoparticle. Two vaccinations of New Zealand White rabbits with the Pfs230D1 nanoparticle elicited a potent and durable antibody response with high TRA when formulated in two distinct adjuvants suitable for translation to human use. This single-component nanoparticle vaccine may play a key role in malaria control and has the potential to improve production pipelines and the cost of manufacturing of a potent and durable TBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole D Salinas
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thayne H Dickey
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Holly McAleese
- Vaccine Development Unit, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tarik Ouahes
- Vaccine Development Unit, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lynn E Lambert
- Vaccine Development Unit, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niraj H Tolia
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Rausch KM, Barnafo EK, Lambert LE, Muratova O, Gorres JP, Anderson C, Narum DL, Wu Y, Morrison RD, Zaidi I, Duffy PE. Preclinical evaluations of Pfs25-EPA and Pfs230D1-EPA in AS01 for a vaccine to reduce malaria transmission. iScience 2023; 26:107192. [PMID: 37485364 PMCID: PMC10359932 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidates Pfs25-EPA and Pfs230D1-EPA target sexual stage development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in the mosquito host, thereby reducing mosquito infectivity. When formulated on Alhydrogel, Pfs25-EPA has demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in a phase 1 field trial, while Pfs230D1-EPA has shown superior activity to Pfs25-EPA in a phase 1 US trial and has entered phase 2 field trials. Development continues to enhance immunogenicity of these candidates toward producing a vaccine to reduce malaria transmission (VRMT) with both pre-erythrocytic (i.e., anti-infection) and transmission-blocking components. GSK Adjuvant Systems have demonstrated successful potency in pre-erythrocytic vaccine trials and might offer a common platform for VRMT development. Here, we describe preclinical evaluations of Pfs25-EPA and Pfs230D1-EPA nanoparticles with GSK platforms. Formulations were stable after a series of assessments and induced superior antibody titers and functional activity in CD-1 mice, compared to Alhydrogel formulations of the same antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Rausch
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma K. Barnafo
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynn E. Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Muratova
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J. Patrick Gorres
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Anderson
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L. Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yimin Wu
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D. Morrison
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Siddiqui AJ, Bhardwaj J, Saxena J, Jahan S, Snoussi M, Bardakci F, Badraoui R, Adnan M. A Critical Review on Human Malaria and Schistosomiasis Vaccines: Current State, Recent Advancements, and Developments. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040792. [PMID: 37112704 PMCID: PMC10146311 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria and schistosomiasis are two major parasitic diseases that remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Co-infections of these two parasites are common in the tropics, where both diseases are endemic. The clinical consequences of schistosomiasis and malaria are determined by a variety of host, parasitic, and environmental variables. Chronic schistosomiasis causes malnutrition and cognitive impairments in children, while malaria can cause fatal acute infections. There are effective drugs available to treat malaria and schistosomiasis. However, the occurrence of allelic polymorphisms and the rapid selection of parasites with genetic mutations can confer reduced susceptibility and lead to the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, the successful elimination and complete management of these parasites are difficult due to the lack of effective vaccines against Plasmodium and Schistosoma infections. Therefore, it is important to highlight all current vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials, such as pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stage malaria, as well as a next-generation RTS,S-like vaccine, the R21/Matrix-M vaccine, that conferred 77% protection against clinical malaria in a Phase 2b trial. Moreover, this review also discusses the progress and development of schistosomiasis vaccines. Furthermore, significant information is provided through this review on the effectiveness and progress of schistosomiasis vaccines currently under clinical trials, such as Sh28GST, Sm-14, and Sm-p80. Overall, this review provides insights into recent progress in malarial and schistosomiasis vaccines and their developmental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jyoti Bhardwaj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, NH-95, Ludhiana—Chandigarh State Hwy, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue TaharHaddas BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1017, Tunisia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
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8
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McLeod B, Mabrouk MT, Miura K, Ravichandran R, Kephart S, Hailemariam S, Pham TP, Semesi A, Kucharska I, Kundu P, Huang WC, Johnson M, Blackstone A, Pettie D, Murphy M, Kraft JC, Leaf EM, Jiao Y, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, van Gemert GJ, Ramjith J, King CR, MacGill RS, Wu Y, Lee KK, Jore MM, King NP, Lovell JF, Julien JP. Vaccination with a structure-based stabilized version of malarial antigen Pfs48/45 elicits ultra-potent transmission-blocking antibody responses. Immunity 2022; 55:1680-1692.e8. [PMID: 35977542 PMCID: PMC9487866 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) aim to elicit human antibodies that inhibit sporogonic development of Plasmodium falciparum in mosquitoes, thereby preventing onward transmission. Pfs48/45 is a leading clinical TBV candidate antigen and is recognized by the most potent transmission-blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) yet described; still, clinical development of Pfs48/45 antigens has been hindered, largely by its poor biochemical characteristics. Here, we used structure-based computational approaches to design Pfs48/45 antigens stabilized in the conformation recognized by the most potently inhibitory mAb, achieving >25°C higher thermostability compared with the wild-type protein. Antibodies elicited in mice immunized with these engineered antigens displayed on liposome-based or protein nanoparticle-based vaccine platforms exhibited 1-2 orders of magnitude superior transmission-reducing activity, compared with immunogens bearing the wild-type antigen, driven by improved antibody quality. Our data provide the founding principles for using molecular stabilization solely from antibody structure-function information to drive improved immune responses against a parasitic vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon McLeod
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Moustafa T Mabrouk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sally Kephart
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sophia Hailemariam
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Thao P Pham
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Anthony Semesi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Iga Kucharska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Prasun Kundu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Max Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alyssa Blackstone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Kraft
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Leaf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jordache Ramjith
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Richter King
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative, 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Randall S MacGill
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative, 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Yimin Wu
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative, 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthijs M Jore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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9
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Scaria PV, Rowe CG, Chen BB, Dickey TH, Renn JP, Lambert LE, Barnafo EK, Rausch KM, Tolia NH, Duffy PE. Protein-protein conjugation enhances the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccines. iScience 2022; 25:104739. [PMID: 35846379 PMCID: PMC9270177 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed using different technologies. Although these vaccines target the isolates collected early in the pandemic, many have protected against serious illness from newer variants. Nevertheless, efficacy has diminished against successive variants and the need for effective and affordable vaccines persists especially in the developing world. Here, we adapted our protein-protein conjugate vaccine technology to generate a vaccine based on receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. RBD was conjugated to a carrier protein, EcoCRM®, to generate two types of conjugates: crosslinked and radial conjugates. In the crosslinked conjugate, antigen and carrier are chemically crosslinked; in the radial conjugate, the antigen is conjugated to the carrier by site-specific conjugation. With AS01 adjuvant, both conjugates showed enhanced immunogenicity in mice compared to RBD, with a Th1 bias. In hACE2 binding inhibition and pseudovirus neutralization assays, sera from mice vaccinated with the radial conjugate demonstrated strong functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthupparampil V. Scaria
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Chris G. Rowe
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Beth B. Chen
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Thayne H. Dickey
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Renn
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Lynn E. Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Emma K. Barnafo
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Kelly M. Rausch
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Niraj H. Tolia
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
| | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903, USA
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10
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Intranasal administration of BReC-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine protects K18-hACE2 mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:36. [PMID: 35288576 PMCID: PMC8921182 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a viral respiratory pathogen responsible for the current global pandemic and the disease that causes COVID-19. All current WHO approved COVID-19 vaccines are administered through the muscular route. We have developed a prototype two-dose vaccine (BReC-CoV-2) by combining the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) antigen, via conjugation to Diphtheria toxoid (EcoCRM®). The vaccine is adjuvanted with Bacterial Enzymatic Combinatorial Chemistry (BECC), BECC470. Intranasal (IN) administration of BreC-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice induced a strong systemic and localized immune response in the respiratory tissues which provided protection against the Washington strain of SARS-CoV-2. Protection provided after IN administration of BReC-CoV-2 was associated with decreased viral RNA copies in the lung, robust RBD IgA titers in the lung and nasal wash, and induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies in the serum. We also observed that BReC-CoV-2 vaccination administered using an intramuscular (IM) prime and IN boost protected mice from a lethal challenge dose of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. IN administration of BReC-CoV-2 provided better protection than IM only administration to mice against lethal challenge dose of SARS-CoV-2. These data suggest that the IN route of vaccination induces localized immune responses that can better protect against SARS-CoV-2 than the IM route in the upper respiratory tract.
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11
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Scaria PV, Anderson C, Muratova O, Alani N, Trinh HV, Nadakal ST, Zaidi I, Lambert L, Beck Z, Barnafo EK, Rausch KM, Rowe C, Chen B, Matyas GR, Rao M, Alving CR, Narum DL, Duffy PE. Malaria transmission-blocking conjugate vaccine in ALFQ adjuvant induces durable functional immune responses in rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:148. [PMID: 34887448 PMCID: PMC8660773 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines candidates based on Pfs25 and Pfs230 have advanced to clinical studies. Exoprotein A (EPA) conjugate of Pfs25 in Alhydrogel® developed functional immunity in humans, with limited durability. Pfs230 conjugated to EPA (Pfs230D1-EPA) with liposomal adjuvant AS01 is currently in clinical trials in Mali. Studies with these conjugates revealed that non-human primates are better than mice to recapitulate the human immunogenicity and functional activity. Here, we evaluated the effect of ALFQ, a liposomal adjuvant consisting of TLR4 agonist and QS21, on the immunogenicity of Pfs25-EPA and Pfs230D1-EPA in Rhesus macaques. Both conjugates generated strong antibody responses and functional activity after two vaccinations though activity declined rapidly. A third vaccination of Pfs230D1-EPA induced functional activity lasting at least 9 months. Antibody avidity increased with each vaccination and correlated strongly with functional activity. IgG subclass analysis showed induction of Th1 and Th2 subclass antibody levels that correlated with activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthupparampil V. Scaria
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Charles Anderson
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Olga Muratova
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Nada Alani
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Hung V. Trinh
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA ,grid.201075.10000 0004 0614 9826Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA
| | - Steven T. Nadakal
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Irfan Zaidi
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Lynn Lambert
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Zoltan Beck
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA ,grid.201075.10000 0004 0614 9826Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA ,grid.410513.20000 0000 8800 7493Present Address: Pfizer, Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY USA
| | - Emma K. Barnafo
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Kelly M. Rausch
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Chris Rowe
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Beth Chen
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Carl R. Alving
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - David L. Narum
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
| | - Patrick E. Duffy
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, 29 Lincoln Drive, Building 29B, Bethesda, MD 20892-2903 USA
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Ivleva VB, Gowetski DB, Lei QP. Streamlining Peptide Mapping LC-MS Approach for Studying Fusion Peptide-Conjugated Vaccine Immunogens. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2777-2790. [PMID: 34751576 PMCID: PMC10157672 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A newly introduced HIV-1 vaccination utilizes a fusion peptide (FP)-based immunogen-carrier conjugate system, where the FP is coupled to a protein carrier via a bifunctional linker. Such heterogeneous materials present a challenge for the routine product quality assessment. Peptide mapping LC-MS analysis has become an indispensable tool for assessing the site-specific conjugation ratio, estimating site occupancy, monitoring conjugation profiles, and analyzing post-translational modifications (PTMs) and disulfide bonds as well as high-order protein structures. To streamline the peptide mapping approach to match the needs of a fast-paced conjugate vaccine product characterization, a selection of signature fragment ions generated by MSE fragmentation was successfully applied to assess the product quality at the different stages of a conjugates' manufacturing process with an emphasis on monitoring the amount of a reactive linker. This technique was employed in different conjugation studies of the protein carriers, linkers, and FP compositions as well as the cross-linked species formed during stress-degradation studies. Multiple derivatives of the intermediate and final conjugated products formed during a multistaged synthesis were monitored by means of the sensitive extracted-ion chromatogram (XIC) profiling and were included in the estimation of the site-specific conjugation loads. Differentiation of the conjugates with various FP compositions was demonstrated. The conjugation site occupancy was evaluated with respect to the solvent exposure of Lys residues. The findings of these LC-MS studies greatly aided in choosing the best conjugation strategy to ensure that the final recombinant tetanus toxoid heavy chain (rTTHc) product is chemically inert and represents a safe vaccine candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Daniel B Gowetski
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Q Paula Lei
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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Zhao J, Hu G, Huang Y, Huang Y, Wei X, Shi J. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine: A kind of vaccine with great development potential. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Duffy PE. Transmission-Blocking Vaccines: Harnessing Herd Immunity for Malaria Elimination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:185-198. [PMID: 33478283 PMCID: PMC11127254 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1878028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV) prevent community spread of malaria by targeting mosquito sexual stage parasites, a life-cycle bottleneck, and will be used in elimination programs. TBV rely on herd immunity to reduce mosquito infections and thereby new infections in both vaccine recipients and non-recipients, but do not provide protection once an individual receives an infectious mosquito bite which complicates clinical development. AREAS COVERED Here, we describe the concept and biology behind TBV, and we provide an update on clinical development of the leading vaccine candidate antigens. Search terms 'malaria vaccine,' 'sexual stages,' 'transmission blocking vaccine,' 'VIMT' and 'SSM-VIMT' were used for PubMed queries to identify relevant literature. EXPERT OPINION Candidates targeting P. falciparum zygote surface antigen Pfs25, and its P. vivax orthologue Pvs25, induced functional activity in humans that reduced mosquito infection in surrogate assays, but require increased durability to be useful in the field. Candidates targeting gamete surface antigens Pfs230 and Pfs48/45, respectively, are in or nearing clinical trials. Nanoparticle platforms and adjuvants are being explored to enhance immunogenicity. Efficacy trials require special considerations, such as cluster-randomized designs to measure herd immunity that reduces human and mosquito infection rates, while addressing human and mosquito movements as confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Patel PN, Tolia N. Structural vaccinology of malaria transmission-blocking vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:199-214. [PMID: 33430656 PMCID: PMC11077433 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1873135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The development of effective vaccines remains a major health priority to combat the global burden of malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) elicit antibodies that neutralize the sexual stages of the parasite in blood meals ingested by the Anopheles mosquito, interrupting parasite development in the vector host and preventing disease spread to other individuals.Areas covered: The P. falciparum gametocyte surface antigens Pfs230, Pfs48/45, and Pfs47, the parasite ookinete surface protein Pfs25, and the male gametocyte specific protein PfHAP2 are leading TBV candidates, some of which are in clinical development. The recent expansion of methodology to study monoclonal antibodies isolated directly from humans and animal models, coupled with effective measures for parasite neutralization, has provided unprecedented insight into TBV efficacy and development.Expert opinion: Available structural and functional data on antigen-monoclonal antibody (Ag-mAb) complexes, as well as epitope classification studies, have identified neutralizing epitopes that may aid vaccine development and improve protection. Here, we review the clinical prospects of TBV candidates, progress in the development of novel vaccine strategies for TBVs, and the impact of structural vaccinology in TBV design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak N Patel
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niraj Tolia
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Adeagbo BA, Akinlalu AO, Phan T, Guderian J, Boukes G, Willenburg E, Fenner C, Bolaji OO, Fox CB. Controlled Covalent Conjugation of a Tuberculosis Subunit Antigen (ID93) to Liposome Improved In Vitro Th1-Type Cytokine Recall Responses in Human Whole Blood. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31306-31313. [PMID: 33324841 PMCID: PMC7726955 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a foremost poverty-related disease with a high rate of mortality despite global immunization with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Several adjuvanted recombinant proteins are in clinical development for TB to protect against the disease in infants and adults. Nevertheless, simple mixing of adjuvants with antigens may not be optimal for enhancing the immune response due to poor association. Hence, co-delivery of adjuvants with antigens has been advocated for improved immune response. This report, therefore, presents a strategy of using chemical conjugation to co-deliver an adjuvanted recombinant protein TB vaccine (ID93 + GLA-LSQ). Chemical conjugation involving glutaraldehyde (GA) or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was used to associate the antigen (ID93) to the modified liposome (mGLA-LSQ). The physicochemical stability of the formulations was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (adjuvant content), dynamic light scattering (DLS, particle size analysis), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS) electrophoresis (protein analysis). The bioactivity was assessed by cytokine stimulation using fresh whole blood from 10 healthy donors. The conjugates of ID93 + mGLA_LSQ maintained liposomal and protein integrity with the two protein chemistries. The GLA and QS21 content of the vaccine were also stable for 3 months. However, only the glutaraldehyde conjugates provoked significant secretion of interleukin-2 (210.4 ± 11.45 vs 166.7 ± 9.15; p = 0.0059), interferon-gamma (210.5 ± 14.79 vs 144.1 ± 4.997; p = 0.0011), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (2075 ± 46.8 vs 1456 ± 144.8; p = 0.0082) compared to simple mixing. Conjugation of recombinant protein (ID93) to the liposome (mGLA_LSQ) through chemical conjugation resulted in a stable vaccine formulation, which could facilitate co-delivery of the subunit vaccine to promote a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Ayodeji Adeagbo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NG 220280, Nigeria
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Akintunde Oluseto Akinlalu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NG 220280, Nigeria
| | - Tony Phan
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jeff Guderian
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Gerhardt Boukes
- Afrigen
Biologics (Pty) Limited, South Africa Medical
Research Council Medicina Campus Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, ZA 7500, South Africa
| | - Elize Willenburg
- Afrigen
Biologics (Pty) Limited, South Africa Medical
Research Council Medicina Campus Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, ZA 7500, South Africa
| | - Caryn Fenner
- Afrigen
Biologics (Pty) Limited, South Africa Medical
Research Council Medicina Campus Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, ZA 7500, South Africa
| | - Oluseye Oladotun Bolaji
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NG 220280, Nigeria
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Department
of Global Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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