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Lopez CE, Zacharias ZR, Ross KA, Narasimhan B, Waldschmidt TJ, Legge KL. Polyanhydride nanovaccine against H3N2 influenza A virus generates mucosal resident and systemic immunity promoting protection. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:96. [PMID: 38822003 PMCID: PMC11143372 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. The antigenic drift/shift of IAV continually gives rise to new strains and subtypes, aiding IAV in circumventing previously established immunity. As a result, there has been substantial interest in developing a broadly protective IAV vaccine that induces, durable immunity against multiple IAVs. Previously, a polyanhydride nanoparticle-based vaccine or nanovaccine (IAV-nanovax) encapsulating H1N1 IAV antigens was reported, which induced pulmonary B and T cell immunity and resulted in cross-strain protection against IAV. A key feature of IAV-nanovax is its ability to easily incorporate diverse proteins/payloads, potentially increasing its ability to provide broad protection against IAV and/or other pathogens. Due to human susceptibility to both H1N1 and H3N2 IAV, several H3N2 nanovaccines were formulated herein with multiple IAV antigens to examine the "plug-and-play" nature of the polyanhydride nanovaccine platform and determine their ability to induce humoral and cellular immunity and broad-based protection similar to IAV-nanovax. The H3N2-based IAV nanovaccine formulations induced systemic and mucosal B cell responses which were associated with antigen-specific antibodies. Additionally, systemic and lung-tissue resident CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were enhanced post-vaccination. These immune responses corresponded with protection against both homologous and heterosubtypic IAV infection. Overall, these results demonstrate the plug-and-play nature of the polyanhydride nanovaccine platform and its ability to generate immunity and protection against IAV utilizing diverse antigenic payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Thomas J Waldschmidt
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kevin L Legge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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2
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Sadr S, Poorjafari Jafroodi P, Haratizadeh MJ, Ghasemi Z, Borji H, Hajjafari A. Current status of nano-vaccinology in veterinary medicine science. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2294-2308. [PMID: 37487030 PMCID: PMC10508510 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination programmes provide a safe, effective and cost-efficient strategy for maintaining population health. In veterinary medicine, vaccination not only reduces disease within animal populations but also serves to enhance public health by targeting zoonoses. Nevertheless, for many pathogens, an effective vaccine remains elusive. Recently, nanovaccines have proved to be successful for various infectious and non-infectious diseases of animals. These novel technologies, such as virus-like particles, self-assembling proteins, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and virosomes, offer great potential for solving many of the vaccine production challenges. Their benefits include low immunotoxicity, antigen stability, enhanced immunogenicity, flexibility sustained release and the ability to evoke both humoral and cellular immune responses. Nanovaccines are more efficient than traditional vaccines due to ease of control and plasticity in their physio-chemical properties. They use a highly targeted immunological approach which can provide strong and long-lasting immunity. This article reviews the currently available nanovaccine technology and considers its utility for both infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases such as auto-immunity and cancer. Future research opportunities and application challenges from bench to clinical usage are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Sadr
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | | | | | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Ashkan Hajjafari
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineIslamic Azad University, Science and Research BranchTehranIran
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López-Serrano S, Mahmmod YS, Christensen D, Ebensen T, Guzmán CA, Rodríguez F, Segalés J, Aragón V. Immune responses following neonatal vaccination with conserved F4 fragment of VtaA proteins from virulent Glaesserella parasuis adjuvanted with CAF®01 or CDA. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100330. [PMID: 37361051 PMCID: PMC10285277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the upper airways of swine, capable of causing a systemic infection called Glässer's disease. This disease is more frequent in young post-weaning piglets. Current treatments against G. parasuis infection are based on the use of antimicrobials or inactivated vaccines, which promote limited cross-protection against different serovars. For this reason, there is an interest in developing novel subunit vaccines with the capacity to confer effective protection against different virulent strains. Herein, we characterize the immunogenicity and the potential benefits of neonatal immunization with two different vaccine formulations based on the F4 polypeptide, a conserved immunogenic protein fragment from the virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters of virulent G. parasuis strains. With this purpose, we immunized two groups of piglets with F4 combined with cationic adjuvant CAF®01 or cyclic dinucleotide CDA. Piglets immunized with a commercial bacterin and non-immunized animals served as control groups. The vaccinated piglets received two doses of vaccine, at 14 days old and 21 days later. The immune response induced against the F4 polypeptide varied depending on the adjuvant used. Piglets vaccinated with the F4+CDA vaccine developed specific anti-F4 IgGs, biased towards the induction of IgG1 responses, whereas no anti-F4 IgGs were de novo induced after immunization with the CAF®01 vaccine. Piglets immunized with both formulations displayed balanced memory T-cell responses, evidenced upon in vitro re-stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with F4. Interestingly, pigs immunized with F4+CAF®01 controlled more efficiently a natural nasal colonization by a virulent serovar 4 G. parasuis that spontaneously occurred during the experimental procedure. According to the results, the immunogenicity and the protection afforded by F4 depend on the adjuvant used. F4 may represent a candidate to consider for a Glässer's disease vaccine and could contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in protection against virulent G. parasuis colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi López-Serrano
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yasser S. Mahmmod
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Section of Veterinary Sciences, Health Sciences Division, Al Ain Men’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals. Facultat de Veterinària. Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragón
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Patnaik A, Rai SK, Dhaked RK. Recent Advancements and Novel Approaches Contributing to the Present Arsenal of Prophylaxis and Treatment Strategies Against Category A Bacterial Biothreat Agents. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:161-172. [PMID: 37325016 PMCID: PMC10220334 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have always been a part of the ecosystem in which we thrive. Some pathogens have caused deadly outbreaks in the past and have been exploited as an agent of threat. Natural hotspots for these biological pathogens are widely distributed throughout the world and hence they remain clinically important. Technological advancement and change in general lifestyle has driven the evolution of these pathogens into more virulent and resistant variants. There has been a growing concern over the development of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains that could be used as bioweapons. This rapid change in pathogens also propels the field of science to develop and innovate new strategies and methodologies which are superior and safer to the existing ones. Some bacterial agents like-Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis and toxins produced by strains of Clostridium botulinum, have been segregated as Category A substances as they pose imminent threat to public health with a history of life threatening and catastrophic disease. This review highlights some encouraging developments and value additions in the current plan of action for protection against these select biothreat bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Patnaik
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP 474002 India
| | - Sharad Kumar Rai
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP 474002 India
| | - Ram Kumar Dhaked
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP 474002 India
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Zhai LN, Zhao Y, Song XL, Qin TT, Zhang ZJ, Wang JZ, Sui CY, Zhang LL, Lv M, Hu LF, Zhou DS, Fang TY, Yang WH, Wang YC. Inhalable vaccine of bacterial culture supernatant extract mediates protection against fatal pulmonary anthrax. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2191741. [PMID: 36920800 PMCID: PMC10071900 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2191741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPulmonary anthrax is the most fatal clinical form of anthrax and currently available injectable vaccines do not provide adequate protection against it. Hence, next-generation vaccines that effectively induce immunity against pulmonary anthrax are urgently needed. In the present study, we prepared an attenuated and low protease activity Bacillus anthracis strain A16R-5.1 by deleting five of its extracellular protease activity-associated genes and its lef gene through the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system. This mutant strain was then used to formulate a lethal toxin (LeTx)-free culture supernatant extract (CSE) anthrax vaccine,of which half was protective antigen (PA). We generated liquid, powder, and powder reconstituted formulations that could be delivered by aerosolized intratracheal inoculation. All of them induced strong humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses. The vaccines also produced LeTx neutralizing antibodies and conferred full protection against the lethal aerosol challenges of B. anthracis Pasteur II spores in mice. Compared to the recombinant PA vaccine, the CSE anthrax vaccine with equal PA content provided superior immunoprotection against pulmonary anthrax. The preceding results suggest that the CSE anthrax vaccine developed herein is suitable and scalable for use in inhalational immunization against pulmonary anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.,Basic medical college, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tong-Tong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ling-Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tong-Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wen-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
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Abstract
Polyanhydrides (PAs) are a class of synthetic biodegradable polymers employed as controlled drug delivery vehicles. They can be synthesized and scaled up from low-cost starting materials. The structure of PAs can be manipulated synthetically to meet desirable characteristics. PAs are biocompatible, biodegradable, and generate nontoxic metabolites upon degradation, which are easily eliminated from the body. The rate of water penetrating into the polyanhydride (PA) matrix is slower than the anhydride bond cleavage. This phenomenon sets PAs as "surface-eroding drug delivery carriers." Consequently, a variety of PA-based drug delivery carriers in the form of solid implants, pasty injectable formulations, microspheres, nanoparticles, etc. have been developed for the sustained release of small molecule drugs, and vaccines, peptide drugs, and nucleic acid-based active agents. The rate of drug delivery is often controlled by the polymer erosion rate, which is influenced by the polymer structure and composition, crystallinity, hydrophobicity, pH of the release medium, device size, configuration, etc. Owing to the above-mentioned interesting physicochemical and mechanical properties of PAs, the present review focuses on the advancements made in the domain of synthetic biodegradable biomedical PAs for therapeutic delivery applications. Various classes of PAs, their structures, their unique characteristics, their physicochemical and mechanical properties, and factors influencing surface erosion are discussed in detail. The review also summarizes various methods involved in the synthesis of PAs and their utility in the biomedical domain as drug, vaccine, and peptide delivery carriers in different formulations are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Centre for Cannabis Research and the Institute of Drug Research, The Alex Grass Centre for Drug Design and Synthesis, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Centre for Cannabis Research and the Institute of Drug Research, The Alex Grass Centre for Drug Design and Synthesis, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
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Baruah N, Halder P, Koley H, Katti DS. Stable Recombinant Invasion Plasmid Antigen C (IpaC)-Based Single Dose Nanovaccine for Shigellosis. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3884-3893. [PMID: 36122190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shigellosis, caused by the bacteria Shigella, is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea and the second leading cause of diarrheal death among children under the age of five. Unfortunately, Shigella strains have acquired resistance to antibiotics, and a commercial vaccine is yet to be available. We have previously demonstrated that Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (Sd1)-based recombinant, stabilized, "invasion plasmid antigen C" (IpaC; 42 kDa) protein can induce robust immune responses in BALB/c mice against a challenge of a high dose of heterologous Shigella when immunized via three intranasal doses of IpaC without an adjuvant. In this work, in order to reduce the frequency of dosing and increase possible patient compliance, based on our previous screening, the minimum protective dose of stabilized IpaC (20 μg) was encapsulated in biodegradable polymeric poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (∼370 nm) and intranasally administered in BALB/c mice in a single dose. Interestingly, a single intranasal dose of the developed vaccine particles encapsulating only 20 μg of Sd1 IpaC led to a temporal increase in the antibody production with an improved cytokine response compared to free IpaC administered three times as described in our previous report. Upon intraperitoneal challenge with a high dose of heterologous Shigella flexneri 2a (common in circulation), the immunized animals were protected from diarrhea, lethargy, and weight loss with ∼67% survival, while all the control animals died by 36 h of the challenge. Overall, the developed nanovaccine could be explored as a potential noninvasive, cross-protective, single-dose, single-antigen Shigella vaccine amenable for scale-up and eventual mass immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Baruah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Prolay Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Izeli Portilho A, Araujo Correa V, Dos Santos Cirqueira C, De Gaspari E. Intranasal and Intramuscular Immunization with Outer Membrane Vesicles from Serogroup C Meningococci Induced Functional Antibodies and Immunologic Memory. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2066-2085. [PMID: 35950702 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunization is the key to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can be used as meningococcal antigens. METHODS Isogenic mice A/Sn (H2a) were immunized with low antigenic doses of OMVs of an N. meningitidis C:2a:P1.5 strain, via intranasal/intramuscular route, adjuvanted by cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) or via intramuscular route only, adjuvanted by aluminium hydroxide (AH). Mice were followed until old age and humoral and cellular responses were assessed by ELISA, Immunoblotting, Dot-blot, Serum-bactericidal assay, Immunohistochemistry and ELISpot. RESULTS OMV+CTB and OMV+AH groups presented statistically higher antibodies titers, which persisted until middle and old ages. IgG isotypes point to a Th2 type of response. Avidity indexes were considered high, regardless of adjuvant use, but only groups immunized with OMVs and adjuvants (OMV+CTB and OMV+AH) presented bactericidal activity. The antibodies recognized antigens of molecular weights attributed to porin and cross-reactivity proteins. Although the spleen of old mice did not present differences in immunohistochemistry marking of CD68+, CD4+, CD79+ and CD25+ cells, splenocytes of immune groups secreted IL-4 and IL-17 when stimulated with OMVs and meningococcal C polysaccharide. CONCLUSION We concluded that both adjuvants, CTB and AH, improved the immunogenicity of low doses of OMVs and contributed to a persistent immune response. Even though AH is well established in the vaccinology area, CTB seems to be a promising adjuvant candidate for meningococcal vaccines: it is suitable for mucosal delivery and supports a Th2 type of response. Therefore, OMVs are still a relevant vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Araujo Correa
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Correa VA, Portilho AI, De Gaspari E. Immunological Effects of Dimethyldioctadecylammonium Bromide and Saponin as Adjuvants for Outer Membrane Vesicles from Neisseria meningitidis. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030046. [PMID: 35892740 PMCID: PMC9326571 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The meningococcal disease is a global health threat, but is preventable through vaccination. Adjuvants improve meningococcal vaccines and are able to trigger different aspects of the immune response. The present work evaluated the immune response of mice against Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles (OMV) complexed with the adjuvants aluminium hydroxide (AH), via subcutaneous route; and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) or Saponin (Sap), via intranasal/subcutaneous routes. ELISA demonstrated that all adjuvants increased IgG titers after the booster dose, remaining elevated for 18 months. Additionally, adjuvants increased the avidity of the antibodies and the bactericidal titer: OMVs alone were bactericidal until 1:4 dilution but, when adjuvanted by Alum, DDA or Sap, it increased to 1/32. DDA and Sap increased all IgG isotypes, while AH improved IgG1 and IgG2a levels. Thus, Sap led to the recognition of more proteins in Immunoblot, followed by DDA and AH. Sap and AH induced higher IL-4 and IL-17 release, respectively. The use of adjuvants improved both cellular and humoral immune response, however, each adjuvant contributed to particular parameters. This demonstrates the importance of studying different adjuvant options and their suitability to stimulate different immune mechanisms, modulating the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Araujo Correa
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 11th Floor, Room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (V.A.C.); (A.I.P.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB Hall III, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 11th Floor, Room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (V.A.C.); (A.I.P.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB Hall III, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 11th Floor, Room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (V.A.C.); (A.I.P.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB Hall III, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3068-2898
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10
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Ryabchevskaya EM, Granovskiy DL, Evtushenko EA, Ivanov PA, Kondakova OA, Nikitin NA, Karpova OV. Designing Stable Bacillus anthracis Antigens with a View to Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040806. [PMID: 35456639 PMCID: PMC9025368 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that affects mammals, including humans. Recombinant B. anthracis protective antigen (rPA) is the most common basis for modern anthrax vaccine candidates. However, this protein is characterised by low stability due to proteolysis and deamidation. Here, for the first time, two modification variants leading to full-size rPA stabilisation have been implemented simultaneously, through deamidation-prone asparagine residues substitution and by inactivation of proteolysis sites. Obtained modified rPA (rPA83m) has been demonstrated to be stable in various temperature conditions. Additionally, rPA1+2 containing PA domains I and II and rPA3+4 containing domains III and IV, including the same modifications, have been shown to be stable as well. These antigens can serve as the basis for a vaccine, since the protective properties of PA can be attributed to individual PA domains. The stability of each of three modified anthrax antigens has been considerably improved in compositions with tobacco mosaic virus-based spherical particles (SPs). rPA1+2/rPA3+4/rPA83m in compositions with SPs have maintained their antigenic specificity even after 40 days of incubation at +37 °C. Considering previously proven adjuvant properties and safety of SPs, their compositions with rPA83m/rPA1+2/rPA3+4 in any combinations might be suitable as a basis for new-generation anthrax vaccines.
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Song X, Zhang W, Zhai L, Guo J, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Hu L, Xiong X, Zhou D, Lv M, Yang W. Aerosolized Intratracheal Inoculation of Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA) Vaccine Provides Protection Against Inhalational Anthrax in B10.D2-Hc 0 Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:819089. [PMID: 35154137 PMCID: PMC8826967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is a fatal zoonotic disease with a high lethality and poor prognosis. Inhalational anthrax is the most severe of the three forms of anthrax. The currently licensed commercial human anthrax vaccines require a complex immunization procedure for efficacy and have side effects that limit its use in emergent situations. Thus, development of a better anthrax vaccine is necessary. In this study, we evaluate the potency and efficacy of aerosolized intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation with recombinant protective antigen (rPA) subunit vaccines against aerosolized B. anthracis Pasteur II spores (an attenuated strain) challenge in a B10.D2-Hc0 mouse (deficient in complement component C5) model. Immunization of rPA in liquid, powder or powder reconstituted formulations via i.t. route conferred 100% protection against a 20× LD50 aerosolized Pasteur II spore challenge in mice, compared with only 50% of subcutaneous (s.c.) injection with liquid rPA. Consistently, i.t. inoculation of rPA vaccines induced a higher lethal toxin (LeTx) neutralizing antibody titer, a stronger lung mucosal immune response and a greater cellular immune response than s.c. injection. Our results demonstrate that immunization with rPA dry powder vaccine via i.t. route may provide a stable and effective strategy to improve currently available anthrax vaccines and B10.D2-Hc0 mice challenged with B. anthracis attenuated strains might be an alternative model for anthrax vaccine candidate screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Celis-Giraldo CT, López-Abán J, Muro A, Patarroyo MA, Manzano-Román R. Nanovaccines against Animal Pathogens: The Latest Findings. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090988. [PMID: 34579225 PMCID: PMC8472905 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, safe and efficacious vaccines represent powerful and cost-effective tools for global health and economic growth. In the veterinary field, these are undoubtedly key tools for improving productivity and fighting zoonoses. However, cases of persistent infections, rapidly evolving pathogens having high variability or emerging/re-emerging pathogens for which no effective vaccines have been developed point out the continuing need for new vaccine alternatives to control outbreaks. Most licensed vaccines have been successfully used for many years now; however, they have intrinsic limitations, such as variable efficacy, adverse effects, and some shortcomings. More effective adjuvants and novel delivery systems may foster real vaccine effectiveness and timely implementation. Emerging vaccine technologies involving nanoparticles such as self-assembling proteins, virus-like particles, liposomes, virosomes, and polymeric nanoparticles offer novel, safe, and high-potential approaches to address many vaccine development-related challenges. Nanotechnology is accelerating the evolution of vaccines because nanomaterials having encapsulation ability and very advantageous properties due to their size and surface area serve as effective vehicles for antigen delivery and immunostimulatory agents. This review discusses the requirements for an effective, broad-coverage-elicited immune response, the main nanoplatforms for producing it, and the latest nanovaccine applications for fighting animal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Teresa Celis-Giraldo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (R.M.-R.)
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (R.M.-R.)
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