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Kemp TJ, Panicker G, Eklund C, Nie J, Wang Y, Beddows S, Rigsby P, Huang W, Dillner J, Unger ER, Pinto LA, Wilkinson DE. WHO International Standards for antibodies to HPV6 HPV11 HPV31 HPV33 HPV45 HPV52 and HPV58. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:165. [PMID: 39256440 PMCID: PMC11387505 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously established World Health Organization (WHO) International Standards (IS) for anti-HPV16 and HPV18 antibodies are used to harmonize results across human papillomavirus (HPV) serology assays. Here, we present an international collaborative study to establish ISs for antibodies against HPV6 (NIBSC code 19/298), HPV11 (20/174), HPV31 (20/176), HPV33 (19/290), HPV45 (20/178), HPV52 (19/296) and HPV58 (19/300). The candidate standards were prepared using sera from naturally infected individuals. Each candidate was shown to be monospecific for reactivity against its indicated HPV type except for the HPV11 candidate, which was also reactive against other types. Expression of antibody levels relative to the relevant candidate IS reduced inter-laboratory variation allowing greater comparability between laboratories. Based on these results, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established each of the 7 candidates as the 1st IS for antiserum to its indicated HPV type for use in the standardization of HPV pseudovirion-based neutralization and antibody-binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Kemp
- Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Gitika Panicker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carina Eklund
- Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jianhui Nie
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Youchun Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Simon Beddows
- UK Health Security Agency, Virus Reference Department, London, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), South Mimms, UK
| | - Weijin Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Dianna E Wilkinson
- Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), South Mimms, UK.
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van Eer K, Dzebisasjvili T, Steenbergen RDM, King AJ. Comparative Analysis of HPV16 Variants in the Untranslated Regulatory Region, L1, and E6 Genes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Women: Assessing Vaccine Efficacy and Viral Diversity. Viruses 2024; 16:1381. [PMID: 39339857 PMCID: PMC11435937 DOI: 10.3390/v16091381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
HPV16 is occasionally detected in vaccinated women who received the bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine, usually at low viral loads. This study explored potential differences in HPV16 variants between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. HPV16-postive viral loads were detected in 1.9% (17/875) and 13% (162/760) of vaccinated and unvaccinated women, respectively, showcasing the vaccine's high efficacy. The L1, E6, and URR regions of HPV16 were sequenced from genital swabs from 16 vaccinated and 25 unvaccinated women in the HAVANA (HPV Among Vaccinated And Non-vaccinated Adolescents) study. The majority of HPV16 variants from vaccinated and unvaccinated women clustered similarly with sub-lineages A1 and A2. Additionally, a separate cluster within lineage A was found, with the variants sharing the L1-located SNP A753G (synonymous) and the URR-located SNP T340C, which did not occur in the other variants. Furthermore, four variants from vaccinated women had relatively long branches, but were not characterized by specific SNPs. The frequency of G712A in the URR was the only SNP observed to be marginally higher among vaccinated women than unvaccinated women. Non-synonymous SNPs T266A in the FG-loop of L1 and L83V in E6 were common among variants from vaccinated and unvaccinated women, but present in similar frequencies. In conclusion, the detection of HPV16 in vaccinated (and unvaccinated) women seemed to be the result of random circulation within this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahren van Eer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (K.v.E.); (T.D.)
| | - Tsira Dzebisasjvili
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (K.v.E.); (T.D.)
| | - Renske D. M. Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey J. King
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (K.v.E.); (T.D.)
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Téblick L, Pattyn J, Van Keer S, De Smet A, De Coster I, Tjalma WAA, Rajbhandari I, Panicker G, Unger ER, Vorsters A. Follow-up of humoral immune response after HPV vaccination using first-void urine: A longitudinal cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29133. [PMID: 37812015 PMCID: PMC11057001 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of humoral immune responses following human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination currently relies on invasive blood sampling. This longitudinal cohort study explores the usability of first-void urine as a noninvasive alternative sample for antibody detection. In this study, 58 women receiving three doses of the 9vHPV vaccine within a Gardasil9 (9vHPV) Phase III randomized controlled trial were included. Participants provided paired first-void urine and blood samples before vaccination (M0), 1 month after the third dose (M7), and ~3 years after the third dose (M43). Type-specific antibody responses to the 9vHPV types were analyzed in 174 first-void urine and 172 serum samples using a virus-like particle-based IgG multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, total human IgG concentrations were determined using the BioPlex assay. At M7, 1 month after complete 9vHPV vaccination, 95%-100% of first-void urine and 100% of serum samples had detectable concentrations, varying by HPV type. At M43, 84%-100% of first-void urine and 98%-100% of serum samples had HPV-specific antibody concentrations. Results show significant Spearman rank correlations between type-specific HPV-antibody concentrations for paired first-void urine and serum at all time points. This study confirms the potential feasibility of utilizing first-void urine as a noninvasive immunological sample within HPV vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Téblick
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jade Pattyn
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Severien Van Keer
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie De Smet
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Coster
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wiebren A. A. Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Gynecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) (Belgium), Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy, and Oncology (MIPRO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ira Rajbhandari
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gitika Panicker
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alex Vorsters
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Panwar K, Godi A, Cocuzza CE, Andrews N, Southern J, Turner P, Miller E, Beddows S. Multiplex Human Papillomavirus L1L2 virus-like particle antibody binding assay. MethodsX 2022; 9:101776. [PMID: 35813158 PMCID: PMC9260319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of in vitro techniques are available to estimate the level of antibodies present in human serum samples. Such tests are highly specific and are used to determine prior exposure to a pathogen or to estimate the magnitude, breadth and durability of individual and population level vaccine immunity. Multiplex (or multi-analyte) platforms are increasingly being used to evaluate immune responses against multiple antigens at the same time, usually at reduced per sample cost and a more efficient use of available samples. Consequently, multiplex serology is an essential component of a wide range of public health programmes. Human papillomavirus (HPV) serology is limited to a small number of academic, public health and vaccine manufacturer laboratories globally. Such platforms include indirect binding to the major (L1) capsid protein virus-like particles (VLP), monoclonal antibody competition against L1 VLP and indirect binding to L1 and L2 (minor capsid protein) VLP on multiplex (Luminex®, Meso Scale Discovery®) and standard (ELISA) platforms. The methodology described here utilizes a common multi-analyte platform and L1L2-based VLP expressed in house, which allows the simultaneous detection and quantification of antibody responses against nine vaccine-relevant HPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Panwar
- Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Anna Godi
- Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | | | - Nick Andrews
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Jo Southern
- Immunisation and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Paul Turner
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Immunisation and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Simon Beddows
- Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Corresponding author at: Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
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