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Liu FC, Xie M, Rao W. Clinical application of COVID-19 vaccine in liver transplant recipients. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:339-343. [PMID: 37620225 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant (SOT) activities, such as liver transplant, have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Immunosuppressed individuals of liver transplant recipients (LTRs) tend to have a high risk of COVID-19 infection and related complications. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended to be administered as early as possible in LTRs. DATA SOURCES The keywords "liver transplant", "SARS-CoV-2", and "vaccine" were used to retrieve articles published in PubMed. RESULTS The antibody response following the 1st and 2nd doses of vaccination was disappointingly low, and the immune responses among LTRs remarkably improved after the 3rd or 4th dose of vaccination. Although the 3rd or 4th dose of COVID-19 vaccine increased the antibody titer, a proportion of patients remained unresponsive. Furthermore, recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could trigger adverse events in LTRs, including allograft rejection and liver injury. CONCLUSIONS This review provides the recently reported data on the antibody response of LTRs following various doses of vaccine, risk factors for poor serological response and adverse events after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chao Liu
- Division of Hepatology, Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Institute of Organ Donation and Transplantation of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Man Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Division of Hepatology, Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Institute of Organ Donation and Transplantation of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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2
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Azamar-Llamas D, Arenas-Martinez JS, Olivas-Martinez A, Jimenez JV, Kauffman-Ortega E, García-Carrera CJ, Papacristofilou-Riebeling B, Rivera-López FE, García-Juárez I. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on liver transplant recipients. Experience in a reference center in Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301198. [PMID: 38547193 PMCID: PMC10977796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be effective to prevent symptomatic infection and severe disease even in immunocompromised patients including liver transplant patients. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the mortality and development of severe and critical disease in our center. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of LT patients in a reference center between March 2020 and February 2022. Demographic data, cirrhosis etiology, time on liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, and vaccination status were recorded at the time of diagnosis. Primary outcome was death due to COVID-19, and secondary outcomes included the development of severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) requirement. RESULTS 153 of 324 LT recipients developed COVID-19, in whom the main causes of cirrhosis were HCV infection and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The vaccines used were BNT162b2 (48.6%), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (21.6%), mRNA-1273 vaccine (1.4%), Sputnik V (14.9%), Ad5-nCoV-S (4.1%) and CoronaVac (9.5%). Case fatality and ICU requirement risk were similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated LT patients (adjusted relative case fatality for vaccinated versus unvaccinated of 0.68, 95% CI 0.14-3.24, p = 0.62; adjusted relative risk [aRR] for ICU requirement of 0.45, 95% CI 0.11-1.88, p = 0.27). Nonetheless, vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe disease (aRR for severe disease of 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.71, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 in LT patients, regardless of the scheme used. Vaccination should be encouraged for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Azamar-Llamas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Antonio Olivas-Martinez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jose Victor Jimenez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Eric Kauffman-Ortega
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristian J García-Carrera
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabián E Rivera-López
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio García-Juárez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ducasa N, Benencio P, Mauro E, Anders M, Mazzitelli B, Bleichmar L, Quiroga MF, Barbero M, Cairo F, Alter A, Etcheves P, Scarton G, Sobenko N, Biglione M, Mendizabal M. Evaluation of the humoral response to the third dose of SARS-COV-2 vaccines in liver transplant recipients. Vaccine 2023; 41:7663-7670. [PMID: 38007341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) commonly develop an unsatisfactory humoral response to vaccines compared to immunocompetent individuals (IC). We have previously evaluated the humoral response in liver transplant recipients (LTR) who received two-dose vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and reported that 38 % of LTR did not produce anti-Spike antibodies. Thus, we set out to evaluate the humoral response after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. For this purpose, samples from a cohort of 81 LTR and 27 IC were extracted between 21 and 90 days after the third dose. Serology for anti-Spike IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against Wuhan, Delta and Omicron variants were evaluated. We found that 73.5 % of LTR were responders for anti-Spike IgG, while all the IC mounted a measurable response. LTR who responded to the third dose showed significantly lower anti-Spike IgG levels and neutralizing antibodies than IC. We found that there is less neutralization in LTR compared to IC across all variants. Specifically, the neutralization titers in both groups decrease when encountering the Delta variant, and this decline is even more pronounced with the Omicron variant, compared to the Wuhan variant. Furthermore, we identified that the use of high doses of mycophenolate and advanced age were factors that negatively affected the development of anti-Spike IgG antibodies. Regarding vaccine regimes, the regime viral vector/mRNA/mRNA elicited significantly higher responses in LTR compared to other vaccine schemes. In addition to the recommended and necessary booster doses in this population, strategies that achieve adequate immunization should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ducasa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula Benencio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Mauro
- Liver Transplant Unit and Liver Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos, Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Anders
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bianca Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Bleichmar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Barbero
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital El Cruce, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Cairo
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital El Cruce, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Sobenko
- Liver Transplant Unit and Liver Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos, Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirna Biglione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Mendizabal
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yu B, Tamargo C, Brennan DC, Kant S. Measures to Increase Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1755. [PMID: 38140160 PMCID: PMC10748337 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review: To review the data on the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines, administered by different strategies, in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Recent findings: COVID-19 booster vaccines were given to SOTRs as a widespread practice in many transplant centers, mostly as the third and/or fourth dose in an extended vaccine series, with a significantly improved humoral response compared with the initial two-dose scheme. However, one-third of SOTRs remained unresponsive, despite these boosters. Next steps: Vaccination with standard dosing remains the most feasible strategy for attaining protection against COVID-19. Additional booster doses and temporarily holding or reducing mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid may provide immunogenicity to vaccines, according to recent studies demonstrating some efficacy with these measures. Preexposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies showed benefit in immunocompromised patients but is no longer recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) due to diminished efficacy against Omicron and recent variants. Screening for the presence and titers of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in SOTRs is not recommended in most clinical settings. T cell-based techniques are needed to evaluate vaccine efficacy and risk of infection. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, new vaccines based on conservative protein component/complexes of the COVID virus, in addition to its spike protein, are warranted to offer prolonged protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Christina Tamargo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Daniel C. Brennan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sam Kant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Zhang L, Yang J, Lai C, Wan L, Xiong S, Kong W, Liu Z, Yu P, Chen M, Mai W, Khan SA, Deng M, Chen L, Lei Y, Zhou Q, Yu N, Li P, Chen Z, Ji T. Immunity against Delta and Omicron variants elicited by homologous inactivated vaccine booster in kidney transplant recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1042784. [PMID: 36700230 PMCID: PMC9868555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A third mRNA vaccine booster is recommended to improve immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral strain and Delta and Omicron variants elicited by the third dose of inactivated booster vaccine in KTRs remains unknown. Methods The blood parameters related to blood cells count, hepatic function, kidney function, heart injury and immunity were explored clinically from laboratory examinations. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody IgG titer was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular immunity was analyzed using interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results The results showed that there were no severe adverse effects and apparent changes of clinical laboratory biomarkers in KTRs and healthy volunteers (HVs) after homologous inactivated vaccine booster. A third dose of inactivated vaccine booster significantly increased anti-Ancestral-spike-trimer-IgG and anti-Ancestral-receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG titers in KTRs and HVs compared with the second vaccination. However, the anti-Delta-RBD-IgG and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG titers were significantly lower than anti-Ancestral-RBD-IgG titer in KTRs and HVs after the third dose. Notably, only 25.6% (10/39) and 10.3% (4/39) of KTRs had seropositivity for anti-Delta-RBD-IgG and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG after booster, which were significantly lower than HVs (anti-Delta-RBD-IgG: 100%, anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG: 77.8%). Ancestral strain nucleocapsid protein and spike specific T cell frequency after booster was not significantly increased in KTRs compared with the second dose, significantly lower than that in HVs. Moreover, 33.3% (12/36), 14.3% (3/21) and 14.3% (3/21) of KTRs were positive for the Ancestral strain and Delta and Omicron spike-specific T cells, which were significantly lower than HVs (Ancestral: 80.8%, Delta: 53.8%, and Omicron: 57.7%). Conclusions A third dose of inactivated booster vaccine may significantly increase humoral immunity against the Ancestral strain in KTRs, while humoral and cellular immunity against the Delta and Omicron variants were still poor in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Kidney Transplant Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchun Lai
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wan
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiya Kong
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiao Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weikang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Min Deng
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Tianxing Ji, ; Zheng Chen, ; Pingchao Li, ; Nan Yu,
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tianxing Ji, ; Zheng Chen, ; Pingchao Li, ; Nan Yu,
| | - Zheng Chen
- Kidney Transplant Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tianxing Ji, ; Zheng Chen, ; Pingchao Li, ; Nan Yu,
| | - Tianxing Ji
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tianxing Ji, ; Zheng Chen, ; Pingchao Li, ; Nan Yu,
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Yu P, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Yang J, Deng M, Chen M, Lai C, Kong W, Xiong S, Wan L, Mai W, Chen L, Lei Y, Khan SA, Ruan J, Kang A, Guo X, Zhou Q, Li W, Chen Z, Liang Y, Li P, Zhang L, Ji T. Omicron variants breakthrough infection elicited higher specific memory immunity than third dose booster in healthy vaccinees. Virol Sin 2023; 38:233-243. [PMID: 36603767 PMCID: PMC10176432 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous booster, heterologous booster, and Omicron variants breakthrough infection (OBI) could improve the humoral immunity against Omicron variants. Questions concerning about memory B cells (MBCs) and T cells immunity against Omicron variants, features of long-term immunity, after booster and OBI, needs to be explored. Here, comparative analysis demonstrate antibody and T cell immunity against ancestral strain, Delta and Omicron variants in Omicron breakthrough infected patients (OBIPs) are comparable to that in Ad5-nCoV boosted healthy volunteers (HVs), higher than that in inactivated vaccine (InV) boosted HVs. However, memory B cells (MBCs) immunity against Omicron variants was highest in OBIPs, followed by Ad5-nCoV boosted and InV boosted HVs. OBIPs and Ad5-nCoV boosted HVs have higher classical MBCs and activated MBCs, and lower naïve MBCs and atypical MBCs relative to both vaccine boosted HVs. Collectively, these data indicate Omicron breakthrough infection elicit higher MBCs and T cells against SARS-CoV-2 especially Omicron variants relative to homologous InV booster and heterologous Ad5-nCoV booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523016, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min Deng
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Mingxiao Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Changchun Lai
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Weiya Kong
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Li Wan
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Weikang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Kashmir Pakistan 12350, Pakistan
| | - Jianfeng Ruan
- Hospital Infection-Control Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - An Kang
- Medical Examination Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xuguang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523016, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Kidney Transplant Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yuemei Liang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523016, China.
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Kidney Transplant Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China; Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, China.
| | - Tianxing Ji
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Wang SY, Liu WQ, Li YQ, Li JX, Zhu FC. A China-developed adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccine: review of the development and application of Ad5-nCov. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:704-713. [PMID: 37501516 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2242528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global spread of COVID-19 has prompted the development of vaccines. A recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) developed by Chinese scientists has been authorized for use as a prime and booster dose in China and several other countries. AREAS COVERED We searched published articles as of 4 May 2023, on PubMed using keywords related to Adenovirus vector, vaccine, and SARS-CoV-2. We reported the progress and outcomes of Ad5-nCov, including vaccine efficacy, safety, immunogenicity based on pre-clinical trials, clinical trials, and real-world studies for primary and booster doses. EXPERT OPINION Ad5-nCoV is a significant advancement in Chinese vaccine development technology. Evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies has demonstrated well-tolerated, highly immunogenic, and efficacy of Ad5-nCoV in preventing severe/critical COVID-19. Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, given via a novel route, could elicit mucosal immunity and improve the vaccine efficacy, enhance the production capacity and availability, and reduce the potential negative impact of preexisting antibodies. However, additional research is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV, its efficacy against emerging variants, its effectiveness in a real-world context of hybrid immunity, and its cost-effectiveness, particularly with respect to aerosolized Ad5-nCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yu Wang
- Department of Immunization Programe, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Kierkegaard H, Røge BT, Nissen A, Madsen JS. Long-Term Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers: Effectiveness of Homologous and Heterologous Regimens and Their Relation to Systemic Vaccine-Associated Symptoms. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101599. [PMID: 36298464 PMCID: PMC9611514 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study provides data on the long-term humoral immunogenicity of a heterologous off-label vaccine regimen combining the adenoviral-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 from Astra-Zeneca (ChAd) with the mRNA-1273 vaccine from Moderna (m1273) in comparison with two different homologous mRNA vaccine schedules. Of the 316 COVID-19 naïve adult health care workers (HCW) included to complete a survey on vaccine-associated symptoms (VAS), 197 had received the homologous BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT/BNT), 76 the homologous m1273/m1273, and 43 the heterologous ChAd/m1273 vaccine regimen. The concentration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in plasma 5−7 months after the second vaccine dose was higher in the m1273/m1273 and ChAd/m1273 than the BNT/BNT vaccine group. The frequency of systemic VAS after the first vaccine dose was 86% after ChAd compared with 35% and 39% after BNT and m1273, respectively (p < 0.0001), and after the second vaccine dose, the highest (89%) in the m1273/m1273 group (p < 0.001). Individuals with systemic VAS achieved higher levels of antibodies irrespective of vaccine regimen. In conclusion, VAS serve as a strong predictor of long-term humoral immune response, and the heterologous ChAd/m1273 vaccine regimen provides an at least equal long-term humoral immune response compared with the standard vaccine regimens used in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kierkegaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Birgit Thorup Røge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
| | - Amanda Nissen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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