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Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Lazzarini G, De Cicco V, Briganti A, Argento S, De Cicco D, Barresi M, Cataldo E, Bruschini L, d'Ascanio P, Pirone A, Lenzi C, Vannozzi I, Miragliotta V, Faraguna U, Manzoni D. The path from trigeminal asymmetry to cognitive impairment: a behavioral and molecular study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4744. [PMID: 33637775 PMCID: PMC7910455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal input exerts acute and chronic effects on the brain, modulating cognitive functions. Here, new data from humans and animals suggest that these effects are caused by trigeminal influences on the Locus Coeruleus (LC). In humans subjects clenching with masseter asymmetric activity, occlusal correction improved cognition, alongside with reductions in pupil size and anisocoria, proxies of LC activity and asymmetry, respectively. Notably, reductions in pupil size at rest on the hypertonic side predicted cognitive improvements. In adult rats, a distal unilateral section of the trigeminal mandibular branch reduced, on the contralateral side, the expression of c-Fos (brainstem) and BDNF (brainstem, hippocampus, frontal cortex). This counterintuitive finding can be explained by the following model: teeth contact perception loss on the lesioned side results in an increased occlusal effort, which enhances afferent inputs from muscle spindles and posterior periodontal receptors, spared by the distal lesion. Such effort leads to a reduced engagement of the intact side, with a corresponding reduction in the afferent inputs to the LC and in c-Fos and BDNF gene expression. In conclusion, acute effects of malocclusion on performance seem mediated by the LC, which could also contribute to the chronic trophic dysfunction induced by loss of trigeminal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Briganti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Argento
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide De Cicco
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Barresi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and CriticalCare Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola d'Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Lenzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Vannozzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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Hakimiha N, Dehghan MM, Manaheji H, Zaringhalam J, Farzad-Mohajeri S, Fekrazad R, Moslemi N. Recovery of inferior alveolar nerve by photobiomodulation therapy using two laser wavelengths: A behavioral and immunological study in rat. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 204:111785. [PMID: 31954267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative sensory disturbances of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) are major challenges in dental procedures. We aimed to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with 810 nm and 980 nm diode lasers on behavioral and immunological factors in a rat IAN crush model. Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to the four groups of 810 nm laser (crush injury+810 nm laser; 6 J/cm2, 15 sessions, every 48 h), 980 nm laser (crush injury+980 nm laser; same protocol), control (crush injury without irradiation), and sham surgery (no crush injury and no irradiation). The neurosensory response of IAN was evaluated by Von Frey behavioral test before (baseline) and post-surgery in a period of one month. Changes of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-α, and IL-1β, were assessed on days 2 and 30 post injury. Data were analyzed for significant differences by repeated measures and one-way ANOVA (p < .05). One day after surgery, all rats subjected to nerve injury showed significant increase in the withdrawal threshold of von Frey test compared to the baseline (p = .02 for control and p = .03 for laser groups). The threshold gradually returned to the baseline scores in 810 nm, 980 nm, and control groups from days 11, 17, and 29, respectively. There was a significant lower withdrawal threshold in 810 nm and 980 nm laser groups compared to the control group in days 11 to 19 and 9 to 23, respectively. At both time points, the levels of NGF and BDNF were significantly higher in 810 nm laser group compared to the control group. There was a significant difference between laser and control groups regarding NF-κB expression (all p values<.001). TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly lower in laser groups compared to the control group (all p values < .001). PBMT with 810 and 980 nm diode laser protocol used in this study, promoted the neurosensory recovery of IAN after crush injury in rats. In addition, application of 810 nm diode laser was associated with more improvement in immunological responses compared to that of 980 nm laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Manaheji
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and ResearchNetwork (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Moslemi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Němec I, Smrčka V, Pokorný J. The Effect of Sensory Innervation on the Inorganic Component of Bones and Teeth; Experimental Denervation - Review. Prague Med Rep 2019; 119:137-147. [PMID: 30779698 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the nervous system on bone remodelling has been described by many studies. Sensory and autonomic nerves are present in the bone. Immunohistochemical analysis of the bone have indicated the presence of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters that act on bone cells through receptors. Besides carrying sensory information, sensory neurons produce various neuropeptides playing an important role in maintaining bone and tooth pulp homeostasis, and dentin formation. Bone tissue and teeth contain organic and inorganic components. Bone cells enable bone mineralization and ensure its formation and resorption. Studies focused on the effects of the nervous system on the bone are proceeded using various ways. Sensory denervation itself can be achieved using capsaicin causing chemical lesion to the nerve. Surgical ways of causing only sensory lesion to nerves are substantially limited because many peripheral nerves are mixed and contain a motor component as well. From this point of view, the experimental model with transection of inferior alveolar nerve is appropriate. This nerve provides sensory innervation of the bone and teeth of the mandible. The purpose of our paper is to provide an overview of the effects exerted by the nervous system on the inorganic component of the bone and teeth, and also to present an overview of the used experimental models. As we assume, the transection of inferior alveolar nerve could be reflected in changed contents and distribution of chemical elements in the bone and teeth of rat mandible. This issue has not been studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Němec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Smrčka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Na Bulovce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pokorný
- Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Chidiac JJ, Kassab A, Rifai K, Al-Chaer ED, Saadé NE. Contribution of capsaicin-sensitive innervation to the continuous eruption of the rat mandibular incisors. Anat Sci Int 2018; 94:136-143. [PMID: 30229540 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-018-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A major component of tooth innervation is made of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPA). These fibers play a key role in tooth pain and inflammation; little is known, however, about the role of CSPA in tooth eruption. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the capsaicin-sensitive afferents in the process of eruption of intact rat incisors. CSPA fibers in several rat groups, were subjected to one of the following experimental procedures: systemic chemical ablation, systemic ablation followed by chemical sympathectomy and localized activation. The observed effects on incisor eruption were compared to those made on controls. The total amount of eruption in control/naïve rats, measured over a total period of 144 h, was 3.18 ± 0.07 mm and decreased to 2.43 ± 0.08 mm (n = 7; p < 0.001) following systemic ablation of CSPA. Further decrease to 2.24 ± 0.08 mm (n = 7; p < 0.001) was noticed when chemical sympathectomy was added to CSPA ablation. The average rate of eruption was 1.7 ± 0.25 mm following CSPA activation, compared to an average of 0.8 ± 0.07 mm for controls (n = 7; p < 0.001). Capsaicin sensitive fibers play an important role in tooth homeostasis, and intact neural supply is required for tooth growth under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammar Kassab
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khaldoun Rifai
- School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie D Al-Chaer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saadé
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Chidiac JJ, Kassab A, Rifai K, Saadé NE, Al Chaer ED. Modulation of incisor eruption in rats by sympathetic efferents. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:31-36. [PMID: 29432940 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intact neural supply is necessary for tooth eruption. Sympathetic denervation accelerates or decelerates the eruption rate depending on the tooth condition (intact or injured). The aim of this study is to reexamine the role of the sympathetic innervation, through the observation of the effects of pre or post ganglionic chemical sympathectomy on the eruption of intact rat incisors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different groups of rats were subjected to either ganglionic or peripheral chemical sympathectomy and the observed effects on incisor eruption were compared to those made on intact/sham groups or on rats subjected to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) lesion. RESULTS The total amount of eruption in control/naïve rats, measured over a total period of 144 h, was 3 ± 0.15 mm and decreased to 2.57 ± 0.06 mm (n = 8; p < 0.01) or 2.8 ± 0.10 mm (n = 8; p < 0.05) following treatment with guanethidine and hexamethonium, respectively. This amount decreased to 1.8 ± 0.14 mm (p < 0.001 vs. control, n = 7; or p < 0.01 vs. sham, n = 5) in rats subjected to IAN lesion. CONCLUSION Sympathectomy delayed tooth eruption. Blocking the sympathetic effectors with guanethidine exerted more potent effects than ganglionic block with hexamethonium. Intact sympathetic supply is required for tooth growth under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Johann Chidiac
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Lebanon.
| | - Ammar Kassab
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khaldoun Rifai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saadé
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie D Al Chaer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
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Ceber M, Sener U, Mihmanli A, Kilic U, Topcu B, Karakas M. The relationship between changes in the expression of growth associated protein-43 and functional recovery of the injured inferior alveolar nerve following transection without repair in adult rats. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1906-13. [PMID: 26421471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in the expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in trigeminal ganglions (TGs) and in the distal stumps of transected inferior alveolar nerves (IANs), and to clarify the relationship between these changes and functional recovery of the transected IAN without repair using a rat IAN axotomy model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Following transection, GAP-43 expression was measured at multiple time points. The functional recovery of the transected IAN was evaluated based on the compound muscle action potentials recorded from the digastric muscle. RESULTS GAP-43 expression in TGs was significantly higher at 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days following IAN transection compared to that in samples from sham-operated rats (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, p = 0.007, and p = 0.023, respectively). GAP-43 expression in the distal stumps of transected IANs was significantly higher at 2, 7, 14, and 28 days following IAN transection compared to that in samples taken from sham rats (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, and p = 0.009, respectively). GAP-43 expression in the distal stumps of transected IANs returned nearly to sham levels by day 56 following IAN transection. On days 7, 14, 28, and 56 following transection, the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential gradually increased, the latency gradually decreased, and the duration gradually increased. The amplitude, latency, and duration of the compound muscle action potentials nearly returned to sham levels on post-transection day 56. CONCLUSIONS Time-dependent changes in the expression of GAP-43 in both TGs and distal stumps of transected IANs without repair are synchronously consistent with the regeneration and functional recovery of the transected IAN. The recovery of the amplitude, latency, and duration of the compound muscle action potentials indicates increased myelination and increased axon density of the regenerated nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ceber
- Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Umit Sener
- Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mihmanli
- Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birol Topcu
- Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Merve Karakas
- Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
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