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HA-MOP knockin mice express the canonical µ-opioid receptor but lack detectable splice variants. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1070. [PMID: 34522000 PMCID: PMC8440528 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are notoriously difficult to detect in native tissues. In an effort to resolve this problem, we have developed a novel mouse model by fusing the hemagglutinin (HA)-epitope tag sequence to the amino-terminus of the µ-opioid receptor (MOP). Although HA-MOP knock-in mice exhibit reduced receptor expression, we found that this approach allowed for highly efficient immunodetection of low abundant GPCR targets. We also show that the HA-tag facilitates both high-resolution imaging and immunoisolation of MOP. Mass spectrometry (MS) confirmed post-translational modifications, most notably agonist-selective phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal serine and threonine residues. MS also unequivocally identified the carboxyl-terminal 387LENLEAETAPLP398 motif, which is part of the canonical MOP sequence. Unexpectedly, MS analysis of brain lysates failed to detect any of the 15 MOP isoforms that have been proposed to arise from alternative splicing of the MOP carboxyl-terminus. For quantitative analysis, we performed multiple successive rounds of immunodepletion using the well-characterized rabbit monoclonal antibody UMB-3 that selectively detects the 387LENLEAETAPLP398 motif. We found that >98% of HA-tagged MOP contain the UMB-3 epitope indicating that virtually all MOP expressed in the mouse brain exhibit the canonical amino acid sequence. Fritzwanker et al. develop a knock-in transgenic mouse line in which the hemagglutinin epitope tag sequence is fused with the amino-terminus of the µ-opioid receptor. Their model enables more efficient immunodetection of G protein-coupled receptors.
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Chen C, Willhouse AH, Huang P, Ko N, Wang Y, Xu B, Huang LHM, Kieffer B, Barbe MF, Liu-Chen LY. Characterization of a Knock-In Mouse Line Expressing a Fusion Protein of κ Opioid Receptor Conjugated with tdTomato: 3-Dimensional Brain Imaging via CLARITY. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0028-20.2020. [PMID: 32561573 PMCID: PMC7385665 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0028-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of κ opioid receptor (KOR) produces analgesia, antipruritic effect, sedation and dysphoria. To characterize neuroanatomy of KOR at high resolutions and circumvent issues of specificity of KOR antibodies, we generated a knock-in mouse line expressing KOR fused at the C terminus with the fluorescent protein tdTomato (KtdT). The selective KOR agonist U50,488H caused anti-scratch effect and hypolocomotion, indicating intact KOR neuronal circuitries. Clearing of brains with CLARITY revealed three-dimensional (3-D) images of distribution of KOR, and any G-protein-coupled receptors, for the first time. 3-D brain images of KtdT and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on brain sections with antibodies against tdTomato show similar distribution to that of autoradiography of [3H]U69,593 binding to KOR in wild-type mice. KtdT was observed in regions involved in reward and aversion, pain modulation, and neuroendocrine regulation. KOR is present in several areas with unknown roles, including the claustrum (CLA), dorsal endopiriform nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), lateral habenula (LHb), and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), which are discussed. Prominent KtdT-containing fibers were observed to project from caudate putamen (CP) and nucleus accumbens (ACB) to substantia innominata (SI) and SNr. Double IHC revealed co-localization of KtdT with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain regions, including CP, ACB, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). KOR was visualized at the cellular level, such as co-localization with TH and agonist-induced KOR translocation into intracellular space in some VTA neurons. These mice thus represent a powerful and heretofore unparalleled tool for neuroanatomy of KOR at both the 3-D and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongguang Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Alex H Willhouse
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Nora Ko
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Yujun Wang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology
| | - Bin Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center
| | | | - Brigitte Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Margolis EB, Karkhanis AN. Dopaminergic cellular and circuit contributions to kappa opioid receptor mediated aversion. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104504. [PMID: 31301327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits that enable an organism to protect itself by promoting escape from immediate threat and avoidance of future injury are conceptualized to carry an "aversive" signal. One of the key molecular elements of these circuits is the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous peptide agonist, dynorphin. In many cases, the aversive response to an experimental manipulation can be eliminated by selective blockade of KOR function, indicating its necessity in transmitting this signal. The dopamine system, through its contributions to reinforcement learning, is also involved in processing of aversive stimuli, and KOR control of dopamine in the context of aversive behavioral states has been intensely studied. In this review, we have discussed the multiple ways in which the KORs regulate dopamine dynamics with a central focus on dopamine neurons and projections from the ventral tegmental area. At the neuronal level, KOR agonists inhibit dopamine neurons both in the somatodendritic region as well as at terminal release sites, through various signaling pathways and ion channels, and these effects are specific to different synaptic sites. While the dominant hypotheses are that aversive states are driven by decreases in dopamine and increases in dynorphin, reported exceptions to these patterns indicate these ideas require refinement. This is critical given that KOR is being considered as a target for development of new therapeutics for anxiety, depression, pain, and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa B Margolis
- Department of Neurology, Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Box 0444, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Anushree N Karkhanis
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Center for Developmental and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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Manabe S, Miyano K, Fujii Y, Ohshima K, Yoshida Y, Nonaka M, Uzu M, Matsuoka Y, Sato T, Uezono Y, Morimatsu H. Possible biased analgesic of hydromorphone through the G protein-over β-arrestin-mediated pathway: cAMP, CellKey™, and receptor internalization analyses. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:171-177. [PMID: 31320243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone are widely used as analgesics, and recently hydromorphone has been approved in Japan. Although all of these are selective for μ-opioid receptors (MORs) and have similar structures, their analgesic potencies and adverse effects (AEs) are diverse. Recent molecular analyses of MOR signaling revealed that the G protein-mediated signaling pathway causes analgesic effects and the β-arrestin-mediated signaling pathway is responsible for AEs. We used several cell-based analyses that selectively measure cellular responses activated by either G protein- or β-arrestin-mediated pathways. GloSensor™ cAMP, CellKey™, and receptor internalization assays were performed with four different types of cells stably expressing differentially labelled MOR. EC50 values measured by cAMP and CellKey™ assays had potencies in the order fentanyl ≤ hydromorphone < morphine ≤ oxycodone, all also exhibiting full agonist responses. However, in the internalization assay, only fentanyl elicited a full agonist response. Hydromorphone had the strongest potency next to fentanyl; however, contribution of the β-arrestin-mediated pathway was small, suggesting that its effect could be biased toward the G protein-mediated pathway. Based on these properties, hydromorphone could be chosen as an effective analgesic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Manabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikatacho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyano
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuriko Fujii
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaori Ohshima
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Miki Nonaka
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Miaki Uzu
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1, Shikatacho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Sato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Supportive Care Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Innovation Center for Supportive, Palliative and Psychosocial Care, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Morimatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikatacho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Wu FX, Babazada H, Gao H, Huang XP, Xi CH, Chen CH, Xi J, Yu WF, Liu R. Dezocine Alleviates Morphine-Induced Dependence in Rats. Anesth Analg 2019; 128:1328-1335. [PMID: 31094808 PMCID: PMC6173660 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid dependence is a major public health issue without optimal therapeutics. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effect of dezocine, a nonaddictive opioid, in opioid dependence in rat models. METHODS Dezocine was administered intraperitoneally to a morphine-dependent rat model to investigate its effect on withdrawal and conditioned place preference (CPP). Effect of dezocine on morphine withdrawal syndrome and CPP was analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Buprenorphine and vehicle solution containing 20% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide were used for positive and negative control, respectively. The astrocytes activation in nucleus accumbens was assessed by immunofluorescence assay of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Effect of dezocine and buprenorphine on the internalization of κ opioid receptor (KOR) was investigated using Neuro2A expressing KOR fused to red fluorescent protein tdTomato (KOR-tdT). Buprenorphine and dezocine were screened against 44 G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, and transporter proteins using radioligand-binding assay to compare the molecular targets. RESULTS The mean withdrawal score was reduced in rats treated with 1.25 mg·kg dezocine compared to vehicle-treated control animals starting from the day 1 (mean difference: 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.35-9.25; P < .0001 by 2-way ANOVA). Significance was observed at all treatment days, including day 7 (mean difference: 2.13; 95% CI, 0.68-3.58; P < .001 by 2-way ANOVA). Furthermore, dezocine inhibited the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP (mean difference: 314; 95% CI, 197.9-430.1; P < .0001 by 2-way ANOVA) compared to the control group. Chronic morphine administration induced astrocytes activation in nucleus accumbens, which was attenuated by dezocine. Dezocine blocked the agonist-induced KOR internalization in vitro, 1 of the mechanisms involved in the downstream signaling and development of opioid dependence. Dezocine had affinity to norepinephrine and serotonin transporters and sigma-1 receptor, whereas buprenorphine showed no activity against these targets. CONCLUSIONS Dezocine could potentially be used to alleviate opioid dependence. Due to the unique molecular target profile different from buprenorphine, it might have important value in studying the mechanisms of morphine dependence and developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-xiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hasan Babazada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hao Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and the National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Active Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chun-hua Xi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chun-hua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jin Xi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei-feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Jaykumar AB, Caceres PS, Ortiz PA. Single-molecule labeling for studying trafficking of renal transporters. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1243-F1249. [PMID: 30043625 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00082.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and track single molecules presents the advantage of visualizing the complex behavior of transmembrane proteins with a time and space resolution that would otherwise be lost with traditional labeling and biochemical techniques. Development of new imaging probes has provided a robust method to study their trafficking and surface dynamics. This mini-review focuses on the current technology available for single-molecule labeling of transmembrane proteins, their advantages, and limitations. We also discuss the application of these techniques to the study of renal transporter trafficking in light of recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bachhawat Jaykumar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Paulo S Caceres
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
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Eason MG, Damry AM, Chica RA. Structure-guided rational design of red fluorescent proteins: towards designer genetically-encoded fluorophores. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 45:91-99. [PMID: 28038355 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) have become an integral part of modern biological research due to their longer excitation and emission wavelengths. Protein engineering efforts have improved many key properties of RFPs for their practical use in imaging. Even so, continued engineering is required to overcome the shortcomings of the red chromophore and create RFPs with photophysical properties rivalling those of their optimized green and yellow counterparts. Here, we highlight recent examples of structure-guided rational design of RFPs to improve brightness, monomerization, maturation, and photostability, and discuss possible pathways for the future engineering of designer RFPs tailored to specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Eason
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam M Damry
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Roberto A Chica
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that κ-opioid receptor agonists can reduce hypoxia-ischemia brain injury in animal models. However, it is unclear how the κ-opioid receptor responds to hypoxia-ischemia. In the current study, the authors used an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation to explore how κ-opioid receptors respond to hypoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS Mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells were stably transfected with mouse κ-opioid receptor-tdTomato fusion protein or Flag-tagged mouse κ-opioid receptor, divided into several groups (n = 6 to 12), and used to investigate the κ-opioid receptor movement. Observations were performed under normal oxygen, at 30 min to 1 h after oxygen-glucose deprivation and at 1 h after reoxygenation using high-resolution imaging techniques including immunoelectronmicroscopy in the presence and absence of κ-opioid receptor antagonist, dynamin inhibitors, potassium channel blockers, and dopamine receptor inhibitor. RESULTS Hypoxic conditions caused the κ-opioid receptor to be internalized into the cells. Inhibition of dynamin by Dyngo-4a prevented the receptor internalization. Interestingly, a specific κ-opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine blocked internalization, suggesting the involvement of activation of a specific κ-opioid receptor. κ-Opioid receptor internalization appears to be reversed by reoxygenation. Quantities of intracellular κ-opioid receptor-associated gold particles as demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy were increased from 37 to 85% (P < 0.01) after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Potassium channel blockers and dopamine receptor inhibitor failed to block hypoxia-induced κ-opioid receptor internalization. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia induces reversible κ-opioid receptor internalization, which was inhibited by selective κ-opioid receptor antagonists or dynamin inhibitor, and can be reversed by reoxygenation in neuroblastoma cells, indicating the modulating effects between κ-opioid receptor and hypoxia via κ-opioid receptor activation and the dynamin-dependent mechanism.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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