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Zhou Y, Wu Q, Li Y, Feng Y, Wang Y, Cheng W. Low-dose of polystyrene microplastics induce cardiotoxicity in mice and human-originated cardiac organoids. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108171. [PMID: 37669592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles (MP) are prevalent in both industrial production and the natural environment, posing a significant concern for human health. Daily diet, air inhalation, and skin contact are major routines of MP intake in human. The main injury target systems of MPs include the digestive system, respiratory system, and cardiovascular system. However, the study on MPs' adverse effects on the heart is less than other target organs. Previous in vivo studies have demonstrated that MPs can induce heart injuries, including abnormal heart rate, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial membrane potential change, and fibrin overexpression. To address animal welfare concerns and overcome inter-species variations, this study employed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived in vitro three-dimensional cardiac organoid (CO) model to investigate the adverse effects of MPs on the human heart. The distinct cavities of COs allowed for the observation of MPs' aggregation and spatial distribution following polystyrene-MP (PS) exposure in a dynamic exposure system. After exposure to various concentrations of PS (0.025, 0.25 and 2.5 µg/mL, with the lowest concentration equivalent to human internal exposure levels), the COs exhibited increased oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and collagen accumulation. These findings were consistent with in vivo observations, in terms of increases in the interventricular septal thickness. The expression of hypertrophic-related genes of COs (MYH7B/ANP/BNP/COL1A1) changed noticeably and the cardiac-specific markers MYL2/MYL4/CX43 were also markedly elevated. Our findings revealed the PS could induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, indicating that MP may be an under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Kabakov AY, Sengun E, Lu Y, Roder K, Bronk P, Baggett B, Turan NN, Moshal KS, Koren G. Three-Week-Old Rabbit Ventricular Cardiomyocytes as a Novel System to Study Cardiac Excitation and EC Coupling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672360. [PMID: 34867432 PMCID: PMC8637404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The rabbit heart serves as an accepted model system for studying cardiac cell excitation and arrhythmogenicity. Accordingly, primary cultures of adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes serve as a preferable model to study molecular mechanisms of human cardiac excitation. However, the use of adult rabbit cardiomyocytes is often regarded as excessively costly. Therefore, we developed and characterized a novel low-cost rabbit cardiomyocyte model, namely, 3-week-old ventricular cardiomyocytes (3wRbCMs). Ventricular myocytes were isolated from whole ventricles of 3-week-old New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes by standard enzymatic techniques. Using wheat germ agglutinin, we found a clear T-tubule structure in acutely isolated 3wRbCMs. Cells were adenovirally infected (multiplicity of infection of 10) to express Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and cultured for 48 h. The cells showed action potential duration (APD90 = 253 ± 24 ms) and calcium transients similar to adult rabbit cardiomyocytes. Freshly isolated and 48-h-old-cultured cells expressed critical ion channel proteins: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (Cavα1c), sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (Nav1.5), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 (Kv4.3), and subfamily A member 4 (Kv1.4), and also subfamily H member 2 (RERG. Kv11.1), KvLQT1 (K7.1) protein and inward-rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.1). The cells displayed an appropriate electrophysiological phenotype, including fast sodium current (I Na), transient outward potassium current (I to), L-type calcium channel peak current (I Ca,L), rapid and slow components of the delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kr and I Ks), and inward rectifier (I K1). Although expression of the channel proteins and some currents decreased during the 48 h of culturing, we conclude that 3wRbCMs are a new, low-cost alternative to the adult-rabbit-cardiomyocytes system, which allows the investigation of molecular mechanisms of cardiac excitation on morphological, biochemical, genetic, physiological, and biophysical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Y Kabakov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elif Sengun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yichun Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Karim Roder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Peter Bronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brett Baggett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nilüfer N Turan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Karni S Moshal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gideon Koren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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3
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Microelectrode Arrays: A Valuable Tool to Analyze Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Lam YY, Keung W, Chan CH, Geng L, Wong N, Brenière-Letuffe D, Li RA, Cheung YF. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Engineered Cardiac Tissues From Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveals Abnormal Developmental Trajectory and Intrinsic Contractile Defects in Hypoplastic Right Heart Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016528. [PMID: 33059525 PMCID: PMC7763394 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background To understand the intrinsic cardiac developmental and functional abnormalities in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) free from effects secondary to anatomic defects, we performed and compared single‐cell transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of patient‐ and healthy subject–derived human‐induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) and engineered tissue models. Methods and Results We derived hiPSC lines from 3 patients with PAIVS and 3 healthy subjects and differentiated them into hiPSC‐CMs, which were then bioengineered into the human cardiac anisotropic sheet and human cardiac tissue strip custom‐designed for electrophysiological and contractile assessments, respectively. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of hiPSC‐CMs, human cardiac anisotropic sheet, and human cardiac tissue strip was performed to examine the transcriptomic basis for any phenotypic abnormalities using pseudotime and differential expression analyses. Through pseudotime analysis, we demonstrated that bioengineered tissue constructs provide pro‐maturational cues to hiPSC‐CMs, although the maturation and development were attenuated in PAIVS hiPSC‐CMs. Furthermore, reduced contractility and prolonged contractile kinetics were observed with PAIVS human cardiac tissue strips. Consistently, single‐cell RNA sequencing of PAIVS human cardiac tissue strips and hiPSC‐CMs exhibited diminished expression of cardiac contractile apparatus genes. By contrast, electrophysiological aberrancies were absent in PAIVS human cardiac anisotropic sheets. Conclusions Our findings were the first to reveal intrinsic abnormalities of cardiomyocyte development and function in PAIVS free from secondary effects. We conclude that hiPSC‐derived engineered tissues offer a unique method for studying primary cardiac abnormalities and uncovering pathogenic mechanisms that underlie sporadic congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yu Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre HKU - KI Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Insititutet Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ho Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lin Geng
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre HKU - KI Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nicodemus Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Ronald A Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre HKU - KI Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Insititutet Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Fai Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre HKU - KI Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Insititutet Hong Kong
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5
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Izumi-Nakaseko H, Chiba K, Hagiwara-Nagasawa M, Satsuka A, Goto A, Nunoi Y, Kambayashi R, Matsumoto A, Takei Y, Kanda Y, Naito AT, Sugiyama A. Optimizing the Direction and Order of the Motion Unveiled the Ability of Conventional Monolayers of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Show Frequency-Dependent Enhancement of Contraction and Relaxation Motion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:542562. [PMID: 33015053 PMCID: PMC7511828 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.542562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractility of the human heart increases as its beating rate is elevated, so-called positive force-frequency relationship; however, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been reported to exert a negative force-frequency relationship. We tested the hypothesis that the regulation of motion directions by electrical pacing and/or oxygen supply may improve the electro-mechanical properties of hiPSC-CMs monolayers. To better evaluate the spatial and temporal relationship between electrical excitation and contractile motion, we simultaneously observed the field potential and motion vector of hiPSC-CMs sheets. Under spontaneous contraction, although an electrical excitation originating from a region propagated unidirectionally over the cell sheet, contraction wave started from multiple sites, and relaxation wave was initiated from a geometric center of hiPSC-CMs sheet. During electrical pacing, contraction and relaxation waves were propagated from the stimulated site. Interestingly, the maximum contraction speed was more increased when the hiPSC-CMs sheet was stimulated at an area relaxation initiated under spontaneous condition. Furthermore, motion vector analysis demonstrated that "positive contraction velocity-frequency relationship" in contraction and "frequency-dependent enhancement of relaxation" were produced in the cell sheet by optimizing the direction and order of the contractile motion with pacing at the relaxation-initiating area. A close analysis of motion vectors along with field potential recording demonstrated that relaxation process consists of fast and slow phases, and suggest that intracellular Ca2+ dynamics may be closely related to functions of Ca2+-ATPase pump and Na+-Ca2+ exchangers. Namely, the slow relaxation phase occurred after the second peak of field potential, suggesting that the slow phase may be associated with extrusion of Ca2+ by Na+-Ca2+ exchangers during repolarization. Increase of oxygen concentration from 20 to 95% as well as β-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol accelerated the fast relaxation, suggesting that it could depend on Ca2+ uptake via Ca2+-ATPase during the depolarization phase. The ratio of maximum contraction speed to field potential duration was increased by the β-adrenergic stimulation, indicating the elevated contraction efficiency per Ca2+-influx. Thus, these findings revealed potential ability of conventional monolayers of hiPSC-CMs, which will help apply them to translational study filling the gap between physiological as well as pharmacological studies and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ayano Satsuka
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nunoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko T Naito
- Department of Physiology, Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Li W, Han JL, Entcheva E. Syncytium cell growth increases Kir2.1 contribution in human iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1112-H1122. [PMID: 32986966 PMCID: PMC7789971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) enable cardiotoxicity testing and personalized medicine. However, their maturity is of concern, including relatively depolarized resting membrane potential and more spontaneous activity compared with adult cardiomyocytes, implicating low or lacking inward rectifier potassium current (Ik1). Here, protein quantification confirms Kir2.1 expression in hiPSC-CM syncytia, albeit several times lower than in adult heart tissue. We find that hiPSC-CM culture density influences Kir2.1 expression at the mRNA level (potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2) and at the protein level and its associated electrophysiology phenotype. Namely, all-optical cardiac electrophysiology and pharmacological treatments reveal reduction of spontaneous and irregular activity and increase in action potential upstroke in denser cultures. Blocking Ik1-like currents with BaCl2 increased spontaneous frequency and blunted action potential upstrokes during pacing in a dose-dependent manner only in the highest-density cultures, in line with Ik1’s role in regulating the resting membrane potential. Our results emphasize the importance of syncytial growth of hiPSC-CMs for more physiologically relevant phenotype and the power of all-optical electrophysiology to study cardiomyocytes in their multicellular setting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We identify cell culture density and cell-cell contact as an important factor in determining the expression of a key ion channel at the transcriptional and the protein levels, KCNJ2/Kir2.1, and its contribution to the electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that studies on isolated cells, out of tissue context, may underestimate the cellular ion channel properties being characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Julie L Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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7
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Xu Parks X, Qudsi H, Braun C, Lopes CMB. The auxiliary subunit KCNE1 regulates KCNQ1 channel response to sustained calcium-dependent PKC activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237591. [PMID: 32833978 PMCID: PMC7446858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow cardiac delayed rectifier current (IKs) is formed by KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits and is one of the major repolarizing currents in the heart. Decrease of IKs currents either due to inherited mutations or pathological remodeling is associated with increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Ca2+-dependent PKC isoforms (cPKC) are chronically activated in heart disease and diabetes. Recently, we found that sustained stimulation of the calcium-dependent PKCβII isoform leads to decrease in KCNQ1 subunit membrane localization and KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel activity, although the role of KCNE1 in this regulation was not explored. Here, we show that the auxiliary KCNE1 subunit expression is necessary for channel internalization. A mutation in a KCNE1 phosphorylation site (KCNE1(S102A)) abolished channel internalization in both heterologous expression systems and cardiomyocytes. Altogether, our results suggest that KCNE1(S102) phosphorylation by PKCβII leads to KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel internalization in response to sustained PKC stimulus, while leaving KCNQ1 homomeric channels in the membrane. This preferential internalization is expected to have strong impact on cardiac repolarization. Our results suggest that KCNE1(S102) is an important anti-arrhythmic drug target to prevent IKs pathological remodeling leading to cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xu Parks
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Haani Qudsi
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Chen Braun
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Coeli M. B. Lopes
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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8
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Ronzier E, Parks XX, Qudsi H, Lopes CM. Statin-specific inhibition of Rab-GTPase regulates cPKC-mediated IKs internalization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17747. [PMID: 31780674 PMCID: PMC6882895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are prescribed for prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. Statins have different cholesterol lowering abilities, with rosuvastatin and atorvastatin being the most effective, while statins like simvastatin and fluvastatin having lower effectiveness. Statins, in addition to their cholesterol lowering effects, can prevent isoprenylation of Rab-GTPase proteins, a protein family important for the regulation of membrane-bound protein trafficking. Here we show that endosomal localization of Rab-GTPases (Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11) was inhibited in a statin-specific manner, with stronger effects by fluvastatin, followed by simvastatin and atorvastatin, and with a limited effect by rosuvastatin. Fluvastatin inhibition of Rab5 has been shown to mediate cPKC-dependent trafficking regulation of the cardiac delayed rectifier KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels. We observed statin-specific inhibition of channel regulation consistent with statin-specific Rab-GTPase inhibition both in heterologous systems and cardiomyocytes. Our results uncover a non-cholesterol-reducing statin-specific effect of statins. Because Rab-GTPases are important regulators of membrane trafficking they may underlie statin specific pleiotropic effects. Therefore, statin-specificity may allow better treatment tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ronzier
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xiaorong Xu Parks
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Haani Qudsi
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Coeli M Lopes
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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9
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Kussauer S, David R, Lemcke H. hiPSCs Derived Cardiac Cells for Drug and Toxicity Screening and Disease Modeling: What Micro- Electrode-Array Analyses Can Tell Us. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111331. [PMID: 31661896 PMCID: PMC6912416 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) have been intensively used in drug development and disease modeling. Since iPSC-cardiomyocyte (CM) was first generated, their characterization has become a major focus of research. Multi-/micro-electrode array (MEA) systems provide a non-invasive user-friendly platform for detailed electrophysiological analysis of iPSC cardiomyocytes including drug testing to identify potential targets and the assessment of proarrhythmic risk. Here, we provide a systematical overview about the physiological and technical background of micro-electrode array measurements of iPSC-CM. We introduce the similarities and differences between action- and field potential and the advantages and drawbacks of MEA technology. In addition, we present current studies focusing on proarrhythmic side effects of novel and established compounds combining MEA systems and iPSC-CM. MEA technology will help to open a new gateway for novel therapies in cardiovascular diseases while reducing animal experiments at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kussauer
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robert David
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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10
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Parks XX, Ronzier E, O-Uchi J, Lopes CM. Fluvastatin inhibits Rab5-mediated IKs internalization caused by chronic Ca 2+-dependent PKC activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:314-325. [PMID: 30898664 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Statins, in addition to their cholesterol lowering effects, can prevent isoprenylation of Rab GTPase proteins, a key protein family for the regulation of protein trafficking. Rab-GTPases have been shown to be involved in the control of membrane expression level of ion channels, including one of the major cardiac repolarizing channels, IKs. Decreased IKs function has been observed in a number of disease states and associated with increased propensity for arrhythmias, but the mechanism underlying IKs decrease remains elusive. Ca2+-dependent PKC isoforms (cPKC) are chronically activated in variety of human diseases and have been suggested to acutely regulate IKs function. We hypothesize that chronic cPKC stimulation leads to Rab-mediated decrease in IKs membrane expression, and that can be prevented by statins. In this study we show that chronic cPKC stimulation caused a dramatic Rab5 GTPase-dependent decrease in plasma membrane localization of the IKs pore forming subunit KCNQ1, reducing IKs function. Our data indicates fluvastatin inhibition of Rab5 restores channel localization and function after cPKC-mediated channel internalization. Our results indicate a novel statin anti-arrhythmic effect that would be expected to inhibit pathological electrical remodeling in a number of disease states associated with high cPKC activation. Because Rab-GTPases are important regulators of membrane trafficking they may underlie other statin pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xu Parks
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Elsa Ronzier
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Jin O-Uchi
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Coeli M Lopes
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
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11
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Friedman CE, Nguyen Q, Lukowski SW, Helfer A, Chiu HS, Miklas J, Levy S, Suo S, Han JDJ, Osteil P, Peng G, Jing N, Baillie GJ, Senabouth A, Christ AN, Bruxner TJ, Murry CE, Wong ES, Ding J, Wang Y, Hudson J, Ruohola-Baker H, Bar-Joseph Z, Tam PPL, Powell JE, Palpant NJ. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Cardiac Differentiation from Human PSCs Reveals HOPX-Dependent Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:586-598.e8. [PMID: 30290179 PMCID: PMC6220122 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires orchestration of dynamic gene regulatory networks during stepwise fate transitions but often generates immature cell types that do not fully recapitulate properties of their adult counterparts, suggesting incomplete activation of key transcriptional networks. We performed extensive single-cell transcriptomic analyses to map fate choices and gene expression programs during cardiac differentiation of hPSCs and identified strategies to improve in vitro cardiomyocyte differentiation. Utilizing genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we found that hypertrophic signaling is not effectively activated during monolayer-based cardiac differentiation, thereby preventing expression of HOPX and its activation of downstream genes that govern late stages of cardiomyocyte maturation. This study therefore provides a key transcriptional roadmap of in vitro cardiac differentiation at single-cell resolution, revealing fundamental mechanisms underlying heart development and differentiation of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Friedman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel W Lukowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abbigail Helfer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Han Sheng Chiu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Miklas
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shiri Levy
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shengbao Suo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pierre Osteil
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Greg J Baillie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne Senabouth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy J Bruxner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charles E Murry
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily S Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Ding
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James Hudson
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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12
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Lin B, Lin X, Stachel M, Wang E, Luo Y, Lader J, Sun X, Delmar M, Bu L. Culture in Glucose-Depleted Medium Supplemented with Fatty Acid and 3,3',5-Triiodo-l-Thyronine Facilitates Purification and Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:253. [PMID: 29067001 PMCID: PMC5641374 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in stem cell technology, it is becoming efficient to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into cardiomyocytes, which can subsequently be used for myriad purposes, ranging from interrogating mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, developing novel cellular therapeutic approaches, as well as assessing the cardiac safety profile of compounds. However, the relative inability to acquire abundant pure and mature cardiomyocytes still hinders these applications. Recently, it was reported that glucose-depleted culture medium supplemented with lactate can facilitate purification of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Here, we report that fatty acid as a lactate replacement has not only a similar purification effect but also improves the electrophysiological characteristics of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Glucose-depleted culture medium supplemented with fatty acid and 3,3',5-Triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) was used during enrichment of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Compared to untreated control cells, the treated cardiomyocytes exhibited enhanced action potential (AP) maximum upstroke velocity (as shown by a significant increase in dV/dtmax), action potential amplitude, as well as AP duration at 50% (APD50) and 90% (APD90) of repolarization. The treated cardiomyocytes displayed higher sensitivity to isoproterenol, more organized sarcomeric structures, and lower proliferative activity. Expression profiling showed that various ion channel and cardiac-specific genes were elevated as well. Our results suggest that the use of fatty acid and T3 can facilitate purification and maturation of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maxine Stachel
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisha Wang
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yumei Luo
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joshua Lader
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lei Bu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Development of correction formula for field potential duration of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes sheets. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 135:44-50. [PMID: 28928053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been used in many studies to assess proarrhythmic risks of chemical compounds. In those studies, field potential durations (FPD) of hiPSC-CMs have been corrected by clinically used Fridericia's and/or Bazett's formulae, however, the rationale for the use of these formulae has not been well established. In the present study, we developed a correction formula for experiments using hiPSC-CMs. First, we analyzed the effect of beating rate on FPD in the hiPSC-CMs sheets with electrical stimuli and a HCN channel inhibitor zatebradine. Next, we examined the relationship between the electrophysiological properties and the expression levels of ion channel genes in the cell sheets. Zatebradine slowed the beating rate and allowed to analyze FPD changes at various pacing cycle lengths. Rate-dependent change in the repolarization period was smaller in the cell sheets than that reported on the human hearts, which can be partly explained by lower gene expression level of hKCNJ2 and hKCNE1. Thus, non-linear equation for correcting FPD in the cell sheet; FPDc = FPD/RR0.22 with RR given in second was obtained, which may make it feasible to assess net repolarization delay by various chemical compounds with a chronotropic action.
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14
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Kane C, Terracciano CMN. Concise Review: Criteria for Chamber-Specific Categorization of Human Cardiac Myocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1881-1897. [PMID: 28577296 PMCID: PMC5575566 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (PSC‐CMs) have great potential application in almost all areas of cardiovascular research. A current major goal of the field is to build on the past success of differentiation strategies to produce CMs with the properties of those originating from the different chambers of the adult human heart. With no anatomical origin or developmental pathway to draw on, the question of how to judge the success of such approaches and assess the chamber specificity of PSC‐CMs has become increasingly important; commonly used methods have substantial limitations and are based on limited evidence to form such an assessment. In this article, we discuss the need for chamber‐specific PSC‐CMs in a number of areas as well as current approaches used to assess these cells on their likeness to those from different chambers of the heart. Furthermore, describing in detail the structural and functional features that distinguish the different chamber‐specific human adult cardiac myocytes, we propose an evidence‐based tool to aid investigators in the phenotypic characterization of differentiated PSC‐CMs. Stem Cells2017;35:1881–1897
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kane
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare M N Terracciano
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin attenuates the cytotoxicity of sunitinib in cardiomyocytes via inhibition of the autophagy pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28624441 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib malate (sunitinib) is an orally available, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. Although sunitinib is effective for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, advanced renal cell carcinoma, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, adverse cardiac events associated with sunitinib administration have been reported. Here, we examined the effect of geldanamycin, an inhibitor of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90, on sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. First, we found that treatment with geldanamycin or other Hsp90 inhibitors (tanespimycin, ganetespib, or BIIB021) significantly attenuated sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes, suggesting a drug-class effect of Hsp90 inhibitors. We then examined the mechanisms underlying sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity and found that sunitinib induced autophagy in H9c2 cells and that pretreatment with geldanamycin inhibited the induction of autophagy by promoting degradation of the autophagy-related proteins Atg7, Beclin-1, and ULK1. Pharmacological assessment with autophagy inhibitors confirmed that geldanamycin attenuated the cytotoxicity of sunitinib by interfering with autophagy. In addition, we found that the molecular chaperone Hsp70, which is induced by geldanamycin, was not involved in the attenuation of sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, to provide more clinically relevant data, we confirmed that geldanamycin attenuated sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest that geldanamycin attenuates sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the autophagy pathway. Thus, the further investigation of combination or sequential treatment with an Hsp90 inhibitor and sunitinib is warranted as a potential strategy of attenuating the cardiotoxicity associated with sunitinib administration in the clinical setting.
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16
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George CH, Edwards DH. Decoding Ca2+ Signals as a Non-electrophysiological Method for Assessing Drug Toxicity in Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6661-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Izumi-Nakaseko H, Nakamura Y, Wada T, Ando K, Kanda Y, Sekino Y, Sugiyama A. Characterization of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocyte sheets as a model to detect drug-induced conduction disturbance. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:183-192. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Kentaro Ando
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
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18
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Points to consider for a validation study of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes using a multi-electrode array system. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:196-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Colatsky T, Fermini B, Gintant G, Pierson JB, Sager P, Sekino Y, Strauss DG, Stockbridge N. The Comprehensive in Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative - Update on progress. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:15-20. [PMID: 27282641 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of the ICH S7B and E14 guidelines has been successful in preventing the introduction of potentially torsadogenic drugs to the market, but it has also unduly constrained drug development by focusing on hERG block and QT prolongation as essential determinants of proarrhythmia risk. The Comprehensive in Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative was established to develop a new paradigm for assessing proarrhythmic risk, building on the emergence of new technologies and an expanded understanding of torsadogenic mechanisms beyond hERG block. An international multi-disciplinary team of regulatory, industry and academic scientists are working together to develop and validate a set of predominantly nonclinical assays and methods that eliminate the need for the thorough-QT study and enable a more precise prediction of clinical proarrhythmia risk. The CiPA effort is led by a Steering Team that provides guidance, expertise and oversight to the various working groups and includes partners from US FDA, HESI, CSRC, SPS, EMA, Health Canada, Japan NIHS, and PMDA. The working groups address the three pillars of CiPA that evaluate drug effects on: 1) human ventricular ionic channel currents in heterologous expression systems, 2) in silico integration of cellular electrophysiologic effects based on ionic current effects, the ion channel effects, and 3) fully integrated biological systems (stem-cell-derived cardiac myocytes and the human ECG). This article provides an update on the progress of the initiative towards its target date of December 2017 for completing validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Colatsky
- US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Bernard Fermini
- Pfizer, Eastern Point Road MS 4083, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Gary Gintant
- AbbVie, R46R AP-9, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064-6118, United States.
| | - Jennifer B Pierson
- ILSI-Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, 1156 15th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005, United States.
| | - Philip Sager
- Stanford University, 719 Carolina St., San Francisco, CA 94107, United States.
| | - Yuko Sekino
- NIHS Japan, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - David G Strauss
- US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Norman Stockbridge
- US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
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20
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Clements M. Multielectrode Array (MEA) Assay for Profiling Electrophysiological Drug Effects in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN TOXICOLOGY 2016; 68:22.4.1-22.4.32. [PMID: 27145112 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More relevant and reliable preclinical cardiotoxicity tests are required to improve drug safety and reduce the cost of drug development. Human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) provide a potential model for the development of superior assays for preclinical drug safety screening. One such hSC-CM assay that has shown significant potential for enabling more predictive drug cardiac risk assessment is the MEA assay. The Multi-electrode Array (MEA) assay is an electrophysiology-based technique that uses microelectrodes embedded in the culture surface of each well to measure fluctuations in extracellular field potential (FP) generated from spontaneously beating hSC-CMs. Perturbations to the recorded FP waveform can be used as an unbiased method of predicting the identity of ion channel(s) impacted on drug exposure. Here, a higher throughput MEA assay using hSC-CMs in 48-well MEA plates is described for profiling compound-induced effects on cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. Techniques for preparing hSC-CM monolayers in MEA plates and methods to contextualize MEA assay experimental results are also covered. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Clements
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Maynard Centre, Forest Farm, Whitchurch, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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21
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Laurila E, Ahola A, Hyttinen J, Aalto-Setälä K. Methods for in vitro functional analysis of iPSC derived cardiomyocytes - Special focus on analyzing the mechanical beating behavior. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1864-72. [PMID: 26707468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapidly increasing number of papers describing novel iPSC models for cardiac diseases are being published. To be able to understand the disease mechanisms in more detail, we should also take the full advantage of the various methods for analyzing these cell models. The traditionally and commonly used electrophysiological analysis methods have been recently accompanied by novel approaches for analyzing the mechanical beatingbehavior of the cardiomyocytes. In this review, we provide first a concise overview on the methodology for cardiomyocyte functional analysis and then concentrate on the video microscopy, which provides a promise for a new faster yet reliable method for cardiomyocyte functional analysis. We also show how analysis conditions may affect the results. Development of the methodology not only serves the basic research on the disease models, but could also provide the much needed efficient early phase screening method for cardiac safety toxicology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Laurila
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech and School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Antti Ahola
- Tampere University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Tampere University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech and School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland; Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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22
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Obergrussberger A, Stölzle-Feix S, Becker N, Brüggemann A, Fertig N, Möller C. Novel screening techniques for ion channel targeting drugs. Channels (Austin) 2015; 9:367-75. [PMID: 26556400 PMCID: PMC4850050 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2015.1079675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that regulate the flux of ions across the cell membrane. They are involved in nearly all physiological processes, and malfunction of ion channels has been linked to many diseases. Until recently, high-throughput screening of ion channels was limited to indirect, e.g. fluorescence-based, readout technologies. In the past years, direct label-free biophysical readout technologies by means of electrophysiology have been developed. Planar patch-clamp electrophysiology provides a direct functional label-free readout of ion channel function in medium to high throughput. Further electrophysiology features, including temperature control and higher-throughput instruments, are continually being developed. Electrophysiological screening in a 384-well format has recently become possible. Advances in chip and microfluidic design, as well as in cell preparation and handling, have allowed challenging cell types to be studied by automated patch clamp. Assays measuring action potentials in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, relevant for cardiac safety screening, and neuronal cells, as well as a large number of different ion channels, including fast ligand-gated ion channels, have successfully been established by automated patch clamp. Impedance and multi-electrode array measurements are particularly suitable for studying cardiomyocytes and neuronal cells within their physiological network, and to address more complex physiological questions. This article discusses recent advances in electrophysiological technologies available for screening ion channel function and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Clemens Möller
- b Albstadt-Sigmaringen University; Life Sciences Faculty ; Sigmaringen , Germany
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23
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Asakura K, Hayashi S, Ojima A, Taniguchi T, Miyamoto N, Nakamori C, Nagasawa C, Kitamura T, Osada T, Honda Y, Kasai C, Ando H, Kanda Y, Sekino Y, Sawada K. Improvement of acquisition and analysis methods in multi-electrode array experiments with iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 75:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Wang Y, Li ZC, Zhang P, Poon E, Kong CW, Boheler KR, Huang Y, Li RA, Yao X. Nitric Oxide-cGMP-PKG Pathway Acts on Orai1 to Inhibit the Hypertrophy of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2973-84. [PMID: 26269433 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an abnormal enlargement of heart muscle. It frequently results in congestive heart failure, which is a leading cause of human death. Previous studies demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP (cGMP), and protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway can inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and thus improve cardiac function. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, based on the human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hESC-CM) model system, we showed that Orai1, the pore-forming subunit of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), is the downstream effector of PKG. Treatment of hESC-CMs with an α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) caused a marked hypertrophy, which was accompanied by an upregulation of Orai1. Moreover, suppression of Orai1 expression/activity using Orai1-siRNAs or a dominant-negative construct Orai1(G98A) inhibited the hypertrophy, suggesting that Orai1-mediated SOCE is indispensable for the PE-induced hypertrophy of hESC-CMs. In addition, the hypertrophy was inhibited by NO and cGMP via activating PKG. Importantly, substitution of Ala for Ser(34) in Orai1 abolished the antihypertrophic effects of NO, cGMP, and PKG. Furthermore, PKG could directly phosphorylate Orai1 at Ser(34) and thus prevent Orai1-mediated SOCE. Together, we conclude that NO, cGMP, and PKG inhibit the hypertrophy of hESC-CMs via PKG-mediated phosphorylation on Orai1-Ser-34. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into the action of cGMP-PKG-related antihypertrophic agents, such as NO donors and sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Z C Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - P Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - E Poon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,The Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - C W Kong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - K R Boheler
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,The Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Huang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - R A Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - X Yao
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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25
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Valentin JP, Guth B, Hamlin RL, Lainée P, Sarazan D, Skinner M. Functional Cardiac Safety Evaluation of Novel Therapeutics. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527673643.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Matsuo J, Nakamura Y, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Ando K, Sekino Y, Sugiyama A. Possible effects of inhibition of IKr and IKs on field-potential waveforms in the human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes sheet. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 128:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Image-based evaluation of contraction–relaxation kinetics of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Correlation and complementarity with extracellular electrophysiology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:178-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lewis KJ, Silvester NC, Barberini-Jammaers S, Mason SA, Marsh SA, Lipka M, George CH. A new system for profiling drug-induced calcium signal perturbation in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:330-40. [PMID: 25367900 PMCID: PMC4361473 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114557232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of human stem cell–derived cardiomyocyte (hSCCM)–based assays in the cardiovascular (CV) drug discovery sphere requires the development of improved systems for interrogating the rich information that these cell models have the potential to yield. We developed a new analytical framework termed SALVO (synchronization, amplitude, length, and variability of oscillation) to profile the amplitude and temporal patterning of intra- and intercellular calcium signals in hSCCM. SALVO quantified drug-induced perturbations in the calcium signaling “fingerprint” in spontaneously contractile hSCCM. Multiparametric SALVO outputs were integrated into a single index of in vitro cytotoxicity that confirmed the rank order of perturbation as astemizole > thioridazine > cisapride > flecainide > valdecoxib > sotalol > nadolol ≈ control. This rank order of drug-induced Ca2+ signal disruption is in close agreement with the known arrhythmogenic liabilities of these compounds in humans. Validation of the system using a second set of compounds and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated the utility of SALVO to discriminate drugs based on their mechanisms of action. We discuss the utility of this new mechanistically agnostic system for the evaluation of in vitro drug cytotoxicity in hSCCM syncytia and the potential placement of SALVO in the early stage drug screening framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J Lewis
- Wales Heart Research Institute & Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, UK
| | - Nicole C Silvester
- Wales Heart Research Institute & Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, UK
| | - Steven Barberini-Jammaers
- Wales Heart Research Institute & Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, UK
| | - Sammy A Mason
- Wales Heart Research Institute & Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, UK
| | - Sarah A Marsh
- Wales Heart Research Institute & Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, UK
| | - Magdalena Lipka
- Wales Heart Research Institute & Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, UK
| | - Christopher H George
- Wales Heart Research Institute & Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, UK
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Leyton-Mange JS, Milan DJ. Pluripotent stem cells as a platform for cardiac arrhythmia drug screening. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2014; 16:334. [PMID: 25074263 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-014-0334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Since the first demonstrations of the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to produce functional human cellular models such as cardiomyocytes, the scientific community has been captivated [1, 2••, 3]. In the time since that seminal work, the field has been catapulted forward by the demonstration that adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed to an induced state of pluripotency [4••], and more recently by the development of efficient and sophisticated genome editing tools [5••, 6••, 7], which together afford a theoretically unlimited supply of relevant genetic disease models. In particular, many of the early successes with induced pluripotent stem cell technology have been realized with cardiac arrhythmia syndromes [8••, 9-15]. There is interest in applying stem cell models in large-scale screens to discover novel therapeutics or drug toxicities. This manuscript aims to discuss the potential role of hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte models in therapeutic arrhythmia screens and review recent advances in the field that bring us closer to this reality.
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