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Wang Z, Zhou X, Kong Q, He H, Sun J, Qiu W, Zhang L, Yang M. Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State-of-the-Art Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401069. [PMID: 38874129 PMCID: PMC11321646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles in both health and disease states, offering promising applications in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and complex origins pose significant challenges to their preparation, analysis, and subsequent clinical application. This review is structured to provide an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and various sources of EVs, thereby laying the groundwork for a detailed discussion of contemporary techniques for their preparation and analysis. Particular focus is given to state-of-the-art technologies that employ both microfluidic and non-microfluidic platforms for EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence and cutting-edge electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on single EV analysis. This review proposes current challenges and outlines prospective avenues for future research. The objective is to motivate researchers to innovate and expand methods for the preparation and analysis of EVs, fully unlocking their biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Wang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Kong
- The Second Department of Thoracic SurgeryDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalian116033P. R. China
| | - Huimin He
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Wenting Qiu
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
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Schwartzman WE, Che J, Naguib MA, Palillo J, Jimenez M, Turner ME, Yates AR, Arsuaga-Zorrilla C, Breuer C, Kelly J. Perioperative Evaluation of Arterial and Venous Whole Blood in the Lamb ( Ovis aries) Fontan Model. Comp Med 2024; 74:70-80. [PMID: 38508687 PMCID: PMC11078283 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-24-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Whole blood analysis can evaluate numerous parameters, including pH, pCO₂, pO₂, HCO₃ - , base excess, glucose, electrolytes, lactate, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, bilirubin, and hemoglobin. This valuable tool enables clinicians to make more informed decisions about patient care. However, the current body of literature describing perioperative whole blood analysis in Dorset sheep (Ovis aries) is small, so clinicians lack adequate information to guide their decision-making when evaluating test results. We evaluated arterial and venous whole blood pH, bicarbonate, pCO₂, lactate, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen before and for the first 24 hours after surgery in 2 cohorts of male and female Ovis arie s undergoing one of 2 major cardiovascular procedures, a Single-Stage Fontan or an inferior vena cava to pulmonary artery extracardiac conduit implantation (IP-ECC). The cohort undergoing a Single-Stage Fontan, which is the more complex procedure, exhibited greater deviation from baseline measurements than did the cohort undergoing the IP-ECC for lactate, bicarbonate, and creatinine. The cohort undergoing the IP-ECC showed no significant deviation from baseline for any parameters, potentially indicating a better safety margin than expected when compared with the Single-Stage Fontan. Together, these results indicate the clinical value of arterial and venous whole blood measurements in perioperative management of sheep and can provide a reference for clinicians managing sheep after significant cardiovascular procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingru Che
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark A Naguib
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jack Palillo
- The Neurologic Clinical Research Institute, Data Management, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Jimenez
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mackenzie E Turner
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew R Yates
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Cardiology and Critical Care, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carmen Arsuaga-Zorrilla
- Animal Resources Core, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John Kelly
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Cardiology and Critical Care, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;,
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Jang HJ, Shim KS, Lee J, Park JH, Kang SJ, Shin YM, Lee JB, Baek W, Yoon JK. Engineering of Cell Derived-Nanovesicle as an Alternative to Exosome Therapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:1-19. [PMID: 38066355 PMCID: PMC10764700 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, nano-sized vesicles ranging between 30 and 150 nm secreted by human cells, play a pivotal role in long-range intercellular communication and have attracted significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, their limited productivity and cost-effectiveness pose challenges for clinical applications. These issues have recently been addressed by cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), which are physically synthesized exosome-mimetic nanovesicles from parent cells, as a promising alternative to exosomes. CDNs exhibit structural, physical, and biological properties similar to exosomes, containing intracellular protein and genetic components encapsulated by the cell plasma membrane. These characteristics allow CDNs to be used as regenerative medicine and therapeutics on their own, or as a drug delivery system. METHODS The paper reviews diverse methods for CDN synthesis, current analysis techniques, and presents engineering strategies to improve lesion targeting efficiency and/or therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS CDNs, with their properties similar to those of exosomes, offer a cost-effective and highly productive alternative due to their non-living biomaterial nature, nano-size, and readiness for use, allowing them to overcome several limitations of conventional cell therapy methods. CONCLUSION Ongoing research and enhancement of CDNs engineering, along with comprehensive safety assessments and stability analysis, exhibit vast potential to advance regenerative medicine by enabling the development of efficient therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sik Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyeon Park
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Research Institute of Women's Health, Brain Korea 21 Project, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wooyeol Baek
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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