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Burns RJ, Le KK, Siengsanun-Lamont J, Blacksell SD. A review of coxiellosis (Q fever) and brucellosis in goats and humans: Implications for disease control in smallholder farming systems in Southeast Asia. One Health 2023; 16:100568. [PMID: 37363211 PMCID: PMC10288130 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. are pathogenic bacteria that can cause large-scale outbreaks in livestock. Furthermore, these infectious agents are capable of causing zoonotic infections and therefore pose a risk to the close relationship between farm households and their livestock, especially goats. A review of seroprevalence studies of Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. in domestic goats demonstrated large differences in the total number of samples tested in different regions and countries. This review aims to provide information on coxiellosis (Q fever in humans) and brucellosis in goats concerning the characteristics of the causative agent, surveillance, and available prevention and control measures at a global level. Implications for Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. infections in domesticated goats in Southeast Asia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J.L. Burns
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kim Khanh Le
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Siengsanun-Lamont
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stuart D. Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kumar A, Kumar Gaur G, Panigrahi M, V N MA, Priya B, Gupta JP, Gandham RK. Comparative gene expression profile in circulating PBMCs of Bos indicus and crossbred cattle to understand disease tolerance mechanism. Anim Biotechnol 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35244514 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2043883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was performed to compare the global gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Bos indicus and crossbred (Bos taurus × B. indicus) cattle. Previously, several studies revealed the disease tolerance potential of B. indicus cattle but underlying genetic mechanism is still not fully explored. The PBMCs model was used for this investigation as it plays crucial role in the immune system regulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed total 6767 significantly differentially expressed transcripts (fold change (absolute) >2.0, p < .05). In addition, 4149 transcripts were upregulated, 2618 transcripts were downregulated and fold change (absolute) of differentially expressed transcript varied from -223.32 to 213.63. Functional annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes confirmed their role in various molecular pathways viz. innate immune response, antigen processing and presentation, MHC protein complex, defense response to bacterium, regulation of immune response, positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade, cytoskeletal protein binding, etc. Protein-protein interaction network analysis provided understanding of inter-relationship of immune genes with differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, this study could provide comprehensive information about the dysregulated genes and biological pathways in PBMCs which might be responsible for disease tolerance in B. indicus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amod Kumar
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Karnal, India
| | | | | | | | - Bhuvana Priya
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Wang L, Xi D, Xiong H, Memon S, Li G, Gu Z, Nadir S, Deng W. Microsatellite markers reveal polymorphisms at the 3′ untranslated region of the SLC11A1 gene in Zhongdian Yellow cattle ( Bos taurus). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 11-member A1 (SLC11A1) gene encodes natural macrophage resistance-associated protein which regulates activity of macrophages against intracellular pathogens. The objective of this study was to study the polymorphism in the microsatellites present at 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the SLC11A1 gene in 113 Zhongdian Yellow cattle (Bos taurus). Using DNA bi-directional sequencing, we detected seven alleles (GT10–16) for the first microsatellite (MS1), five alleles (GT12–16) for MS2, and four alleles (GT4–7) for MS3. MS3 is studied for the first time and revealed four novel variants (alleles GT4–7). Alleles GT12 (45.1%), GT13 (59.3%), and GT5 (85.4%) were the most frequent alleles at MS1, MS2, and MS3, respectively, Genotypes G12/12, G13/13, and G5/5 had the highest frequency 0.239, 0.540, and 0.743 at MS1, MS2, and MS3, respectively. Haplotypic data revealed that GT12/GT13 was the most frequent haplotype observed followed by GT12/14 haplotype. Three nucleotide variations were observed in MS1 and MS2. Comparative analysis of GT12/GT12 and GT13/GT13 genotype with other bovine genotypes showed significant difference (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that the homozygous genotypes GT12/GT12 and GT13/GT13 in Zhongdian Yellow cattle might be related to disease resistance. The findings reported in this study would be helpful in cattle breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - D. Xi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - H. Xiong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, People’s Republic of China
| | - S. Memon
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, People’s Republic of China
| | - G. Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z. Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - S. Nadir
- University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan
| | - W. Deng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Holder A, Garty R, Elder C, Mesnard P, Laquerbe C, Bartens MC, Salavati M, Shabbir MZ, Tzelos T, Connelly T, Villarreal-Ramos B, Werling D. Analysis of Genetic Variation in the Bovine SLC11A1 Gene, Its Influence on the Expression of NRAMP1 and Potential Association With Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1420. [PMID: 32714308 PMCID: PMC7341946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a chronic zoonotic disease where host genetics is thought to contribute to susceptibility or resistance. One of the genes implicated is the SLC11A1 gene, that encodes for the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). The aim of this study was to identify SLC11A1 polymorphisms and to investigate any resulting functional differences in NRAMP1 expression that might be correlated with resistance/susceptibility to M. bovis infection. Sequencing of the SLC11A1 gene in cDNA isolated from Brown Swiss, Holstein Friesian, and Sahiwal cattle identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region, but only one of these (SNP4, c.1066C>G, rs109453173) was present in all three cattle breeds and therefore warranted further investigation. Additionally, variations of 10, 11, and 12 GT repeats were identified in a microsatellite (MS1) in the SLC11A1 3′UTR. Measurement of NRAMP1 expression in bovine macrophages by ELISA showed no differences between cells generated from the different breeds. Furthermore, variations in the length of the MS1 microsatellite did not impact on NRAMP1 protein expression as analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. However, further analysis of the ELISA data identified that the presence of the alternative G allele at SNP4 was associated with increased expression of NRAMP1 in bovine macrophages. Since NRAMP1 has been shown to influence the survival of intracellular pathogens such as M. bovis through the sequestering of iron, it is possible that cattle expressing the alternative G allele might have an increased resistance to bTB through increased NRAMP1 expression in their macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Holder
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Garty
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Elder
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Mesnard
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.,EPLEFPA Agricampus La Roque, Rodez, France
| | - Celine Laquerbe
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.,EPLEFPA Agricampus La Roque, Rodez, France
| | - Marie-Christine Bartens
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mazdak Salavati
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Tzelos
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Connelly
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom.,APHA, Webybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Jamil T, Melzer F, Saqib M, Shahzad A, Khan Kasi K, Hammad Hussain M, Rashid I, Tahir U, Khan I, Haleem Tayyab M, Ullah S, Mohsin M, Mansoor MK, Schwarz S, Neubauer H. Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1412. [PMID: 32098207 PMCID: PMC7068318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis remains a persistent infection in ruminants in Pakistan. A total of 828 (409 buffaloes and 419 cattle) sera were collected from 11 institutional-owned livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were tested by rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The seroprevalence along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Univariable and multivariable analysis of the epidemiological background data was conducted and odds ratio (OR) was calculated to understand any association between the risk factors and the seroprevalence. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (Positive/Tested = 32/828) and 3.3% (27/828) was detected by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. The seroprevalence of 5.6% (CI 3.6-8.3) and 4.7%, (CI 2.8-7.2) and the odds ratio of 2.63 (CI 1.20-5.77) and 2.50 (CI 1.08-5.78) for testing positive by RBPT and iELISA, respectively were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in buffaloes than in cattle. Breed, sex, history of abortion and retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in the animals were not found statistically significantly associated with the infection. RBPT and iELISA based results agreed almost perfect (k = 0.877). In total, Brucella abortus-DNA (9/27) was amplified from seropositive samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study identified for the first time the etiological agents of brucellosis at a molecular level at institutional-owned livestock farms in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Jamil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Asim Shahzad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Khushal Khan Kasi
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Baluchistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Imaad Rashid
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Usman Tahir
- Livestock and Dairy Development, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54100, Pakistan;
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, sub-campus Jhang, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
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Ni WW, E GX, Basang WD, Zhu YB, Huang YF. Molecular Variant Estimation of SLC11A1 Related Microsatellites in Chinese Indigenous Goats. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541908009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Serosurveillance of Coxiellosis (Q-fever) and Brucellosis in goats in selected provinces of Lao People's Democratic Republic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006411. [PMID: 29649313 PMCID: PMC5918242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat raising is a growing industry in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, with minimal disease investigation to date, especially zoonoses. This study determined the proportional seropositivity of two zoonotic diseases: Q fever (causative agent Coxiella burnetii) and Brucellosis (Brucella species) in goats across five provinces (Vientiane Capital, Xayaboury, Xiengkhuang, Savannakhet and Attapeu). A total of 1458 goat serum samples were tested using commercial indirect ELISA for both pathogens, plus Rose Bengal agglutination test for Brucellosis. Overall individual seropositivity of C. burnetii was 4.1% and Brucella spp. was 1.4%. A multiple logistic regression model identified that province (Vientiane Capital, p = 0.05), breed (introduced Boer mixed breed, p = 0.006) and age (goats ≥3 years old, p = 0.014) were significant risk factors for C. burnetii seropositivity. The results of the survey indicated that province (Vientiane Capital, p<0.001), breed (introduced Boer mixed breed, p<0.001), production system (commercial, p<0.001), age (adult, p = 0.004), and farm size (large, 0.001) were all significant risk factors seropositivity for Brucella spp. It was concluded that Lao goats have been exposed to both C. burnetii and Brucella spp. however the risk of clinical disease has not yet been determined and there is an urgent need to determine human health risks and economic losses caused by Q fever and Brucellosis. Goat raising is a growing industry in Lao People’s Democratic Republic however there is very little information whether or not goat raising poses a disease threat to farmers and the general population through diseases that may be transmitted between animals and humans (i.e., zoonotic diseases). To determine this, we tested goats for antibodies against two zoonotic diseases: Q fever (causative agent Coxiella burnetii) and Brucellosis (Brucella species) in Lao goats across five provinces (Vientiane Capital, Xayaboury, Xiengkhuang, Savannakhet and Attapeu). The presence of antibodies does not necessarily indicate active disease but that animals have been previously exposed to Q fever and Brucellosis. A total of 1458 goat serum samples were tested and the overall antibody positivity of the goats for C. burnetii was 4.1% and Brucella spp. was 1.4%. The highest risk of having Q fever antibodies was the goats being based in Vientiane Capital, of Boer mixed breed and ≥3 years old. The highest risk of having Brucella spp. antibodies was being based in Vientiane Capital, of Boer mixed breed as well as factors related to production system, age, and farm size. There is an urgent need to determine human health risks and economic losses caused by Q fever and Brucellosis.
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Gibson AJ, Woodman S, Pennelegion C, Patterson R, Stuart E, Hosker N, Siviter P, Douglas C, Whitehouse J, Wilkinson W, Pegg SA, Villarreal-Ramos B, Werling D. Differential macrophage function in Brown Swiss and Holstein Friesian cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 181:15-23. [PMID: 26961672 PMCID: PMC5145809 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that high yielding dairy cows are extremely susceptible to infectious diseases, and that this has severe economic consequences for the dairy industry and welfare implications. Here we present preliminary functional evidence showing that the innate immune response differs between cow breeds. The ability of macrophages (MØ) to kill pathogens depends in part on oxygen-dependent and independent mechanisms. The oxygen-dependent mechanisms rely on the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, respectively). ROS production has been shown to activate the inflammasome complex in MØ leading to increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Conversely RNS inhibits inflammasome mediated IL-1β activation, indicating a division between inflammasome activation and RNS production. In the present study MØ from Brown Swiss (BS) cattle produce significantly more RNS and less IL-1β when compared to cells from Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle in response to bacterial or fungal stimuli. Furthermore, BS MØ killed ingested Salmonella typhimurium more efficiently, supporting anecdotal evidence of increased disease resistance of the breed. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) stimulated IL-1β secretion in cells from both breeds, but was more pronounced in HF MØ. Blocking RNS production by l-arginase completely abolished RNS production but increased IL-1β secretion in BS MØ. Collectively these preliminary data suggest that the dichotomy of inflammasome activation and RNS production exists in cattle and differs between these two breeds. As pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways are involved in the assessed functional differences presented herein, our data potentially aid the identification of in vitro predictors of appropriate innate immune response. Finally, these predictors may assist in the discovery of candidate genes conferring increased disease resistance for future use in combination with known production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jane Gibson
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Sally Woodman
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Christopher Pennelegion
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Robert Patterson
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Emma Stuart
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Naomi Hosker
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Peter Siviter
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Chloe Douglas
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Jessica Whitehouse
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Will Wilkinson
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Sherri-Anne Pegg
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Dirk Werling
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK.
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Cheng Y, Huang C, Tsai HJ. Relationship of bovine NOS2 gene polymorphisms to the risk of bovine tuberculosis in Holstein cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:281-6. [PMID: 26468216 PMCID: PMC4785118 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies suggest significant genetic variation in the resistance of cattle and humans to infection with
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis. The inducible nitric
oxide synthase (iNOS which is encoded by the NOS2 gene) plays a key role in the immunological
control of a broad spectrum of infectious agents. This study aimed to investigate the influence of genetic
variations in the promoter of the NOS2 gene on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) susceptibility. In
this study, the NOS2 genes of 74 bTB-infected Holstein cows and 90 healthy controls were
genotyped using PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing. Polymorphisms at rs207692718, rs109279434, rs209895548,
rs385993919, rs433717754, rs383366213, rs466730386, rs715225976, rs525673647, rs720757654 and g.19958101T>G
in the promoter region of the NOS2 gene were detected. The g.19958101T>G SNP produced two
different conformation patterns (TT and TG) and the TG genotype was over-represented in the bTB group (20.27%)
compared with the control group (2.22%). The TG genotype frequency of the g.19958101T>G variant was
significantly higher in bTB cattle than in healthy controls (OR, 11.19; 95% CI, 2.47–50.73;
P=0.0002). The G allele of the g.19958101T>G polymorphism was more frequent in bTB group
when compared to control group (10.14% versus 1.11%). Furthermore, the G allele was a risk factor for bTB
susceptibility (OR, 10.04; 95% CI, 2.26–44.65; P=0.0002). In conclusion, the g.19958101T>G
polymorphism of the NOS2 gene may contribute to the susceptibility of Holstein cattle to
bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Cheng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Mugizi DR, Boqvist S, Nasinyama GW, Waiswa C, Ikwap K, Rock K, Lindahl E, Magnusson U, Erume J. Prevalence of and factors associated with Brucella sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:557-64. [PMID: 25716482 PMCID: PMC4478735 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a key zoonosis of major public health, animal welfare and economic significance, and is endemic in livestock in Uganda. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to estimate the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and identify factors associated with sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Northern and Eastern Uganda, respectively. A total of 1007 sera and data on biologically plausible risk factors from 166 herds and their spatial locations, were collected from cattle reared in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda. The sera were analyzed using indirect ELISA and sero-positive reactors confirmed by competitive ELISA. Multivariable models were used to investigate for risk factors. The overall animal-level and herd-level sero-prevalence was 7.5% (76/1007, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.15-9.4%) and 27.1% (45/166, 95% CI: 20.9-34.3%), respectively. Herd-level sero-prevalence was significantly (P<0.001) higher in Soroti than Gulu. In Gulu town, sero-positivity increased with an increase in herd size (P=0.03) and age (P=0.002), and was higher in cattle brought in from western Uganda (P<0.0001). In Soroti town, introduction of new cattle into a herd was significantly (P=0.027) associated with herd sero-positivity. There was a geographically differential risk (clustering) of Brucella sero- positivity in herds in Soroti, while sero-positivity was homogeneously distributed in Gulu. The data highlight brucellosis occurrence and major risk factors for its transmission in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Rwabiita Mugizi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Cortés ÁV, González HR. A Preliminary Study of Solute Carrier Family Gene in Adapted Bovine Breeds of Panama. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yu Y, Deng YN. [Bovine disease-related DNA mutations and their genetic control strategies in breeding for disease resistance]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:1242-50. [PMID: 23099780 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine genomic DNA mutations and their genetic effects on gene expression and protein function influence disease susceptibility and resistance of cattle. The genetic loci related to cattle diseases are mainly divided into two types: single-locus-disease genes and multigenic-disease loci. The single-locus-disease genes are called causal mutations; their genetic basis is simply and normally detected in the coding and non-coding regions inducing substitution of amino acid, premature termination of translation, and complete deletion of entire exon(s). In contrast, the genetic basis of disease related to multiple genes is more complex since susceptibility or resistance of these diseases is affected by the interactions among host, pathogen, and environment. This article reviewed current research and application of the major diseases of cattle con-trolled by single gene or polygenic genes. The genetic control strategies of effective identification and control of these dis-eases in bovine breeding and production were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Hasenauer FC, Caffaro ME, Czibener C, Comerci D, Poli MA, Rossetti CA. Genetic analysis of the 3' untranslated region of the bovine SLC11A1 gene reveals novel polymorphisms. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:545-52. [PMID: 23065223 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in microsatellites at the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the SLC11A1 (solute carrier family 11 member A1) gene have been associated with natural resistance to Brucella abortus and Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock species. Here, we carried out an individual genetic analysis of the two microsatellites present at the 3'UTR SLC11A1 gene in 254 Bos taurus purebred, 125 B. indicus purebred and 54 B. taurus × B. indicus crossbred cattle. The genotyping by capillary electrophoresis showed the presence of four alleles (157, 159, 161 and 163) for the first microsatellite (MS1) and six alleles (175, 177, 179, 181, 183 and 185) for the second microsatellite (MS2). The alleles 159 and 175 were the most frequent in all breeds analyzed. B. taurus showed the most homogeneous haplotype and genotype for both microsatellites, whereas B. indicus showed the most heterogeneous haplotype and genotype. Two novel variants (alleles 161 and 163) within the MS1 are reported as well as novel variants in MS2 in Holstein breed. The knowledge of the polymorphisms distribution in both microsatellites at the 3'UTR of the SLC11A1 gene in cattle breeds is useful for future experimental design to evaluate the association between reported genotypes and natural resistance to pathogens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Hasenauer
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA-CNIA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686, Argentina
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Ruiz-Larrañaga O, Garrido JM, Manzano C, Iriondo M, Molina E, Gil A, Koets AP, Rutten VPMG, Juste RA, Estonba A. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) gene and their association with infection by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1713-21. [PMID: 20338449 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease is a chronic enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that causes substantial financial losses for the cattle industry. Susceptibility to MAP infection is reported to be determined in part by genetic factors, so marker-assisted selection could help to obtain bovine populations that are increasingly resistant to MAP infection. Solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) was adjudged to be a potential candidate gene because of its role in innate immunity, its involvement in susceptibility to numerous intracellular infections, and its previous association with bovine MAP infection. The objectives of this study were to carry out an exhaustive process of discovery and compilation of polymorphisms in SLC11A1 gene, and to perform a population-based genetic association study to test its implication in susceptibility to MAP infection in cattle. In all, 57 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected, 25 of which are newly described in Bos taurus. Twenty-four SNP and two 3'-untranslated region polymorphisms, previously analyzed, were selected for a subsequent association study in 558 European Holstein-Friesian animals. The SNP c.1067C>G and c.1157-91A>T and a haplotype formed by these 2 SNP yielded significant association with susceptibility to MAP infection. The c.1067C>G is a nonsynonymous SNP that causes an amino acid change in codon 356 from proline to alanine (P356A) that could alter SLC11A1 protein function. This association study supports the involvement of SLC11A1 gene in susceptibility to MAP infection in cattle. Our results suggest that SNP c.1067C>G may be a potential causal variant, although functional studies are needed to assure this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ruiz-Larrañaga
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country, Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Neta AVC, Mol JP, Xavier MN, Paixão TA, Lage AP, Santos RL. Pathogenesis of bovine brucellosis. Vet J 2010; 184:146-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Genetic polymorphism of Nramp1 gene and correlation with mastitis in Holstein cattle. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2009; 31:57-62. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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cDNA sequencing and expression of Nramp1 (Slc11a1) in dogs phenotypically resistant or susceptible to visceral leishmaniasis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 127:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Pazzola M, Luisa Dettori M, Atzeni M, Balia D, Massimo Vacca G. Genetic diversity of NRAMP1 3’-UTR microsatellite in cattle breeds reared in Sardinia. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Atzeni
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Balia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
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SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms are not associated to somatic cell score and milk yield in Chinese Holstein. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 127:389-92. [PMID: 19070368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that mutations of the solute carrier family 11 A1 (SLC11A1) gene are responsible for susceptibility to a number of intracellular pathogens. Mastitis is the most common and most costly disease of dairy cattle, commonly caused by bacteria. As SLC11A1 protein is involved in bacterial killing, we assumed SLC11A1 gene as a candidate gene for bovine mastitis resistance. In this study, polymorphisms in the SLC11A1 gene were identified in the Chinese Holstein population. Genotypes were constructed, and their associations with somatic cell score and milk yield were determined. Single-strand conformation polymorphisms and DNA sequencing were used to reveal polymorphisms in SLC11A1 gene. A SNP in coding region and a variation of GT repeats in 3'-untranslated region were detected. The SNP resulted in an amino acid variation of p.P356A in transmembrane 8 of SLC11A1 peptide, which is the most conserved consecutive region. However, no associations were observed between the detected polymorphisms and somatic cell scores and milk yield in the Chinese Holstein population.
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Hinger M, Brandt H, Horner S, Erhardt G. Short communication: Association analysis of microsatellites and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antibody response in German Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 2008; 90:1957-61. [PMID: 17369236 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis in ruminants is characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis, resulting in persistent diarrhea and progressive wasting of cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease occurs worldwide with high frequency, leading to growing economic losses in beef and dairy industries. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of microsatellites (BMC9006, BB704, BB705, BB717, BB719, BMS1617, BB702, and BOBT24) located near or within candidate genes involved in response mechanisms to paratuberculosis. Pedigree information existed for 4,686 German Holstein cows that had routinely been screened for MAP status using commercially available serum antibody ELISA test. The immunoglobulin G cutoff level was used to classify all animals as positive or negative for paratuberculosis. A total of 594 (12.7%) cows tested positive for paratuberculosis. The control group comprised 585 animals testing negative for MAP. Microsatellite BMC9006 had only 3 alleles (2 of which occurred at very low frequencies in the present data set) and was therefore not informative; the remaining microsatellites showed 3 to 12 alleles. Fisher's exact and chi2 tests revealed no significant differences in microsatellite allele frequencies between the 2 groups of German Holstein cows testing positive or negative for paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hinger
- Justus-Liebig University, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Giessen, Germany
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Martinez R, Toro R, Montoya F, Burbano M, Tobn J, Gallego J, Dunner S, Can J. BovineSLC11A13 UTR SSCP genotype evaluated by a macrophagein vitrokilling assay employing aBrucella abortusstrain. J Anim Breed Genet 2008; 125:271-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2008.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Association of microsatellite (GT)n polymorphism at 3′UTR of NRAMP1 with the macrophage function following challenge with Brucella LPS in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Vet Microbiol 2008; 129:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Kgwatalala P, Ibeagha AE, Zhao X. A critical analysis of disease-associated DNA polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:226-45. [PMID: 18350334 PMCID: PMC2323435 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations through their effects on gene expression and protein function underlie disease susceptibility in farm animal species. The variations are in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions/insertions of nucleotides or whole genes, gene or whole chromosomal rearrangements, gene duplications, and copy number polymorphisms or variants. They exert varying degrees of effects on gene action, such as substitution of an amino acid for another, shift in reading frame and premature termination of translation, and complete deletion of entire exon(s) or gene(s) in diseased individuals. These factors influence gene function by affecting mRNA splicing pattern or by altering/eliminating protein function. Elucidating the genetic bases of diseases under the control of many genes is very challenging, and it is compounded by several factors, including host x pathogen x environment interactions. In this review, the genetic variations that underlie several diseases of livestock (under monogenic and polygenic control) are analyzed. Also, factors hampering research efforts toward identification of genetic influences on animal disease identification and control are highlighted. A better understanding of the factors analyzed could be better harnessed to effectively identify and control, genetically, livestock diseases. Finally, genetic control of animal diseases can reduce the costs associated with diseases, improve animal welfare, and provide healthy animal products to consumers, and should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne De Bellevue, Montreal, QC, Canada, H9X 3V9.
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Martínez R, Dunner S, Barrera G, Cañon J. Novel variants within the coding regions of theSlc11A1gene identified inBos taurusandBos indicusbreeds. J Anim Breed Genet 2008; 125:57-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Association of polymorphisms of Nramp1 gene with immune function and production performance of large white pig. J Genet Genomics 2008; 35:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Paixão TA, Poester FP, Carvalho Neta AV, Borges AM, Lage AP, Santos RL. NRAMP1 3' untranslated region polymorphisms are not associated with natural resistance to Brucella abortus in cattle. Infect Immun 2007; 75:2493-9. [PMID: 17353292 PMCID: PMC1865736 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01855-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRAMP1 gene encodes a divalent cation transporter, located in the phagolysosomal membrane of macrophages, that has been associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens. In cattle, natural resistance against brucellosis has been associated with polymorphisms at the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene, which are detectable by single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA). This study aimed to evaluate the association between NRAMP1 3'UTR polymorphisms and resistance against bovine brucellosis in experimental and natural infections. In experimentally infected pregnant cows, abortion occurred in 42.1% of cows with a resistant genotype (SSCA(r); n = 19) and in 43.1% of those with a susceptible genotype (SSCA(s); n = 23). Furthermore, no association between intensity of pathological changes and genotype was detected. In a farm with a very high prevalence of bovine brucellosis, the percentages of strains of the SSCA(r) genotype were 86 and 84% in serologically positive (n = 64) and negative (n = 36) cows, respectively. Therefore, no association was found between the NRAMP1-resistant allele and the resistant phenotype in either experimental or naturally occurring brucellosis. To further support these results, bacterial intracellular survival was assessed in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages from cattle with either the resistant or susceptible genotype. In agreement with our previous results, no difference was observed in the rates of intracellular survival of B. abortus within macrophages from cattle with susceptible or resistant genotypes. Taken together, these results indicate that these polymorphisms at the NRAMP1 3'UTR do not affect resistance against B. abortus in cattle and that they are therefore not suitable markers of natural resistance against bovine brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane A Paixão
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária da UFMG, Depto. Clínica e Cirurgia Vet., Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Capparelli R, Alfano F, Amoroso MG, Borriello G, Fenizia D, Bianco A, Roperto S, Roperto F, Iannelli D. Protective effect of the Nramp1 BB genotype against Brucella abortus in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Infect Immun 2007; 75:988-96. [PMID: 17145946 PMCID: PMC1828489 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00948-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested 413 water buffalo cows (142 cases and 271 controls) for the presence of anti-Brucella abortus antibodies (by the skin test, the agglutination test, and the complement fixation test) and the Nramp1 genotype (by capillary electrophoresis). Four alleles (Nramp1A, -B, -C, and -D) were detected in the 3' untranslated region of the Nramp1 gene. The BB genotype was represented among only controls, providing evidence that this genotype confers resistance to Brucella abortus. The monocytes from the BB (resistant) subjects displayed a higher basal level of Nramp1 mRNA and a lower number of viable intracellular bacteria than did the monocytes from AA (susceptible) subjects. The higher basal level of the antibacterial protein Nramp1 most probably provides the BB animals with the possibility of controlling bacteria immediately after their entry inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Capparelli
- Faculty of Biotechnological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Morris CA. A review of genetic resistance to disease in Bos taurus cattle. Vet J 2006; 174:481-91. [PMID: 17095270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cattle show considerable variability in their responses to a wide range of disease challenges, and much of the variability is genetic. This review highlights genetic variation in disease susceptibility in Bos taurus cattle, with variation found at the breed level and also within breeds. Disease challenges come from bacteria and viruses, parasites and feed-borne toxins. For an animal to survive, it needs its own mechanisms for resisting these challenges, or for being resilient to them, or it must be protected artificially from them. Disease challenges have been classified as 'diseases from without', but there is also another class of genetic diseases resulting from inborn errors of metabolism, which might be called 'diseases from within'. Degrees of inheritance (heritabilities) are reviewed for a range of economically important traits including resistance to mastitis, ketosis, lameness, nematode parasites, external parasites, eye disease, respiratory disorders, tuberculosis, brucellosis, Johne's disease, foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, metabolic disorders caused by toxins found on the feed, and threshold levels of minerals and metabolites. Many, but not all, of the above require an immune response as part of the fight against an external challenge, and measurements have been made of general immune response as a way of describing or predicting how an animal will respond. There are now some examples of industry or breed societies applying selection for resistance to one or more diseases as part of a complete breeding objective in dairy cattle, beef cattle or dual purpose livestock. In most cases, industry and breed societies are in the early stages of applying effective selection pressure for resistance to specific cattle diseases, with the notable exceptions of Scandinavian cattle schemes, which lead the world in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Morris
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, PB 3123, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand.
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