1
|
Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Noce A, Landi V, Vacca GM. Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats ( Capra hircus), with an Important Role of CSN1S2 for Milk Yield. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 38200787 PMCID: PMC10778555 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the variability of casein genes in a population of 153 bucks and 825 lactating does of the Sarda breed, and to perform association analysis between polymorphic sites and milk yield and composition traits. To genotype the casein genes, we chose an SNP panel including 44 SNPs mapping to the four casein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3. Genotyping (made by KASP™ genotyping assay, based on competitive allele-specific PCR) revealed the high variability of the Sarda goat, and haplotype analysis revealed linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CSN1S1 and CSN2 genes, in addition to two LD blocks within the CSN1S2 and two LD blocks within the CSN3 gene, in bucks and does. Association analysis revealed that variability at all four casein genes was associated with milk protein content, total solids, and milk energy. The three Ca-sensitive casein genes were associated with lipid content, and CSN1S2 showed a unique pattern, with intron variants associated with milk yield, in addition to milk pH, NaCl, and SCS (Somatic Cell Score). This information might prove useful in selection schemes and in future investigations aiming to better understand the biology of lactation, and the direct link between genotype and phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Dettori
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Antonia Noce
- Centre de Recerca Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Vincenzo Landi
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pazzola M, Stocco G, Ferragina A, Bittante G, Dettori ML, Vacca GM, Cipolat-Gotet C. Cheese yield and nutrients recovery in the curd predicted by Fourier-transform spectra from individual sheep milk samples. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6759-6770. [PMID: 37230879 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to explore the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on individual sheep milk samples for predicting cheese-making traits, and to test the effect of the farm variability on their prediction accuracy. For each of 121 ewes from 4 farms, a laboratory model cheese was produced, and 3 actual cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and cheese water) and 4 milk nutrient recovery traits (fat, protein, total solids, and energy) in the curd were measured. Calibration equations were developed using a Bayesian approach with 2 different scenarios: (1) a random cross-validation (80% calibration; 20% validation set), and (2) a leave-one-out validation (3 farms used as calibration, and the remaining one as validation set) to assess the accuracy of prediction of samples from external farms, not included in calibration set. The best performance was obtained for predicting the yield and recovery of total solids, justifying for the practical application of the method at sheep population and dairy industry levels. Performances for the remaining traits were lower, but still useful for the monitoring of the milk processing in the case of fresh curd and recovery of energy. Insufficient accuracies were found for the recovery of protein and fat, highlighting the complex nature of the relationships among the milk nutrients and their recovery in the curd. The leave-one-out validation procedure, as expected, showed lower prediction accuracies, as a result of the characteristics of the farming systems, which were different between calibration and validation sets. In this regard, the inclusion of information related to the farm could help to improve the prediction accuracy of these traits. Overall, a large contribution to the prediction of the cheese-making traits came from the areas known as "water" and "fingerprint" regions. These findings suggest that, according to the traits studied, the inclusion of water regions for the development of the prediction equation models is fundamental to maintain a high prediction accuracy. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the role of specific absorbance peaks and their contribution to the prediction of cheese-making traits, to offer reliable tools applicable along the dairy ovine chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Stocco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ferragina
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Villar-Hernández BDJ, Amalfitano N, Cecchinato A, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Bittante G. Phenotypic Analysis of Fourier-Transform Infrared Milk Spectra in Dairy Goats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040807. [PMID: 36832882 PMCID: PMC9955890 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrared spectrum of bovine milk is used to predict many interesting traits, whereas there have been few studies on goat milk in this regard. The objective of this study was to characterize the major sources of variation in the absorbance of the infrared spectrum in caprine milk samples. A total of 657 goats belonging to 6 breeds and reared on 20 farms under traditional and modern dairy systems were milk-sampled once. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were taken (2 replicates per sample, 1314 spectra), and each spectrum contained absorbance values at 1060 different wavenumbers (5000 to 930 × cm-1), which were treated as a response variable and analyzed one at a time (i.e., 1060 runs). A mixed model, including the random effects of sample/goat, breed, flock, parity, stage of lactation, and the residual, was used. The pattern and variability of the FTIR spectrum of caprine milk was similar to those of bovine milk. The major sources of variation in the entire spectrum were as follows: sample/goat (33% of the total variance); flock (21%); breed (15%); lactation stage (11%); parity (9%); and the residual unexplained variation (10%). The entire spectrum was segmented into five relatively homogeneous regions. Two of them exhibited very large variations, especially the residual variation. These regions are known to be affected by the absorbance of water, although they also exhibited wide variations in the other sources of variation. The average repeatability of these two regions were 45% and 75%, whereas for the other three regions it was about 99%. The FTIR spectrum of caprine milk could probably be used to predict several traits and to authenticate the origin of goat milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Amalfitano
- Department of Agronomy, Food and Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food and Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food and Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chalbi S, Dettori ML, Djemali M, Vacca GM, Petretto E, Pazzola M, Bedhiaf-Romdhani S. Haplotype structure of MSTN, IGF1, and BMP2 genes in Tunisian goats (Capra hircus) and their association with morphometric traits. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 55:2. [PMID: 36474048 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate variability and haplotype structure of twenty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at myostatin (MSTN), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) genes. Association between the polymorphic SNPs and morphometric traits was performed on a population of 263 Tunisian goats. The SNPs analyzed were all polymorphic (except one), and the three genes had different haplotype structures. Significant association of SNPs at MSTN with head length was highlighted in the Tunisian goats. The variability at IGF1 gene was associated with body length, ear length, tail length, and chest depth. For BMP2, significant association was revealed with chest depth. Significant association was also detected between linkage disequilibrium (LD) block 2 at IGF1 with body length. These findings might play a potential role in gene-assisted programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Chalbi
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia.,Laboratoire Des Productions Animales Et Fourragères, Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M'Naouer Djemali
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | | | - Elena Petretto
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sonia Bedhiaf-Romdhani
- Laboratoire Des Productions Animales Et Fourragères, Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Petretto E, Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Manca F, Amills M, Vacca GM. Mitochondrial DNA diversity of the Sardinian local cattle stock. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2486. [PMID: 35169207 PMCID: PMC8847569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity of the Sarda (Sa, n = 131), Sardo Bruna (SB, n = 44) and Sardo Modicana (SM, n = 26) cattle breeds, reared in the island of Sardinia (Italy). A portion of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region was sequenced, in order to identify a potential signature of African introgression. The FST coefficients among populations ranged between 0.056 for Sa vs SB and 0.167 for SB vs SM. AMOVA analysis indicated there was a significant differentiation of the three breeds, although most of diversity was gathered at the within-breed level. The Median Joining Network of the Sardinian sequences showed a potential founder effect signature. A MJ network including Sardinian cattle plus African, Italian, Iberian and Asian sequences, revealed the presence of haplogroup T3, already detected in Sa cattle, and the presence of Hg T1 and Hg T1′2′3, in Sa and SB. The presence of a private haplotype belonging to haplogroup T1, which is characteristic of African taurine breeds, may be due to the introgression of Sardinian breeds with African cattle, either directly (most probable source: North African cattle) or indirectly (through a Mediterranean intermediary already introgressed with African blood).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petretto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Manca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcel Amills
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bittante G, Amalfitano N, Bergamaschi M, Patel N, Haddi ML, Benabid H, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Tagliapietra F, Schiavon S. Composition and aptitude for cheese-making of milk from cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, dromedary camels, and donkeys. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:2132-2152. [PMID: 34955249 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovines account for about 83% of the milk and dairy products consumed by humans worldwide, the rest represented by bubaline, caprine, ovine, camelid, and equine species, which are particularly important in areas of extensive pastoralism. Although milk is increasingly used for cheese production, the cheese-making efficiency of milk from the different species is not well known. This study compares the cheese-making ability of milk sampled from lactating females of the 6 dairy species in terms of milk composition, coagulation properties (using lactodynamography), curd-firming modeling, nutrients recovered in the curd, and cheese yield (through laboratory model-cheese production). Equine (donkey) milk had the lowest fat and protein content and did not coagulate after rennet addition. Buffalo and ewe milk yielded more fresh cheese (25.5 and 22.9%, respectively) than cow, goat, and dromedary milk (15.4, 11.9, and 13.8%, respectively). This was due to the greater fat and protein contents of the former species with respect to the latter, but also to the greater recovery of fat in the curd of bubaline (88.2%) than in the curd of camelid milk (55.0%) and consequent differences in the recoveries of milk total solids and energy in the curd; protein recovery, however, was much more similar across species (from 74.7% in dromedaries to 83.7% in bovine milk). Compared with bovine milk, the milk from the other Artiodactyla species coagulated more rapidly, reached curd firmness more quickly (especially ovine milk), had a more pronounced syneresis (especially caprine milk), had a greater potential asymptotical curd firmness (except dromedary and goat milk), and reached earlier maximum curd firmness (especially caprine and ovine milk). The maximum measured curd firmness was greater for bubaline and ovine milk, intermediate for bovine and caprine milk, and lower for camelid milk. The milk of all ruminant species can be used to make cheese, but, to improve efficiency, cheese-making procedures need to be optimized to take into account the large differences in their coagulation, curd-firming, and syneresis properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- DAFNAE-Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Nicolò Amalfitano
- DAFNAE-Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Matteo Bergamaschi
- DAFNAE-Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Nageshvar Patel
- DAFNAE-Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Mohamed-Laid Haddi
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Biotechnologie et Activité Microbienne, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Hamida Benabid
- Institut de Nutrition, Alimentation et Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Franco Tagliapietra
- DAFNAE-Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- DAFNAE-Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova (Padua), 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bittante G, Cecchinato A, Tagliapietra F, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Schiavon S. Effects of feeding system and CLA supplementation on animal, carcase and meat characteristics of fattened lambs and ewes. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1954557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Paschino P, Bittante G, Dettori ML. Novel Genes Associated with Dairy Traits in Sarda Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082207. [PMID: 34438665 PMCID: PMC8388407 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to analyze the variability of 45 SNPs from different genes involved in metabolism and innate immunity to perform an association analysis with the milk yield, composition and milk coagulation traits. A population of 1112 Sarda breed sheep was sampled. Genotyping was generated by a TaqMan Open ArrayTM. Thirty out of the 45 SNPs were polymorphic, and 12 displayed a minor allele frequency higher than 0.05. An association analysis showed that the variability at genes PRKAG3 and CD14 was significantly associated with the daily milk yield. The variability at PRKAG3 was also associated with the protein and casein content, somatic cell score and bacterial score. The variation at the PRKAA2 gene was associated with the milk lactose concentration. The SNPs at CD14 were also associated with the traditional milk coagulation properties, while the SNPs at GHR and GHRHR were associated with kSR, a derived coagulation parameter related to the rate of syneresis. The information provided here is new and increases our knowledge of genotype-phenotype interactions in sheep. Our findings might be useful in appropriate breeding schemes to be set up for the Sarda sheep breed, but these should be confirmed by further studies, possibly performed on independent populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.L.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079229442
| | - Pietro Paschino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.L.D.)
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bittante G, Pellattiero E, Cecchinato A, Tagliapietra F, Sturaro E, Ramanzin M, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Schiavon S. Performance, carcass conformation and meat quality of suckling, weaned and heavy lambs, and culled fattened ewes of autochthonous alpine sheep breeds. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1920484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova (Padova), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Erika Pellattiero
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova (Padova), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova (Padova), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova (Padova), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Sturaro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova (Padova), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ramanzin
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova (Padova), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Schiavon
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova (Padova), Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pira E, Vacca GM, Dettori ML, Piras G, Moro M, Paschino P, Pazzola M. Polymorphisms at Myostatin Gene ( MSTN) and the Associations with Sport Performances in Anglo-Arabian Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:964. [PMID: 33808485 PMCID: PMC8065447 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and eighty Anglo-Arabian horses running 1239 races were sampled for the present study. DNA was extracted from the blood and myostatin gene, MSTN, was genotyped. Moreover, prizes won and places were achieved for the 1239 races to perform association analyses between the different genotypes and sport traits. Two SNPs already reported in previous studies regarding the Thoroughbred breed, rs69472472 and rs397152648, were revealed as polymorphic. The linkage disequilibrium analysis investigating the haplotype structure of MSTN did not evidence any association block. Polymorphism at SNP rs397152648, previously known as g.66493737 T>C, significantly influenced sport traits, with heterozygous horses TC showing better results than homozygotes TT. The portion of variance due to the random effect of the individual animal, and the other phenotypic effects of sex, percentage of Arabian blood and race distance, computed together with the genotype at MSTN in the statistical models, exerted a significant influence. Hence, this information is useful to improve knowledge of the genetic profile of Anglo-Arabian horses and a possible selection for better sport performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pira
- Local Health Authority 7 Pedemontana, Via dei Lotti 40, 36061 Bassano del Grappa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.M.V.); (M.L.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.M.V.); (M.L.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Gianpiera Piras
- Local Health Authority of Oristano, Via Carducci 35, 09170 Oristano, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Moro
- Local Health Authority of Nuoro, Via Amerigo Demurtas 1, 08110 Nuoro, Italy;
| | - Pietro Paschino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.M.V.); (M.L.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.M.V.); (M.L.D.); (P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stocco G, Dadousis C, Vacca GM, Pazzola M, Paschino P, Dettori ML, Ferragina A, Cipolat-Gotet C. Breed of goat affects the prediction accuracy of milk coagulation properties using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3956-3969. [PMID: 33612240 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of traditional goat milk coagulation properties (MCP) and curd firmness over time (CFt) parameters via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be of significant economic interest to the dairy industry and can contribute to the breeding objectives for the genetic improvement of dairy goat breeds. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) explore the variability of milk FTIR spectra from 4 goat breeds (Camosciata delle Alpi, Murciano-Granadina, Maltese, and Sarda), and to assess the possible discriminant power of milk FTIR spectra among breeds, (2) assess the viability to predict coagulation traits by using milk FTIR spectra, and (3) quantify the effect of the breed on the prediction accuracy of MCP and CFt parameters. In total, 611 individual goat milk samples were used. Analysis of variance of measured MCP and CFt parameters was carried out using a mixed model including the farm and pendulum as random factors, and breed, parity, and days in milk as fixed factors. Milk spectra for each goat were collected over the spectral range from wavenumber 5,011 to 925 × cm-1. Discriminant analysis of principal components was used to assess the ability of FTIR spectra to identify breed of origin. A Bayesian model was used to calibrate equations for each coagulation trait. The accuracy of the model and the prediction equation was assessed by cross-validation (CRV; 80% training and 20% testing set) and stratified CRV (SCV; 3 breeds in the training set, one breed in the testing set) procedures. Prediction accuracy was assessed by using coefficient of determination of validation (R2VAL), the root mean square error of validation (RMSEVAL), and the ratio performance deviation. Moreover, measured and FTIR predicted traits were compared in the SCV procedure by assessing their least squares means for the breed effect, Pearson correlations, and variance heteroscedasticity. Results showed the feasibility of using FTIR spectra and multivariate analyses to correctly assign milk samples to their breeds of origin. The R2VAL values obtained with the CRV procedure were moderate to high for the majority of coagulation traits, with RMSEVAL and ratio performance deviation values increasing as the coagulation process progresses from rennet addition. Prediction accuracy obtained with the SCV were strongly influenced by the breed, presenting general low values restricting a practical application. In addition, the low Pearson correlation coefficients of Sarda breed for all the traits analyzed, and the heteroscedastic variances of Camosciata delle Alpi, Murciano-Granadina, and Maltese breeds, further indicated that it is fundamental to consider the differences existing among breeds for the prediction of milk coagulation traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Stocco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Christos Dadousis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Paschino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferragina
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Science, Teagasc Food Research Centre, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dettori ML, Petretto E, Pazzola M, Vidal O, Amills M, Vacca GM. Assessing the Diversity and Population Substructure of Sarda Breed Bucks by Using Mtdna and Y-Chromosome Markers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2194. [PMID: 33255190 PMCID: PMC7761473 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A sample of 146 Sarda bucks from eight subregions of Sardinia, Italy (Nuorese, Barbagia, Baronia, Ogliastra, Sarrabus, Guspinese, Iglesiente, Sulcis) were characterized for Y-chromosome and mtDNA markers to assess the levels of population substructure. Five polymorphic loci (SRY, AMELY, ZFY, and DDX3Y) on the Y-chromosome were genotyped. The control region of mtDNA was sequenced as a source of complementary information. Analysis of Y-chromosome data revealed the segregation of 5 haplotypes: Y1A (66.43%), Y2 (28.57%), Y1C (3.57%), Y1B1 (0.71%), and Y1B2 (0.71%). High levels of Y-chromosome diversity were observed in populations from Southwest Sardinia. The FST values based on Y-chromosome and mtDNA data were low, although a paternal genetic differentiation was observed when comparing the Nuorese and Barbagia populations (Central Sardinia) with the Sulcis, Iglesiente, and Sarrabus populations (Southern Sardinia). AMOVA analysis supported the lack of population substructure. These results suggest the occurrence of a historical and extensive gene flow between Sarda goat populations from different locations of Sardinia, despite the fact that this island is covered by several large mountain ranges. Introgression with foreign caprine breeds in order to improve milk production might have also contributed to avoiding the genetic differentiation amongst Sarda populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.P.); (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Elena Petretto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.P.); (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.P.); (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Oriol Vidal
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Department of Animal Genetics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.P.); (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Petretto E, Vacca GM. Association Analysis between SPP1, POFUT1 and PRLR Gene Variation and Milk Yield, Composition and Coagulation Traits in Sarda Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1216. [PMID: 32708940 PMCID: PMC7401589 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies focus on the identification of genomic regions that undergo selective processes, where evidence of selection is revealed and positional candidate genes are identified. The aim of the research was to evaluate the association between positional candidate genes, namely secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1, sheep chromosome Ovis aries OAR6, 36.651-36.658 Mb), protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1, OAR13, 61.006-61.027 Mb) and prolactin receptor (PRLR, OAR16, 38.969-39.028 Mb) with milk yield, composition and coagulation traits. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to the three genes were genotyped in 380 Sarda dairy sheep. Statistical analysis revealed an association between SNP rs161844011 at SPP1 (chromosome position Oar_v3 OAR6:36651870, gene region exon 7) and somatic cell score, while POFUT1 SNP rs424501869 (OAR13:61007495, intron 1) was associated with curd firmness both 45 and 60 min after rennet addition (p = 0.015 and p = 0.007, respectively). SNP rs400874750 at PRLR gene (OAR16:39004070, intron 2) had a significant association with lactose content (p = 0.020), somatic cell score (p = 0.038), rennet coagulation time (p = 0.018) and curd firming time (p = 0.047). The outcome of this research confirmed predictions based on genomic studies, producing new information regarding the SPP1, POFUT1 and PRLR genes, which may be useful for future breeding schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.L.D.); (E.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paschino P, Vacca GM, Dettori ML, Pazzola M. An approach for the estimation of somatic cells’ effect in Sarda sheep milk based on the analysis of milk traits and coagulation properties. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
Nieddu M, Robledo R, Mezzanotte R, Vacca GM, Pita M. Cytogenetic identity: A new parameter for estimating whole-genome differences. Gene Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
16
|
Vidal O, Drögemüller C, Obexer-Ruff G, Reber I, Jordana J, Martínez A, Bâlteanu VA, Delgado JV, Eghbalsaied S, Landi V, Goyache F, Traoré A, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Badaoui B, Pilla F, D'Andrea M, Álvarez I, Capote J, Sharaf A, Pons À, Amills M. Differential distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes in Swiss and Southern European goat breeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16161. [PMID: 29170508 PMCID: PMC5701018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of Y-chromosome variation has provided valuable clues about the paternal history of domestic animal populations. The main goal of the current work was to characterize Y-chromosome diversity in 31 goat populations from Central Eastern (Switzerland and Romania) and Southern Europe (Spain and Italy) as well as in reference populations from Africa and the Near East. Towards this end, we have genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mapping to the SRY, ZFY, AMELY and DDX3Y Y-linked loci, in 275 bucks from 31 populations. We have observed a low level of variability in the goat Y-chromosome, with just five haplotypes segregating in the whole set of populations. We have also found that Swiss bucks carry exclusively Y1 haplotypes (Y1A: 24%, Y1B1: 15%, Y1B2: 43% and Y1C: 18%), while in Italian and Spanish bucks Y2A is the most abundant haplotype (77%). Interestingly, in Carpathian goats from Romania the Y2A haplotype is also frequent (42%). The high Y-chromosome differentiation between Swiss and Italian/Spanish breeds might be due to the post-domestication spread of two different Near Eastern genetic stocks through the Danubian and Mediterranean corridors. Historical gene flow between Southern European and Northern African goats might have also contributed to generate such pattern of genetic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Vidal
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | | | - Irene Reber
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Jordana
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Valentin Adrian Bâlteanu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Shahin Eghbalsaied
- Transgenesis Center of Excellence, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vincenzo Landi
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Felix Goyache
- Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA-Deva, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain
| | - Amadou Traoré
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Bouabid Badaoui
- University Mohammed V, Agdal, Faculty of Sciences, 4 Av. Ibn Battota, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università Degli Studi Del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università Degli Studi Del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Isabel Álvarez
- Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA-Deva, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain
| | - Juan Capote
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Canary Islands, Tenerife, La Laguna 38108, Spain
| | - Abdoallah Sharaf
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Àgueda Pons
- Unitat de Races Autòctones, Servei de Millora Agrària, (SEMILLA-SAU), Son Ferriol, 07198, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vacca GM, Paschino P, Dettori ML, Bergamaschi M, Cipolat-Gotet C, Bittante G, Pazzola M. Environmental, morphological, and productive characterization of Sardinian goats and use of latent explanatory factors for population analysis. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3947-3957. [PMID: 27898896 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy goat farming is practiced worldwide, within a range of different farming systems. Here we investigated the effects of environmental factors and morphology on milk traits of the Sardinian goat population. Sardinian goats are currently reared in Sardinia (Italy) in a low-input context, similar to many goat farming systems, especially in developing countries. Milk and morphological traits from 1,050 Sardinian goats from 42 farms were recorded. We observed a high variability regarding morphological traits, such as coat color, ear length and direction, horn presence, and udder shape. Such variability derived partly from the unplanned repeated crossbreeding of the native Sardinian goats with exotic breeds, especially Maltese goats. The farms located in the mountains were characterized by the traditional farming system and the lowest percentage of crossbred goats. Explanatory factors analysis was used to summarize the interrelated measured milk variables. The explanatory factor related to fat, protein, and energy content of milk (the "Quality" latent variable) explained about 30% of the variance of the whole data set of measured milk traits followed by the "Hygiene" (19%), "Production" (19%), and "Acidity" (11%) factors. The "Quality" and "Hygiene" factors were not affected by any of the farm classification items, whereas "Production" and "Acidity" were affected only by altitude and size of herds, respectively, indicating the adaptation of the local goat population to different environmental conditions. The use of latent explanatory factor analysis allowed us to clearly explain the large variability of milk traits, revealing that the Sardinian goat population cannot be divided into subpopulations based on milk attitude The factors, properly integrated with genetic data, may be useful tools in future selection programs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kırıkçı K, Noce A, Zidi A, Serradilla JM, Carrizosa J, Urrutia B, Pilla F, D’Andrea M, Capote J, Bizelis I, Balteanu V, Cardoso TF, Eghbalsaied S, Pons A, Álvarez LÁ, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Obexer-Ruff G, Amills M. Analysing the diversity of the caprine melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in goats with distinct geographic origins. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Noce A, Pazzola M, Dettori ML, Amills M, Castelló A, Cecchinato A, Bittante G, Vacca GM. Variations at regulatory regions of the milk protein genes are associated with milk traits and coagulation properties in the Sarda sheep. Anim Genet 2016; 47:717-726. [PMID: 27435993 DOI: 10.1111/age.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory variation at the ovine casein genes could have important effects on the composition and coagulation properties of milk. Herewith, we have partially resequenced the promoters and the 3'-UTR of the four casein genes in 25 Sarda sheep. Alignment of these sequences allowed us to identify a total of 29 SNPs. This level of polymorphism (one SNP every 250 bp) is remarkably high if compared with SNP densities estimated in human genic regions (approximately one SNP per bp). The 29 SNPs identified in our resequencing experiment, plus three previously reported SNPs mapping to the lactalbumin, alpha (LALBA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG, also known as progestagen-associated endometrial protein, PAEP) genes, were genotyped with a multiplex TaqMan Open Array Real-Time PCR assay in 760 Sarda sheep with records for milk composition and coagulation properties. Association analysis revealed the existence of significant associations of CSN1S2 and CSN3 genotypes with milk protein and casein contents. Moreover, genotypes at CSN1S1 were significantly associated with rennet coagulation time, curd firming time and curd firmness, whereas CSN2 was associated with curd firming time. These results suggest that SNPs mapping to the promoters and 3'-UTRs of ovine casein genes may exert regulatory effects on gene expression and that they could be used for improving sheep milk quality and technological traits at the population level through marker assisted selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Noce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - M Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - M L Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Amills
- Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - A Castelló
- Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - G Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - G M Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luisa Dettori M, Rocchigiani AM, Pazzola M, Carcangiu V, Massimo Vacca G. PCR-SSCP analysis of GH gene in Sarda goats: a high variability and its preliminary effects on dairy performances. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pazzola M, Pira E, Sedda G, Vacca GM, Cocco R, Sechi S, Bonelli P, Nicolussi P. Responses of hematological parameters, beta-endorphin, cortisol, reactive oxygen metabolites, and biological antioxidant potential in horses participating in a traditional tournament. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:1573-80. [PMID: 26020179 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several concerns have been raised over the health of animals used in equestrian games that have their origins in historical or religious events and are currently held in many countries. This study investigated physiological stress response and health status of horses participating in the Sartiglia, a historical horse tournament held in the city of Oristano, Italy, which is principally based on the attempts of masked horsemen at a gallop to run a sword through a hole in a suspended silver star. Blood samples were collected from 21 horses the day before the tournament (D0), during the tournament (D1), and the day after the tournament (D2). Samples were analyzed for complete blood count and biochemical, hormonal, and oxidative stress assays. Data were analyzed using the mixed effect model with sampling session as one of the fixed effects. On the whole, blood parameters evidenced an optimal health status of horses at D0. Significant dehydration and increase of circulating glucose, enzymes, cortisol, and β-endorphin were registered at D1 (P < 0.001) with a complete recovery of physiological values just at D2. The reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM), from which the prooxidant activity can be evaluated, showed an increase from D0 to D1 and D2. Concentration of biological antioxidant potential, which measured the antioxidant capacity, was characterized by the maximum level registered during the tournament and counteracted the simultaneous increase of d-ROM. It can be hypothesized that the tournament played an important role in causing high levels of oxidant markers not only because of the physical exercise represented by the gallop but also because the emotional stressors. In conclusion, the tournament caused significant changes of most parameters, which rapidly recovered to baseline values within the day after. These data will certainly be useful for a future implementation of tests in equine medicine and for the improvements of knowledge of changes of blood parameters and health of horses in similar tournaments.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nieddu M, Mezzanotte R, Pichiri G, Coni PP, Dedola GL, Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Robledo R. Evolution of satellite DNA sequences in two tribes of Bovidae: A cautionary tale. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:513-8. [PMID: 26692159 PMCID: PMC4763316 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738420150094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Two clones, Bt1 from Bos taurus and Om1 from Ovis orientalis
musimon, were used as probes for hybridization on genomic DNA and on
metaphase chromosomes in members of Bovini and Caprini tribes. Bt1 and Om1 are
sequences respectively belonging to the 1.715 and 1.714 DNA satellite I families.
Southern blots and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments
showed completely coherent results: the Bovini probe Bt1 hybridized only to members
of the Bovini tribe and not to members of Caprini. Likewise, the Caprini probe Om1
hybridized only to members of the Caprini tribe and not to members of Bovini.
Hybridization signals were detected in the heterochromatic regions of every
acrocentric autosome, except for two pairs of autosomes from Capra
hircus that did not show hybridization to probe Om1. No signal was
detected on X and Y chromosomes or on bi-armed autosomes. Remarkably, probe Om1
showed almost 100% homology with a bacterial sequence reported in
Helicobacter pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Roberto Mezzanotte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Coni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Dedola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Renato Robledo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vacca GM, Dettori ML, Piras G, Manca F, Paschino P, Pazzola M. Goat casein genotypes are associated with milk production traits in the Sarda breed. Anim Genet 2014; 45:723-31. [PMID: 24990661 DOI: 10.1111/age.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current work was to analyze, in the Sarda breed goat, genetic polymorphism within the casein genes and to assess their influence on milk traits. Genetic variants at the CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2 and CSN3 gene loci were investigated using PCR-based methods, cloning and sequencing. Strong alleles prevailed at the CSN1S1 gene locus and defective alleles also were revealed. Null alleles were evidenced at each calcium-sensitive gene locus. At the CSN3 gene locus, we observed a prevalence of the CSN3 A and B alleles; the occurrence of rare alleles such as CSN3 B'', C, C', D, E and M; and the CSN3 S allele (GenBank KF644565) described here for the first time in Capra hircus. Statistical analysis showed that all genes, except CSN3, significantly influenced milk traits. The CSN1S1 BB and AB genotypes were associated with the highest percentages of protein (4.41 and 4.40 respectively) and fat (5.26 and 5.34 respectively) (P < 0.001). A relevant finding was that CSN2 and CSN1S2 genotypes affected milk protein content and yield. The polymorphism of the CSN2 gene affected milk protein percentage with the highest values recorded in the CSN2 AA goats (4.35, at P < 0.001). The CSN1S2 AC goats provided the highest fat (51.02 g/day) and protein (41.42 g/day) (P < 0.01) production. This information can be incorporated into selection schemes for the Sarda breed goat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Vacca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy; Centro di Competenza Biodiversità Animale, viale Adua 2C, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bittante G, Pellattiero E, Malchiodi F, Cipolat-Gotet C, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Schiavon S, Cecchinato A. Quality traits and modeling of coagulation, curd firming, and syneresis of sheep milk of Alpine breeds fed diets supplemented with rumen-protected conjugated fatty acid. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4018-28. [PMID: 24819130 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the modeling of curd-firming (CF) measures and to compare the sheep milk of 3 Alpine breeds supplemented with or without rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (rpCLA). Twenty-four ewes of the Brogna, Foza, and Lamon breeds were allotted to 6 pens (2 pens/breed) and fed a diet composed of corn grain, corn silage, dried sugar beet pulp, soybean meal, wheat bran, wheat straw, and a vitamin-mineral mixture. The rpCLA supplement (12 g/d per ewe plus 4 g/d for each lamb older than 30 d) was mixed into the diet of 1 pen per sheep breed (3 pens/treatment) to provide an average of 0.945 and 0.915 g/d per ewe of the cis-9,trans-11 C18:2 and trans-10,cis-12 C18:2 conjugated linoleic acid isomers, respectively. The trial started at 38 ± 23 d after parturition, and individual morning milk samples were collected on d 16, 23, 37, 44, and 59 of the trial. Milk samples were analyzed for composition, and duplicate samples were assessed for milk coagulation properties (MCP). A total of 180 CF measures for each sample (1 every 15s) were recorded. Model parameters were the rennet coagulation time, the asymptotic potential CF, the CF instant rate constant, the syneresis instant rate constant, the maximum CF achieved within 45 min (CFmax), and the time at achievement of CFmax. The data were analyzed using a hierarchical model that considered the fixed effects of breed, diet, lamb birth, and initial days in milk, which were tested on individual ewe (random) variance; the fixed effect of sampling day, which was tested on the within-ewe sample (random) variance; and the fixed effect of instrument or cuvette position (only for MCP), which was tested on the residual (replicates within samples) variance. The local Alpine sheep breeds displayed similar milk compositions, traditional MCP, and CF modeling parameters. Supplementation with rpCLA triggered changes in milk composition and worsened MCP (e.g., delayed rennet coagulation time, slower CF instant rate constant, and a doubling of syneresis instant rate constant), but did not influence potential CF. Overall, our results indicate that rpCLA supplementation reduced the actual maximum CF (CFmax) but did not modify the interval between rennet addition and CFmax or time to CFmax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - E Pellattiero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Malchiodi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - C Cipolat-Gotet
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G M Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vacca GM, Dettori ML, Balia F, Luridiana S, Mura MC, Carcangiu V, Pazzola M. Sequence polymorphisms at the growth hormone GH1/GH2-N and GH2-Z gene copies and their relationship with dairy traits in domestic sheep (Ovis aries). Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5285-94. [PMID: 23653010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to analyze the growth hormone GH1/GH2-N and GH2-Z gene copies and to assess their possible association with milk traits in Sarda sheep. Two hundred multiparous lactating ewes were monitored. The two gene copies were amplified separately and each was used as template for a nested PCR, to investigate single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of the 5'UTR, exon-1, exon-5 and 3'UTR DNA regions. SSCP analysis revealed marked differences in the number of polymorphic patterns between the two genes. Sequencing revealed five nucleotide changes at the GH1/GH2-N gene. Five nucleotide changes occurred at the GH2-Z gene: one was located in exon-5 (c.556G > A) and resulted in a putative amino acid substitution G186S. All the nucleotide changes were copy-specific, except c.*30delT, which was common to both GH1/GH2-N and GH2-Z. Variability in the promoter regions of each gene might have consequences on the expression level, due to the involvement in potential transcription factor binding sites. Both gene copies influenced milk yield. A correlation with milk protein and casein content was also evidenced. These results may have implications that make them useful for future breeding strategies in dairy sheep breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Vacca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luridiana S, Mura MC, Pazzola M, Paludo M, Cosso G, Dettori ML, Bua S, Vacca GM, Carcangiu V. Association between melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene polymorphism and the reproductive performance of Mediterranean Italian buffaloes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 24:983-7. [PMID: 22935159 DOI: 10.1071/rd11297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene polymorphism in adult buffaloes has been reported to affect reproductive seasonality. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to assess whether this polymorphism can affect age at first conception and the interval between first and second calving in Mediterranean Italian buffaloes. The allelic frequency of the C and T alleles was 0.44 and 0.56, respectively, whereas the genotypic frequency was 26% for C/C, 40% for C/T and 34% for T/T. The average age at first mating was approximately 20 months, whereas that at calving was approximately 32 months. The largest number of calvings of primiparous buffaloes was recorded between June and October. No associations between genotype, first mating and subsequent calving date were found. The duration from first to second calving was longer in buffaloes with the C/C genotype compared with those with the T/T and C/T genotypes (P<0.01). The period of calving for buffaloes with the C/C genotype was mainly from July to September, whereas that for buffaloes with the T/T genotype was largely from March to May. The MTNR1A gene had no effect on the age of first conception in Mediterranean Italian buffaloes. Rather, the association between the T/T genotype and reproductive activity during days with a long photoperiod indicates that this polymorphism may be considered a genetic marker to identify buffaloes that are able to reproduce out of the breeding season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Luridiana
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Daga C, Paludo M, Luridiana S, Mura MC, Bodano S, Pazzola M, Dettori ML, Vacca GM, Carcangiu V. Identification of novel SNPs in the Sarda breed goats POU1F1 gene and their association with milk productive performance. Mol Biol Rep 2012. [PMID: 23184007 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to detect polymorphism in the POU1F1 gene in Sarda breed goat, as well as to establish if SNPs could be associated with milk productive traits. The research was conducted on 129 Sarda breed goats from 4 to 5 years old, multiparous, lactating and in their third to fifth lactation. We report nine exonic and seven non-coding regions SNPs within the Sarda goat POU1F1 gene, namely, Ex 1 61 G>C; Ex 1 108 G>A; Ex 3 C>T; Ex 3 92 C>T; Ex 4 110 A>G; Ex 5 34 G>A resulting in Arg213Lys change; IVS4 641 G>A, IVS4 643 A>C, IVS4 659 G>A, IVS4 677 A>C, IVS4 G699Del, IVS4 709 C>G, Ex 6 17 G>A resulting in Arg228Ser change, Ex 6 58 G>T, Ex 6 172 T>C, 3'UTR 110 T>C. A statistically significant association was found between genotype TT, in position 17 of the exon 6 (3.1 % of frequency), and increased milk yield (P < 0.01) while genotype GT (25.6 % of frequency) was associated with a higher fat content. Genotype TT in position 58 of the exon 6 (3.9 % of frequency) was found to be associated with a higher fat (P < 0.01) and protein content (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight haplotypes were detected, but no significant association between the haplotypes and the milk production traits have been found. Our data, as well as providing new SNPs extending the POU1F1 gene characterization, evidence a relationship between polymorphism and milk production traits in Sarda goat breed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Daga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Carcangiu V, Mura MC, Bini PP, Vacca GM, Daga C, Luridiana S. Can advance of first lambing induced by melatonin implants influence the next lambing time in Sarda breed sheep? Can J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2010-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carcangiu, V., Mura, M. C., Bini, P. P., Vacca, G. M., Daga, C. and Luridiana, S. 2012. Can advance of first lambing induced by melatonin implants influence the next lambing time in Sarda breed sheep? Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 67–71. In adult sheep, exogenously administered melatonin from continuous slow-release implants has been shown to advance the onset of the breeding season by mimicking the stimulatory effect of short days. The aim of this study was to verify if treatment with one or two melatonin implants was effective in advancing the first conception in Sarda ewe lambs, and if this advance would also be seen in the second lambing too. In the first year, 600 ewe lambs were randomly assigned to groups M, M+M and C, each with 200 animals. On Jun. 30, group M received a single implant while group M+M received two implants. Group C was untreated. On Aug. 04, 25 rams were introduced in the groups and removed after 70 d. From these 600 animals the 420 head that lambed prior to Mar. 12 were chosen for the second year. These ewes were subdivided into two groups T1 (ewes who lambed between 2007 Jan. 01 and Feb. 10) and T2 (ewes which lambed between 2007 Feb. 11 and Mar. 12). Both in T1 and T2 the distribution of the animals in M, M+M and C group was maintained. In the first year, the treated animals lambed earlier (P<0.05) and showed higher numbers of lambed ewes at Feb. 10 (P<0.01) and at March 12 (P<0.05) compared with untreated control animals. The animals that showed an advance in the period of their first conception, also showed, in the second breeding year, an advance in the lambing time (P<0.001). This study provides evidence that the advance of first conception, obtained with melatonin treatment also influenced the reproductive activity in the following breeding season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italia
| | - Maria Consuelo Mura
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italia
| | - Pier Paolo Bini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italia
| | - Cinzia Daga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italia
| | - Sebastiano Luridiana
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mura MC, Daga C, Paludo M, Luridiana S, Pazzola M, Bodano S, Dettori ML, Vacca GM, Carcangiu V. Analysis of polymorphism within POU1F1 gene in relation to milk production traits in dairy Sarda sheep breed. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6975-9. [PMID: 22311029 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ovine POU1F1 gene is localized on chromosome 1 and it contains five introns and six exons. In different mammalian species some mutations in different exons are associated with different production traits. The aim of our research was to study the POU1F1 gene nucleotide sequence to detect possible polymorphisms and their relationships with milk productive traits in Sarda breed sheep. The study had been conducted on 140 ewes, 4 or 5 years old coming from a farm located in Sardinia. All the animals were multiparous, lactating and in their third to fifth lactation. Individual milk yield had been recorded monthly and for each sample fat, protein, casein, lactose, and somatic cell count values were analysed. A jugular blood sample was collected from each ewe to perform genomic DNA extraction. PCR, SSCP and sequencing analysis were carried out to examine the six exons to highlight possible SNPs. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse association of variants with milk yield and/or its composition. Two novel SNP were found: 121 C>T in the 5'UTR of the fourth intron fragment and 249 G>A in the 3'UTR of the sixth exon fragment. The statistical analysis did not shown association between milk productive traits and the found polymorphisms. However, further investigations about the promoter region or the prophet genes, like the PROP-1, could clarify its exact role in regulating the productive traits in sheep.
Collapse
|
30
|
Carcangiu V, Luridiana S, Vacca GM, Daga C, Mura MC. A polymorphism at the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene in Sarda ewes affects fertility after AI in the spring. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:376-80. [PMID: 21211471 DOI: 10.1071/rd10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of MTNR1A gene polymorphisms on the fertility rate after AI in Sarda sheep was evaluated in 600 lactating adult ewes. Genomic DNA was subjected to amplification of the MTNR1A gene exon II. Amplicons were digested with restriction endonuclease MnlI. Ten samples from each genotype were sequenced. A polymorphism was detected (A612G) and ewes were determined to be +/+, +/- or -/- for the allele. Allelic frequency was 0.77 for the+allele and 0.23 for the - allele. The frequency of the +/+, +/- and -/- genotypes was 68, 19 and 13%, respectively. On 16 May 2009, 60 ewes from each genotype group were synchronised using intravaginal sponges containing 40 mg fluorogestone acetate for 14 days. At sponge removal, the ewes were administered 350 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and were then inseminated, 54-56 h later, with 400 × 10(6) spermatozoa. Pregnancies were confirmed 50 days after AI using transabdominal ultrasonography. Lambing dates and the number of newborn lambs were recorded within 155 days after AI. Conception and lambing rate were higher for ewes with the +/+ and +/- genotypes compared with those with the -/- genotype (P<0.01). In conclusion, there was a positive correlation between MTNR1A allele polymorphisms the reproductive response following synchronisation and AI in the spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vacca GM, Pazzola M, Pisano C, Carcangiu V, Diaz ML, Nieddu M, Robledo R, Mezzanotte R, Dettori ML. Chromosomal localisation and genetic variation of the SLC11A1 gene in goats (Capra hircus). Vet J 2010; 190:60-5. [PMID: 21071245 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier family 11 member A1 (SLC11A1) gene is associated with resistance to infectious diseases. Chromosomal localisation, genomic regions corresponding to functional domains and the genetic variability of microsatellites in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of this gene were investigated in 427 goats (Capra hircus) of six breeds. Using dual colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation, SLC11A1 was localised to goat chromosome 2. Single strand conformation polymorphism was used to screen for polymorphisms in SLC11A1 exons 2, 10 and 15. There was no variation among goat breeds in the sarcoma homology 3 (SH3) binding motif, the protein kinase C phosphorylation site or the two N-linked glycosylation sites. Exon 15 exhibited variability due to the presence of two polymorphic microsatellites. Genotyping of the upstream guanine-thymine repeat (GTn) at 3'-UTR revealed eight alleles (GT11, GT12, GT14-GT19) in goats, whereas GT13 (present in cattle) was absent. Most goats carried the GT16 allele and no allele was found to be exclusive to only one breed. The coefficient of genetic differentiation value (G(ST)) was 0.084. This microsatellite appears to be an informative DNA marker for genetic linkage analysis in goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Vacca
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vacca GM, Daga C, Pazzola M, Carcangiu V, Dettori ML, Cozzi MC. D-loop sequence mitochondrial DNA variability of Sarda goat and other goat breeds and populations reared in the Mediterranean area. J Anim Breed Genet 2010; 127:352-60. [PMID: 20831559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Vacca
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Department of Animal Science, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mura MC, Luridiana S, Vacca GM, Bini PP, Carcangiu V. Effect of genotype at the MTNR1A locus and melatonin treatment on first conception in Sarda ewe lambs. Theriogenology 2010; 74:1579-86. [PMID: 20708235 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A sample of 423 Sarda ewe lambs from three different farms was used to evaluate the effect of one or two melatonin implants on the time of first conception. On each farm, 141 animals were divided into three groups. On June 30 these animals received either no treatment (Group C), 18 mg melatonin (Group M1, one implant), or 18 + 18 mg melatonin (Group M2, two implants). Thirty-five days after treatment, rams were introduced in the ewe lambs flock and subsequently removed after 40 days. Lambing dates were recorded between 150 and 190 days from the first day of male introduction. Genotyping and sequencing of the MT1 exon 2 were carried out to analyze the structure and the possible influence of the MT1 receptor gene on reproductive response to melatonin treatment. Melatonin-treated animals had a higher rate of pregnancy (P < 0.05) and lambed earlier (P < 0.05) compared with untreated animals. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in exon II of MT1 gene at positions C606T and G612A leading to genotypes C/C, C/T or T/T and +/+, +/- and -/-, respectively. Melatonin-treated animals of +/+ genotype showed a higher number of pregnancies (P < 0.05) and lambed earlier (P < 0.05) compared to untreated animals of the same genotype. Melatonin treatment did not affect reproductive activity in any other genotype analyzed. No correlation between genotype and the time of first conception was found in untreated animals. Concluding data revealed the positive effect of melatonin treatment on the time of first conception in ewe lambs and highlighted that +/+ genotype is able to influence reproductive response to melatonin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Mura
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Carcangiu V, Mura MC, Vacca GM, Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Daga C, Luridiana S. Characterization of the melatonin receptor gene MT1 in mouflon (Ovis Gmelini Musimon) and its relationship with reproductive activity. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:196. [PMID: 19908253 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Carcangiu V, Mura MC, Vacca GM, Pazzola M, Dettori ML, Luridiana S, Bini PP. Polymorphism of the melatonin receptor MT1 gene and its relationship with seasonal reproductive activity in the Sarda sheep breed. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 116:65-72. [PMID: 19223130 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study the polymorphisms of the melatonin receptor 1A gene (MTNR1A) and its relationship with seasonal reproduction in the Sarda sheep breed. Four-thousand multiparous ewes reared under natural photoperiod were randomly chosen. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR for the amplification of the main part of exon II of the ovine MTNR1A gene (GenBank U14109). PCR products were subjected to restriction enzymes MnlI and RsaI and placed into +/+, +/- or -/- group for MnlI and C/C, C/T or T/T group for RsaI. Samples were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were aligned with the U14109 sequence of GenBank. Data were subjected to allelic frequency analysis and to the chi(2) test in order to evaluate the link between genotype and reproductive activity. After MnlI digestion, allelic frequency was 0.78 for allele +and 0.22 for allele -; genotype frequency of the +/+ homozygote was 68%, 20.5% for +/- and 11.5% for -/-. After RsaI, allelic frequency was 0.66 for allele C and 0.34 for allele T; genotype frequency of the C/C homozygote was 53.5%, 26% for C/T and 20.5% for T/T. The population was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium both for the MnlI and RsaI. Lambing frequency of +/+ genotype ewes was higher in the period September-December while for -/- genotype in January-April (P<0.01). Lambing of C/C genotype ewes showed a higher frequency in September-December while for T/T genotype in January-April (P<0.01). Results confirmed that the polymorphism of the MTNR1A locus was also present in the Sarda with a higher incidence of the +/+ and C/C genotypes. The animals that carried one of these two gene isoforms showed a not seasonal reproductive activity with the lambing period in September-December.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luisa Dettori M, Rocchigiani AM, Pazzola M, Carcangiu V, Massimo Vacca G. PCR-SSCP analysis of GH gene in Sarda goats: a high variability and its preliminary effects on dairy performances. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pazzola M, Luisa Dettori M, Atzeni M, Balia D, Massimo Vacca G. Genetic diversity of NRAMP1 3’-UTR microsatellite in cattle breeds reared in Sardinia. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Atzeni
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Balia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vacca GM, Carcangiu V, Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Mura MC, Luridiana S, Tilloca G. Productive performance and meat quality of Mouflon×Sarda and Sarda×Sarda suckling lambs. Meat Sci 2008; 80:326-34. [PMID: 22063337 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare slaughtering performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in lambs of two different genotypes. Sixteen crossbred Mouflon×Sarda (M×S) and sixteen pure Sarda breed (S×S) suckling lambs were analysed. Chemical and fatty acid composition were determined on semitendinosus and longissimus dorsi muscles and perirenal and pelvic fats. Dressing percentage was higher (P<0.01) in M×S group and after histological dissection M×S carcasses had more muscle tissue (P<0.01) and less separable fat (P<0.05). Muscles of M×S had less cholesterol than the S×S lambs (P<0.01). Polyunsaturated/saturated and n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratios of the intramuscular lipids were optimal in both groups. Indexes of atherogenicity and of thrombogenicity in muscles varied between 0.9 and 1.1. The results indicated several good qualities in both the genotypes, but M×S lambs have some traits which could provide a higher market price.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Vacca
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna, 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carcangiu V, Vacca GM, Mura MC, Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Luridiana S, Bini PP. Relationship between MTNR1A melatonin receptor gene polymorphism and seasonal reproduction in different goat breeds. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 110:71-8. [PMID: 18243602 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive activity of goats bred in temperate latitude follows a seasonal pattern, influenced by annual variation in day length. Daily variation in pineal melatonin secretion is the neuroendocrine signal recognized by animals through the link between this hormone and melatonin receptor 1a (MTNR1A). A total of 345 goats of different breeds (225 Sarda, 30 Saanen, 30 Chamois Coloured, 30 Maltese and 30 Nubian) with a kidding period in October-December or January-March were analysed to verify if a link exists between the structure of the receptor gene and reproductive activity. The main part of exon II of MTNR1A gene was amplified by PCR and then digested with MnlI and RsaI to prove the presence of restriction sites. Sequencing of 20 cloned samples and 20 purified samples permitted comparison with previously published sequences. No polymorphism was found using MnlI enzyme, as all 345 samples showed the cleavage site in position 605 and all the goats were MM genotype. However, using RsaI enzyme, some Sarda goats, showed a polymorphic site in position 53. Nine Sarda goats were R/r genotype, lacking this cleavage site only in one allele, while the other animals, both Sarda and the other breeds, presented the cleavage site in both the alleles and were thus R/R genotype. No r/r genotype was found in any of the breeds. In Sarda goats the allelic frequency was 0.98 for R allele and 0.02 for r allele; genotypic frequency was 96.00% for R/R genotype and 4.00% for R/r genotype. A strong link emerged from statistical analysis (P<0.001) between R/r genotype and reproductive activity, which was strongly influenced by photoperiod. Sequencing indicated six nucleotide changes that did not induce any amino acid change. Data showed that polymorphism was present and that it influences reproductive activity only in the Sarda breed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vacca GM, Carcangiu V, Dettori ML, Bini PP. Carcass Characteristics of Mouflon × Sarda Lambs. Vet Res Commun 2005; 29 Suppl 2:395-8. [PMID: 16245003 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Vacca
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pinna W, Vacca GM, Lai P, Cappio Borlino A. Morphometric analysis of Sardinian breed donkeys. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1994; 70:171-7. [PMID: 7857604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The main somatometric characteristics of 15 Sardinian breed adult donkeys (6 male and 9 female) were studied. Analysis of the somatic measurements and zoometric indexes show subjects of small build of a mesomorph constitutional type. Dimorphism between the sexes is slight and is limited to the rump area. The number of donkeys still to be found in Sardinia is greatly reduced and urgent measures are needed to safeguard its animal genetic resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Pinna
- Institute of Animal Production, University of Sassari
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pinna W, Cappio Borlino A, Vacca GM, Lai G. Morphology of adult white donkeys of Asinara. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1993; 69:595-600. [PMID: 8198800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of the Asinara white donkey has the following somatic characteristics: white coat, pink skin and glabrous areas, straight profile, body not very rounded on account of relatively slight muscular development, large head, eyes with irises of a pink-blue colour, short thin neck, not very pronounced withers, straight, average length dorsolumbar region, prominent angular rump higher than the withers, short chest, wide hind quarters, well developed abdomen, short sturdy limbs, light-coloured hooves. The somatometric measurements and the zoometric indexes show small-sized subjects with a hardy bone structure, of compact build with morphological homogeneity between the sexes. The donkeys are of the mesomorph type, more developed lengthwise than in height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Pinna
- Istituto di Produzioni Animali, Università di Sassari
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bini PP, Floris B, Vacca GM, Nuvole P. [Hematochemical parameters in calves before, during and after weaning to a regular diet]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1989; 65:61-8. [PMID: 2757820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Authors studied the changes of 17 blood parameters of calves before, during and after a traditional weaning. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and phosphorus were determined by an automated assay system; sodium, potassium and chloride by a flame photometer; calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Observed changes can be referred to: 1) the change of the digestion (glucose); 2) the age of the subjects (alkaline phosphatase); 3) the increase of weight (creatinine); 4) the type of feeding (phosphorus, copper and zinc). Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium did not change during the weaning.
Collapse
|