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Kambayashi S, Ono N, Tone T, Baba K, Okuda M. Plasma cell-free DNA in canine lymphoma patients as a novel material for genotyping. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:303-309. [PMID: 38287199 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Canine lymphoma is a disease with high morbidity and poor long-term prognosis, despite a high response rate to chemotherapy. In this study, we focused on liquid biopsy, in which small amounts of substances from body fluids were analysed, to determine whether cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the plasma can be used as a biomarker for lymphoma in dogs. We found that 23 patients with lymphoma had significantly higher cfDNA concentrations than the 12 healthy dogs (median 2360 ng/mL versus 299 ng/mL, p < .0001). Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) was also employed using cfDNA from the lymphoma group to investigate whether cfDNA could be used for the detection of genetic clonality of lymphomas, as well as the genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from an original lesion in each case. The correlation of the PARR results between cfDNA and gDNA was observed in 100% of B-cell lymphomas (10/10), 77.8% of T-cell lymphomas (7/9), and 100% of other types of lymphomas (4/4), respectively. These results indicate that plasma cfDNA levels are increasing in canine lymphoma patients, that cfDNA concentration can be a novel diagnostic tool, and that it can be used as a diagnostic tool for PARR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kambayashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nanae Ono
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tone
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kenji Baba
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masaru Okuda
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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2
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Teoh YB, Ishizaki T, Kagawa Y, Yokoyama S, Jelinek J, Matsumoto Y, Tomiyasu H, Tsujimoto H, Takiguchi M, Yamazaki J. Use of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis to identify prognostic CpG site markers associated with longer survival time in dogs with multicentric high-grade B-cell lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:316-325. [PMID: 38115210 PMCID: PMC10800228 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation analysis might identify prognostic CpG sites in CHOP-treated dogs with multicentric high-grade B-cell lymphoma (MHGL) with heterogenous prognosis. OBJECTIVE To identify prognostic CpG sites of MHGL through genome-wide DNA methylation analysis with pyrosequencing validation. ANIMALS Test group: 24 dogs. Validation group: 100 dogs. All client-owned dogs were diagnosed with MHGL and treated with CHOP chemotherapy. METHODS Cohort study. DNA was extracted from lymph node samples obtained via FNA. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using Digital Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Methylation (DREAM) was performed on the test group to identify differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs). Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to measure methylation status of candidate DMCs in the validation group. Median survival times (MST) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (log-rank) product limit method. RESULTS DREAM analyzed 101 576 CpG sites. Hierarchical clustering of 16 262 CpG sites in test group identified group with better prognosis (MST = 55-477 days vs 10-301 days, P = .007). Volcano plot identified 1371 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs). DMC near the genes of FAM213A (DMC-F) and PHLPP1 (DMC-P) were selected as candidates. Bisulfite-pyrosequencing performed on validation group showed group with methylation level of DMC-F < 40% had favorable prognosis (MST = 11-1072 days vs 8-1792 days, P = .01), whereas group with the methylation level combination of DMC-F < 40% plus DMC-P < 10% had excellent prognosis (MST = 18-1072 days vs 8-1792 days, P = .009). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Methylation status of prognostic CpG sites delineate canine MGHL cases with longer MST, providing owners with information on expectations of potential improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bin Teoh
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | | | | | - Shoko Yokoyama
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center (JARMeC)KawasakiKanagawaJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
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3
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Takanosu M, Kagawa Y. A clonality assay in canine B cell tumors targeting the immunoglobulin light chain lambda locus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 253:110498. [PMID: 36191469 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Clonality assays for antigen receptor rearrangement have been used as adjunct examinations of lymphoproliferative diseases. These assays have been useful for differentiation between inflammation and clonal expansion of lymphocytes. Whereas the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) and immunoglobulin light chain kappa (IGK) loci have been targeted in canine clonality assays previously, the immunoglobulin light chain lambda gene (IGL) locus has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of clonality assays in dogs using IGL. Canine diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), cutaneous plasmacytomas, and pathologically diagnosed lymph nodes without lymphoma, were used in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections. Sequences of IGLV and IGLJ were obtained from the ImMunoGeneTics database. Several primers against IGLVs and IGLJs were designed in the regions showing homology, by alignment of the gene segments. Products of polymerase chain reaction were analyzed on a capillary electrophoresis. In total, 20 of 23 cases of DLBCL showed clonality (87.0 %), whereas 8 of 30 cutaneous plasmacytomas were clonal (26.7 %). One of 23 lymph nodes without lymphoma showed clonality, thus the specificity was 95.7 %. These data indicate that the IGL locus could be a target for canine clonality assays and that the sensitivity of IGL-based clonality assays in cutaneous plasmacytomas was lower than that in DLBCL.
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4
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Pietra M, Galiazzo G, Bresciani F, Morini M, Licarini S, Turba ME, Amaducci G, Bettini G, Fracassi F, Ostanello F. Evaluation of Prognostic Factors, including Duodenal P-Glycoprotein Expression, in Canine Chronic Enteropathy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082315. [PMID: 34438774 PMCID: PMC8388466 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to evaluate which factors, including expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane-bound protein involved in multiple drug resistance, could predict the response to treatment in canine immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE). Dogs with IRE or non-responsive enteropathy (NRE) that were examined from 2005 to 2014 were included and were divided into two groups (IRE vs. NRE). Signalment, history, and clinical and laboratory findings were collected. P-glycoprotein immunohistochemistry was carried out on duodenal biopsies of both groups stored in our biobank, and immunophenotyping and molecular clonality were performed on the NRE samples. Ninety-two dogs were enrolled, 73 IRE (79.3%) and 19 NRE (20.7%), with a prevalence of pure breed (78.3% vs. 21.7%) and male dogs (p < 0.001). Factors associated with a worse prognosis were previous treatment with steroids (p = 0.033) and lower serum total protein concentration (p = 0.005). Clonality testing on the NRE duodenal biopsies showed 5/16 clonal responses, assuming a latent undiagnosed lymphoma as a possible cause of the NRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.); (G.B.); (F.F.); (F.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Galiazzo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.); (G.B.); (F.F.); (F.O.)
| | | | - Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.); (G.B.); (F.F.); (F.O.)
| | | | | | | | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.); (G.B.); (F.F.); (F.O.)
| | - Federico Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.); (G.B.); (F.F.); (F.O.)
| | - Fabio Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.); (G.B.); (F.F.); (F.O.)
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5
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Prouteau A, Denis JA, De Fornel P, Cadieu E, Derrien T, Kergal C, Botherel N, Ulvé R, Rault M, Bouzidi A, François R, Dorso L, Lespagnol A, Devauchelle P, Abadie J, André C, Hédan B. Circulating tumor DNA is detectable in canine histiocytic sarcoma, oral malignant melanoma, and multicentric lymphoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:877. [PMID: 33441840 PMCID: PMC7806858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become an attractive biomarker in human oncology, and its use may be informative in canine cancer. Thus, we used droplet digital PCR or PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement, to explore tumor-specific point mutations, copy number alterations, and chromosomal rearrangements in the plasma of cancer-affected dogs. We detected ctDNA in 21/23 (91.3%) of histiocytic sarcoma (HS), 2/8 (25%) of oral melanoma, and 12/13 (92.3%) of lymphoma cases. The utility of ctDNA in diagnosing HS was explored in 133 dogs, including 49 with HS, and the screening of recurrent PTPN11 mutations in plasma had a specificity of 98.8% and a sensitivity between 42.8 and 77% according to the clinical presentation of HS. Sensitivity was greater in visceral forms and especially related to pulmonary location. Follow-up of four dogs by targeting lymphoma-specific antigen receptor rearrangement in plasma showed that minimal residual disease detection was concordant with clinical evaluation and treatment response. Thus, our study shows that ctDNA is detectable in the plasma of cancer-affected dogs and is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and clinical follow-up. ctDNA detection appears to be useful in comparative oncology research due to growing interest in the study of natural canine tumors and exploration of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Prouteau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Alexandre Denis
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 938, Endocrinology and Oncology Biochemistry Department, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Edouard Cadieu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Derrien
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Camille Kergal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Botherel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Ulvé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Rault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Laetitia Dorso
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Oniris, Laboniris, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Lespagnol
- Laboratory of Somatic Genetic of Cancers, Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Jérôme Abadie
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Oniris, Laboniris, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine André
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Benoît Hédan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France.
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6
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Dagher E, Soetart N, Chocteau F, Dequéant B, Piccirillo E, Ibisch C, Abadie J, Jaillardon L. Plasma cell leukemia with plasmablastic morphology in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:868-874. [PMID: 31609183 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719882045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-y-old female Golden Retriever was presented with a 2-wk history of hyporexia, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. Clinical examination and ultrasonography revealed multiple organ enlargement with gallbladder and kidney nodules suggestive of disseminated neoplasia. Hematologic and biochemical analyses revealed pancytopenia, hypercalcemia, and monoclonal IgA gammopathy suspicious for a plasma cell neoplasm. Bone marrow and blood smear examination revealed neoplastic atypical cells highly suggestive of lymphoid origin. Autopsy confirmed the presence of homogeneous white masses and multifocal pale infiltrates in the spleen, kidney, small intestine, gallbladder, and urinary tract. Histologic features were consistent with a multicentric atypical plasma cell tumor. Tumor cells were negative for CD204, IBA-1, E-cadherin, CD3, CD5, CD79a, CD20, and PAX5, and positive for MUM1, consistent with plasma cell origin. The presence of > 20% of circulating blastic plasma cells was consistent with primary plasma cell leukemia with plasmablastic morphology, a disease rarely described in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Dagher
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Soetart
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Florian Chocteau
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Bérengère Dequéant
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Esther Piccirillo
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Ibisch
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Laëtitia Jaillardon
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences (Piccirillo, Ibisch), Nantes, France.,École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
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7
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Ehrhart EJ, Wong S, Richter K, Zismann V, Grimes C, Hendricks W, Khanna C. Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement: Benchmarking performance of a lymphoid clonality assay in diverse canine sample types. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1392-1402. [PMID: 30939225 PMCID: PMC6524097 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) is a molecular diagnostic tool used for discrimination of lymphoid malignancies in dogs from benign processes. Assay variations have been described and are commercially available, but performance metrics are not uniformly reported. Objectives To describe performance (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity) and rigorous benchmarking of a PARR protocol (ePARR) in clinically relevant samples. Animals One hundred eighty‐one client‐owned dogs. Methods Lymphoma and benign tissues representative of the clinical spectrum with gold standard histopathologic and immunohistochemical diagnoses were collected. Assay development and benchmarking were performed on fresh frozen (FF) tissue, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue, flow cytometry pellets, and air‐dried fine‐needle aspirates (FNA). Assay performance was determined for FFPE from 56 dogs (18 B‐cell lymphoma, 24 T‐cell lymphoma, and 14 non‐lymphoma), 80 frozen flow cytometry pellets (66 B‐cell lymphoma, 14 T‐cell lymphoma, 0 non‐lymphoma), and 41 air‐dried FNA slides (23 lymphoma, 18 non‐lymphoma). Results For discrimination of lymphoma versus non‐lymphoma, ePARR had 92% and 92% sensitivity and specificity on FFPE with 92% accuracy, 85% sensitivity from flow cytometry pellets (non‐lymphoma was not evaluated to calculate specificity) with 85% accuracy, and 100% and 100% sensitivity and specificity for FNA with 100% accuracy. Stringent quality control criteria decreased assay success rate without significant performance improvement. Performance metrics were lower in most cases for discrimination of B‐ or T‐cell versus non‐B‐ or non‐T‐cell samples than for lymphoma versus non‐lymphoma. Conclusions and Clinical Importance These benchmarking data facilitate effective interpretation and application of PARR assays in multiple sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ehrhart
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, California.,Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Shukmei Wong
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Keith Richter
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, California.,Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Zismann
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Carolyn Grimes
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, California.,Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - William Hendricks
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Chand Khanna
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, California.,Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts
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8
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Hwang MH, Darzentas N, Bienzle D, Moore PF, Guscetti F, Morrison J, Keller SM. A review of canine B cell clonality assays and primer set optimization using large-scale repertoire data. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 209:45-52. [PMID: 30885305 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several molecular clonality assays have been developed to assess canine B cell proliferations. These assays were based on different sequence data, utilized different assay designs and employed different testing strategies. This has resulted in a complex body of literature and complicates evidence-based selection of primer sets. In addition, further refinement of primer sets is difficult because it is unknown how well current primer sets cover the expressed sequence repertoire. The objectives of this study were 1) to provide an overview of published IGH clonality assays that highlights key differences in assay design and testing strategy and 2) to propose a novel method for optimizing primer sets that leverages large-scale sequencing data. A review of previously published assays highlighted confounding factors that hamper a direct comparison of performance metrics between studies. These findings illustrate the need for a multi-institutional effort to harmonize veterinary clonality testing. A novel in silico analysis of primer sequences using a large dataset of expressed sequences identified shortfalls of existing primer sets and was used to guide primer optimization. Three optimized primer sets were tested and yielded qualitative sensitivity values between 80-90%. The qualitative sensitivity ranged from 1% to over 50% and was dependent on the size of the neoplastic clone and the sample DNA used. These findings illustrate that inclusion of high-throughput sequencing data for primer design can be a useful tool to guide primer design and optimization. This strategy could be applied to other antigen receptor loci or species to further improve veterinary clonality assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Hwang
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikos Darzentas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jodi Morrison
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan M Keller
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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10
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Takanosu M, Okada K, Kagawa Y. PCR-based clonality analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements in canine cutaneous plasmacytoma. Vet J 2018; 241:31-37. [PMID: 30340657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytomas are discrete, B cell-derived, round cell tumours that sometimes are difficult to distinguish from canine cutaneous histiocytomas or T cell lymphosarcomas (lymphomas). Diagnosis of plasmacytomas relies on morphological observations and immunohistochemistry for multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM-1) and cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3). Clonality testing often is used as an adjunct diagnostic tool to examine lymphoproliferative diseases. In this study, the sensitivity of PCR-based clonality analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements in canine cutaneous plasmacytomas was determined. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 29 canine plasmacytomas, 23 diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) and 23 lymph nodes without lymphoma were used for clonality analysis. New oligonucleotide primers for the framework (FR)2 and FR3 regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) V gene subgroup 3 were designed and used with previously reported FR3 primers. Although plasma cells are of B cell lineage, the detected frequency of IGH clonality in plasmacytoma was 0-34.5% with the seven primers used, whereas in DLBCLs it was 8.7-78.3%. In 23 lymph nodes without lymphoma, IGH clonality was detected in only one case with two out of the seven primers used. Sequence analysis of PCR products from plasmacytomas revealed mismatches in the annealing region of the FR3 primers. The sensitivity of detecting IGH clonality in canine plasmacytomas was lower than in DLBCLs. The low detection rate of IGH clonality in canine plasmacytoma may be due to somatic hypermutation of the variable region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takanosu
- Nasunogahara Animal Clinic, 2-3574-98, Asaka, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-0043, Japan.
| | - K Okada
- North Lab, 2-8-35, Hondori, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Y Kagawa
- North Lab, 2-8-35, Hondori, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
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11
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Hwang MH, Darzentas N, Bienzle D, Moore PF, Morrison J, Keller SM. Characterization of the canine immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire by next generation sequencing. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:181-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Sato M, Mochizuki H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Takahashi M, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Prognostic significance of hypermethylation of death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) gene CpG island in dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sato
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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13
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Identification of an Atypical Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Japan by Using a Novel Classification of Bovine Leukemia Based on Immunophenotypic Analysis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00067-17. [PMID: 28659325 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00067-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia is classified into two types: enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL). EBL is caused by infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which induces persistent lymphocytosis and B-cell lymphoma in cattle after a long latent period. Although it has been demonstrated that BLV-associated lymphoma occurs predominantly in adult cattle of >3 to 5 years, suspicious cases of EBL onset in juvenile cattle were recently reported in Japan. To investigate the current status of bovine leukemia in Japan, we performed immunophenotypic analysis of samples from 50 cattle that were clinically diagnosed as having bovine leukemia. We classified the samples into five groups on the basis of the analysis and found two different types of EBL: classic EBL (cEBL), which has the familiar phenotype commonly known as EBL, and polyclonal EBL (pEBL), which exhibited neoplastic proliferation of polyclonal B cells. Moreover, there were several atypical EBL cases even in cEBL, including an early onset of EBL in juvenile cattle. A comparison of the cell marker expressions among cEBL, pEBL, and B-cell-type SBL (B-SBL) revealed characteristic patterns in B-cell leukemia, and these patterns could be clearly differentiated from those of healthy phenotypes, whereas it was difficult to discriminate between cEBL, pEBL, and B-SBL only by the expression patterns of cell markers. This study identified novel characteristics of bovine leukemia that should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying tumor development in BLV infection.
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Nowosh V, Macieira D, Alencar N. Applicability of PCR-based clonality assay in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nowosh
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
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15
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Optimisation and validation of a PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) assay to detect clonality in canine lymphoid malignancies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:115-124. [PMID: 27863542 PMCID: PMC5119497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Ten primer sets detected clonality with high specificity and sensitivity. Four extra primer sets may detect clonality in samples with equivocal results. Knowledge of sample quality is needed for interpretation of results. Samples generating dominant peaks require careful interpretation.
PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements (PARR) analysis is being increasingly used to assist diagnosis of canine lymphoma. In this study, PARR was carried out on consecutive samples received as part of routine diagnostic practice from 271 patients: 195 with lymphoid malignancies, 53 with reactive conditions and 23 with other neoplasms. Initially, published primer sets were used but later minor primer modifications were introduced and primers were rationalised to give a PARR panel that provides a good compromise between sensitivity and cost. Results were compared to diagnoses made by histology or cytology, coupled with immunophenotyping by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry where possible. After exclusion of 11 poor quality samples, 230/260 (88%) gave a clear result with 162/163 (99%) of samples classified as clonal and 56/67 (84%) classified as polyclonal giving results concordant with the cytological/histological diagnosis. Among 30 samples with equivocal results, 21 had clonal peaks in a polyclonal background and nine showed little amplification. These were from patients with a range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions emphasising the need to interpret such results carefully in concert with other diagnostic tests. The combination of primer sets used in this study resulted in a robust, highly specific and sensitive assay for detecting clonality.
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16
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Sato M, Yamazaki J, Goto-Koshino Y, Setoguchi A, Takahashi M, Baba K, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Minimal residual disease in canine lymphoma: An objective marker to assess tumour cell burden in remission. Vet J 2016; 215:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Sawa M, Yabuki A, Setoguchi A, Yamato O. Development and application of multiple immunofluorescence staining for diagnostic cytology of canine and feline lymphoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:580-5. [PMID: 26642188 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunophenotyping of canine and feline lymphoma to determine B-cell or T-cell origin is important for predicting prognosis and for development of treatment protocols. For advanced diagnostic cytology tests that can be performed on smears are required to predict the immunophenotype of lymphomas. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a multiple immunofluorescence (MIF) staining method for the determination of lymphocyte immunophenotype in cytologic specimens, and to evaluate its clinical utility. METHODS B cells and T cells were detected using anti-CD79α and anti-CD3 antibodies, respectively, followed by specific fluorescence-labeled secondary antibodies. The MIF staining method was first developed using fresh-frozen sections of normal canine lymph nodes. The optimal fixative, the necessity of antigen retrieval (AR), and the optimal concentration of the antibodies were determined. The MIF method was then applied to smears of normal lymph nodes, and to clinical samples from dogs and cats with lymphoma. The MIF results were compared to genetic clonality results. RESULTS B and T cells were detected based on specific fluorescence in frozen sections, using formalin fixation without AR. Specific fluorescence was also detected in smears from normal lymph nodes and lymphomas, and the immunophenotypes predicted from this MIF staining method completely corresponded to those from genetic clonality analysis. CONCLUSIONS The MIF staining method that we developed in this study effectively distinguished lymphocyte immunophenotypes with high specificity and sensitivity using a single smear sample, and was useful as a diagnostic tool for canine and feline lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Asuka Setoguchi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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18
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Takanosu M, Kagawa Y. Comparison of primer sets for T-cell clonality testing in canine intestinal lymphoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:645-50. [PMID: 26319600 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715600197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonality testing based on polymerase chain reaction is an important tool for diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases. Many primers have been designed and used for canine clonality testing. Canine intestinal lymphoma is usually diagnosed pathologically by examination of excised intestinal or endoscopic biopsy tissues, and clonality testing is sometimes used to support the pathological diagnosis if this examination is inconclusive. In the present study, the sensitivity of each previously published primer set for clonality testing was examined by using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 39 cases pathologically diagnosed as canine intestinal lymphoma (large-cell type). All 39 cases were immunohistochemically positive for cluster of differentiation (CD)3. Thirty-two out of the 39 cases showed clonality in the T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) with at least 1 of the tested primers. The primer set with the highest sensitivity detected all 32 cases with TRG clonality, with a sensitivity of 82.1%. These results provide useful evidence for the selection of primer sets for clonality testing of canine intestinal lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamine Takanosu
- Nasunogahara Animal Clinic, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan (Takanosu)North Lab, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan (Kagawa)
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- Nasunogahara Animal Clinic, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan (Takanosu)North Lab, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan (Kagawa)
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19
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Goto-Koshino Y, Mochizuki H, Sato M, Nakashima K, Hiyoshi S, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Maeda S, Nakamura K, Uchida K, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Construction of a multicolor GeneScan analytical system to detect clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes in canine lymphoid tumors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 165:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease in the early phases of chemotherapy in dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Vet J 2013; 195:319-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Avery AC. Molecular Diagnostics of Hematologic Malignancies in Small Animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012; 42:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Olivero D, Turba ME, Gentilini F. Reduced diversity of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Seiser EL, Thomas R, Richards KL, Kelley MK, Moore P, Suter SE, Breen M. Reading between the lines: molecular characterization of five widely used canine lymphoid tumour cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 11:30-50. [PMID: 22236332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of tumour cell lines is increasingly regarded as a prerequisite for defining their validity as models of in vivo neoplasia. We present the first comprehensive catalogue of genomic and transcriptional characteristics of five widely used canine lymphoid tumour cell lines. High-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization defined their unique profiles of genomic DNA copy number imbalance. Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization identified aberrant gains of MYC, KIT and FLT3 and deletions of PTEN and CDKN2 in individual cell lines, and also revealed examples of extensive structural chromosome reorganization. Gene expression profiling and RT-PCR analyses defined the relationship between genomic imbalance and transcriptional dysregulation in each cell line, clarifying their relevance as models of discrete functional pathways with biological and therapeutic significance. In combination, these data provide an extensive resource of molecular data for directing the appropriate use of these cell lines as tools for studying canine lymphoid neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Seiser
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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25
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Sato M, Yamazaki J, Goto-Koshino Y, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Increase in Minimal Residual Disease in Peripheral Blood before Clinical Relapse in Dogs with Lymphoma that Achieved Complete Remission after Chemotherapy. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:292-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Sato M, Yamazaki J, Goto-Koshino Y, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Evaluation of Cytoreductive Efficacy of Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, and Doxorubicin in Dogs with Lymphoma by Measuring the Number of Neoplastic Lymphoid Cells with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:285-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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27
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Evaluation of the prognostic significance of BCL6 gene expression in canine high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Vet J 2011; 191:108-14. [PMID: 21277811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The clinical usefulness of BCL6 gene expression was evaluated as a prognostic indicator in dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Forty-four dogs were diagnosed with centroblastic or B-cell immunoblastic type lymphoma according to the updated Kiel classification. BCL6 mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR and its relationship with prognosis was analyzed. Progression-free and overall survival was not significantly different between the high BCL6 expression group (higher than the median) and the low BCL6 expression group (lower than the median) (P=0.99 and P=0.61, respectively). No correlation between BCL6 and prognosis was observed in this study, which is inconsistent with findings reported for human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BCL6 protein expression was not detected in the 11 dogs evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, BCL6 protein expression was assessed in 13 archived paraffin-embedded high-grade canine lymphoma tissues and all were also negative. The results suggest that most canine high-grade B-cell lymphomas correspond to human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with no immunohistochemical expression of BCL6.
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28
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Vail DM, Michels GM, Khanna C, Selting KA, London CA. Response evaluation criteria for peripheral nodal lymphoma in dogs (v1.0)--a Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) consensus document. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 8:28-37. [PMID: 20230579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Standardized assessment of response to therapy for lymphoma in dogs is lacking, making critical comparisons of treatment protocols difficult. This Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) consensus document, based on the recommendations of a subcommittee of ACVIM board-certified veterinary oncologists, was unanimously adopted at the 29th Annual Conference of the Veterinary Cancer Society (VCS) by the VCOG membership. It has integrated guidance from the response assessment criteria established for lymphoma in human patients using standards available in routine veterinary oncology practices that are simple, repeatable and consistently applicable. These guidelines are intended only for use in dogs, where peripheral lymphadenopathy represents the principal component of their disease and as such do not critically assess extranodal disease (e.g., primary cutaneous, central nervous system, gastrointestinal). It is hoped these guidelines will be widely adopted and serve to facilitate the comparison of current and future treatment protocols used in the therapy of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Vail
- The School of Veterinary Medicine and The Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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29
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Yamazaki J, Takahashi M, Setoguchi A, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) after Multidrug Chemotherapy and Its Correlation to Outcome in Dogs with Lymphoma: A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:897-903. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Avery A. Molecular diagnostics of hematologic malignancies. Top Companion Anim Med 2009; 24:144-50. [PMID: 19732733 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies, particularly lymphoma and leukemia, are a diverse group of diseases with a myriad of different presentations. Although the diagnosis of these diseases can be straightforward, there are many cases in which the diagnosis is difficult to establish with conventional methods. Molecular diagnostic testing to identify oncogenes and clonal lymphocyte populations can aid in resolving ambiguous cases, and several of these tests are routinely available for canine patients. Sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based methods are also useful for answering a variety of research questions. Here, detection of mutations of the c-kit gene in mast cell tumors, the bcr-abl fusion gene in myelogenous leukemias, and clonality of lymphocyte populations for the diagnosis and monitoring of lymphoma and leukemia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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31
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Yagihara H, Uematsu Y, Koike A, Tamura K, Isotani M, Yamaguchi T, Ono K, Washizu T, Bonkobara M. Immunophenotyping and gene rearrangement analysis in dogs with lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by small-cell lymphocytosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:197-202. [PMID: 19286497 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytosis caused by neoplastic proliferation of small lymphocytes is occasionally difficult to distinguish by morphological examination from nonneoplastic lymphocytosis. To examine the clinical utility of gene rearrangement analysis for demonstrating neoplastic proliferation of small lymphocytes, gene rearrangement analysis was performed in comparison with immunophenotyping using peripheral lymphocytes in dogs with small lymphocytosis. Thirty-one dogs with small-cell lymphocytosis (8,100-884,300/microl) were enrolled. By immunophenotyping, lymphocytosis of all dogs was suggested to be neoplastic in nature based on the detection of marked expansion of phenotypically homogeneous lymphocytes or the presence of an aberrant antigen-expressing population of lymphocytes. In contrast, gene rearrangement analysis represented clonality in 27 dogs (detection rate of 87%). From the present study, gene rearrangement analysis was considered to be worthwhile to strengthen the evidence of neoplastic proliferation of small lymphocytes when coupled with immunophenotyping and to be a suitable diagnostic substitute if immunophenotyping is not available in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yagihara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Gentilini F, Calzolari C, Turba ME, Bettini G, Famigli-Bergamini P. GeneScanning analysis of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements to detect clonality in canine lymphomas. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 127:47-56. [PMID: 18963006 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of canine lymphoma is achieved using morphological and immunological methods. In a certain percentage of cases, difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders may occur despite extensive immunophenotyping. Therefore, additional diagnostics, such as molecular assessment of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements clonality, may confirm the final diagnosis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and heteroduplex analysis have already been proven to be suitable for detecting clonality but are cumbersome and labor-intensive. In the present study, GeneScanning analysis of PCR products originating from different primer sets targeting different regions of Ig and TCR was validated in improving sensitivity as well as in reducing the turnaround time of gene rearrangement assays. GeneScanning exploits 5' fluorescently labelled primers for the automated and fast analysis of PCR products either as singleplex or multiplex runs. Initially, the assay was set up using DNA purified from normal tissues (n=6), hyperplastic/reactive tissues (n=10) and a small set of immunophenotyped lymphoma samples (n=12). The optimized methods were then used in a large set of 96 canine lymphoma samples. Normal and hyperplastic/reactive lymphoid tissues showed typically polyclonal or, occasionally, oligoclonal PCR products. Lymphoma samples showed monoclonal peaks arranged as a single or, occasionally, a double narrow base peak sometimes embedded in a polyclonal background. In all immunophenotyped cases, an Ig or TCR clonal finding corresponded to B- and T-cell lymphomas, respectively. Overall, 94/96 (97.9%) samples showed clonal Ig/TCR clonal rearrangements among which clonal Ig was found in 61/96 (63.5%) of samples and clonal TCR in 33/35 Ig negative samples (34.4% of all cases). In one out of ten randomly chosen cases, both Ig and TCR clonal gene rearrangements were found. Among the factors affecting assay accuracy, DNA quality has been shown to be critical and the amplification of DNA controls of different size are recommended to evaluate DNA integrity. Frozen material such as that which remained inside the hub of the needle used for diagnostic procedures is optimal for the analysis herein described. In conclusion, GeneScanning represents a versatile tool for routinely assessing Ig/TCR clonal rearrangements and supporting the diagnostic protocol of canine lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gentilini
- Veterinary Clinical Department, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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33
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Jeon S, Lee MJ, Park J, Kang SH. Fast molecular diagnostics of canine T-cell lymphoma by PCR and capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detector. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:268-72. [PMID: 17543593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor in dogs and manifests as a proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells primarily affecting the lymph nodes or solid visceral organs. We describe the use of capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to rapidly detect a disorder of the canine T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene. After the PCR amplification of the specific TCR( gene in dogs, the 90-bp DNA fragment amplified was separated in a fused-silica capillary by CGE-LIF. Under an electric field of 375 V/cm and with a sieving matrix of 1.5% poly (ethyleneoxide) (M(r) 600,000), the amplified PCR products were analyzed within 4 min by CGE separation. When the CGE-LIF method was applied to real clinical samples of the specific DNA fragment of the TCR( gene, the migration time and the corrected peak area showed relative standard deviations (n=5) of 0.29% and 0.58%, respectively. Both methods of CGE-LIF and slab gel electrophoresis showed same results for nine clinical samples. This PCR/CGE-LIF technique may prove to be a new fast and simple tool for the rapid diagnosis of the PCR-amplified DNA of canine T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonsook Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry (RINPAC), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
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34
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Bonkobara M, Saito T, Yamashita M, Tamura K, Yagihara H, Isotani M, Sato T, Washizu T. Blastic natural killer cell leukaemia in a dog--a case report. Vet J 2006; 174:659-62. [PMID: 17113799 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A case of canine non-T, non-B lymphoid leukaemia was determined to be of natural killer (NK) cell lineage by detecting specific expression of canine CD56 mRNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Although NK cells are usually considered to be morphologically large granular lymphocytes, the malignant NK cells in this case were agranular and blast-like, resembling human blastic NK cell leukaemia. The prognosis of human NK cell leukaemia is usually poor. In this case, the dog died 10 days after initial presentation, despite chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Bonkobara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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35
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Yagihara H, Tamura K, Isotani M, Ono K, Washizu T, Bonkobara M. Genomic organization of the T-cell receptor gamma gene and PCR detection of its clonal rearrangement in canine T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 115:375-82. [PMID: 17166595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because the T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene is rearranged at an early stage of T-cell development in both TCRalphabeta and TCRgammadelta lineages, it has been preferentially targeted to detect T-cell clonality in human lymphoma/leukemia. We isolated 22 independent cDNA clones encoding canine TCRgamma and the following analysis of nucleotide sequences using the dog genome database revealed that the canine TCRgamma locus contains at least four repertories of variable genes that can be organized into two distinct subgroups and six repertories of joining genes belonging to two distinct subgroups according to the nucleotide sequence similarity. The findings allowed us to design PCR primers that were directed to the conserved or specific nucleotide sequences for each subgroup of variable and joining genes. By using four different combinations of primers, a PCR-based analysis was performed on cell samples collected from T-cell lymphoma/leukemia and B-cell lymphoma cases and hyperplastic and normal lymph nodes. All cell samples from 11 T-cell malignancy cases exhibited clonal amplification by two out of four primer combinations. This finding was considered to be valuable in PCR-based analysis for detecting T-cell clonality in canine lymphoma/leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yagihara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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