1
|
Soboleva AS, Alekseeva GS, Erofeeva MN, Klyuchnikova PS, Sorokin PA, Naidenko SV. Leukocytes count and profile during early postnatal ontogenesis in domestic cat: Effect of litter size and multiple paternity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:637-648. [PMID: 34293237 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since blood cells count is the most important indicator of animals' physiological status, we investigated the effects of age, litter size, and multiple paternity on the total number of white blood cells, the number of their individual types (lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes), and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in domestic cat during early postnatal ontogenesis. The study was conducted on kittens living in outdoor conditions, aged from birth to 6 months. The number of white blood cells was evaluated using a hemoanalyzer, the leukocyte formula and the proportion of cell types were determined manually from blood smears. Age significantly affected the number of leukocytes in the first 3 months of kittens' age. The number and proportion of neutrophils were the highest after birth and gradually decreased during the first month. Lymphocytes number, on the contrary, increased during this period. Monocytes and eosinophils increased in number in the first 2 months. The litter size affected the number of leukocytes and neutrophils in the first 2 months of life, their number being significantly higher in kittens from the small litters than from the large ones. In kittens from the litters with multiple paternity, the number of leukocytes and the proportion of neutrophils was higher than in litters from a single male. Thus, age, litter size and type of paternity may affect the hematological indices in domestic cats, which must be taken into account during the estimation of the health status of kittens in domestic and wild cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena S Soboleva
- Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina S Alekseeva
- Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya N Erofeeva
- Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina S Klyuchnikova
- Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Sorokin
- Inter-Laboratory Facility of Molecular Diagnostics, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Naidenko
- Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jackson CM, Mukherjee S, Wilburn AN, Cates C, Lewkowich IP, Deshmukh H, Zacharias WJ, Chougnet CA. Pulmonary Consequences of Prenatal Inflammatory Exposures: Clinical Perspective and Review of Basic Immunological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1285. [PMID: 32636848 PMCID: PMC7318112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis, a potentially serious inflammatory complication of pregnancy, is associated with the development of an inflammatory milieu within the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. When chorioamnionitis occurs, the fetal lung finds itself in the unique position of being constantly exposed to the consequent inflammatory meditators and/or microbial products found in the amniotic fluid. This exposure results in significant changes to the fetal lung, such as increased leukocyte infiltration, altered cytokine, and surfactant production, and diminished alveolarization. These alterations can have potentially lasting impacts on lung development and function. However, studies to date have only begun to elucidate the association between such inflammatory exposures and lifelong consequences such as lung dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of and fetal immune response to chorioamnionitis, detail the consequences of chorioamnionitis exposure on the developing fetal lung, highlighting the various animal models that have contributed to our current understanding and discuss the importance of fetal exposures in regard to the development of chronic respiratory disease. Finally, we focus on the clinical, basic, and therapeutic challenges in fetal inflammatory injury to the lung, and propose next steps and future directions to improve our therapeutic understanding of this important perinatal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Jackson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shibabrata Mukherjee
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Adrienne N. Wilburn
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chris Cates
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Claire A. Chougnet
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Early deviations in performance, metabolic and immunological indicators affect stayability in rabbit females. Animal 2019; 14:780-789. [PMID: 31647052 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to find several early factors affecting stayability in rabbit females. To reach this goal, 203 females were used from their first artificial insemination to their sixth parturition. Throughout that period, 48 traits were recorded, considered to be performance, metabolic and immunological indicators. These traits were initially recorded in females' first reproductive cycle. Later, removed females due to death or culling and those that were non-removed were identified. A first analysis was used to explore whether it was possible to classify females between those reaching and those not reaching up to the mean lifespan of a rabbit female (the fifth reproductive) cycle using information from the first reproductive cycle. The analysis results showed that 97% of the non-removed females were classified correctly, whereas only 60% of the removed females were classified as animals to be removed. The reason for this difference lies in the model's characteristics, which was designed using early traits and was able to classify only the cases in which females would be removed due to performance, metabolic or immunologic imbalances in their early lives. Our results suggest that the model defines the necessary conditions, but not the sufficient ones, for females to remain alive in the herd. The aim of a second analysis was to find out the main early differences between the non-removed and removed females. The live weights records taken in the first cycle indicated that the females removed in their first cycle were lighter, while those removed in their second cycle were heavier with longer stayability (-203 and +202 g on average, respectively; P < 0.05). Non-removed females showed higher glucose and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the first cycle than the removed females (+4.8 and -10.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). The average lymphocytes B counts in the first cycle were 22.7% higher in the non-removed females group (P < 0.05). The females removed in the first reproductive cycle presented a higher granulocytes/lymphocytes ratio in this cycle than those that at least reached the second cycle (4.81 v. 1.66; P < 0.001). Consequently, non-removed females at sixth parturition offered adequate body development and energy levels, less immunological stress and a more mature immune function in the first reproductive cycle. The females that deviated from this pattern were at higher risk of being removed from the herd.
Collapse
|
4
|
Skaggs H, Chellman GJ, Collinge M, Enright B, Fuller CL, Krayer J, Sivaraman L, Weinbauer GF. Comparison of immune system development in nonclinical species and humans: Closing information gaps for immunotoxicity testing and human translatability. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:178-188. [PMID: 31233776 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Skaggs
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA.
| | | | - M Collinge
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - C L Fuller
- Merck and Co., Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, West Point, PA, USA
| | - J Krayer
- Janssen Research & Development, Nonclinical Safety, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - L Sivaraman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Research & Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - G F Weinbauer
- Covance Preclinical Services GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lai Y, Li Y, Cao H, Long J, Wang X, Li L, Li C, Jia Q, Teng B, Tang T, Peng J, Eglin D, Alini M, Grijpma DW, Richards G, Qin L. Osteogenic magnesium incorporated into PLGA/TCP porous scaffold by 3D printing for repairing challenging bone defect. Biomaterials 2019; 197:207-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
6
|
Laparoscopic transplantation of metanephroi: A first step to kidney xenotransplantation. Actas Urol Esp 2015; 39:527-34. [PMID: 26049735 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic kidney xenotransplantation could represent a new solution to the scarcity of kidneys for transplantation. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of allogeneic laparoscopic transplantation of metanephroi (M) in rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHOD Microscopic dissection was conducted to obtain metanephroi from 14-day-old (24M), 15-day-old (20M) and 16-day-old (26M) embryos. Using single-port abdominal laparoscopy, a spinal needle was inserted percutaneously, through which the metanephroi were deposited (using an epidural catheter) close to a patent blood vessel in the retroperitoneal fat. Seventy metanephroi were transplanted to 18 rabbits. Three weeks later, the animals were examined through open surgery. We compared the embryonic maturity, the morphometric variables of the metanephroi and the development rate of the transplanted metanephroi. RESULTS The lower time limit for the extraction of metanephroi from the rabbits was day 14. Three weeks after transplantation, only 3/24 14-day-old metanephroi grew at minimal expression (12.5%). In contrast, 10/20 (50%) 15-day-old and 12/26 (46.1%) 16-day-old metanephroi grew. These metanephroi had differentiated sufficiently for the glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts to develop normally. We detected no relevant immunological changes in the peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS We have described for the first time in the literature the allogeneic laparoscopic transplantation of metanephroi from embryos as a feasible and noninvasive technique. The recipients did not require immunosuppression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Exploratory assessment of CD4+ T lymphocytes in brown hares (Lepus europeus) using a cross-reactive anti-rabbit CD4 antibody. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 161:108-15. [PMID: 25042071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In lagomorphs, lymphocyte subset distributions and the importance of CD4(+) T cell levels has so far only been considered in the frame of rabbit disease models. In this study, the first assessment of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in peripheral blood cells in brown hares (Lepus europaeus L., 1758), a further leporid species using a cross-reactive rabbit anti-CD4 antibody in flow cytometry, is presented. In addition, the entire coding region of the hare CD4 gene (1380 bp) coding for a polypeptide of 459 amino acids has been sequenced. Using generalized least squares fitting by maximum likelihood (GLS) test, significantly (p=0.0095) higher CD4(+) T cell frequencies in males than in females and significantly (p=0.0001) higher frequencies for leverets (younger than 2 months of age) than for subadult and adult (older than 7 months of age) individuals were detected. No significant age influence, however, was found for subadult and adult hares. The study is particularly meant to provide a first step in establishing a toolbox for the assessment of the immune response in this leporid species.
Collapse
|
8
|
de Matos R, Russell D, Van Alstine W, Miller A. Spontaneous fatal Human herpesvirus 1 encephalitis in two domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:689-94. [PMID: 25085871 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714545111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the particular susceptibility of the rabbit to experimental infection with Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) and the high seroprevalence of HHV-1 in human beings, reports of natural infection in pet rabbits are rare. The current report describes 2 cases of HHV encephalitis in pet rabbits in North America. Antemortem clinical signs included seizures, ptyalism, and muscle tremors. Results of complete blood cell count and plasma biochemistry panel were unremarkable except for a mild leukocytosis in both cases. Both rabbits died after a short period of hospitalization. Rabbit 1 presented mild optic chiasm hemorrhage on gross examination, while rabbit 2 had no gross lesions. Histologic findings for both cases included lymphocytic and/or lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis with necrosis and the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in neurons and glial cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of affected brain tissue using primers specific for Human herpesvirus 1 and 2 confirmed diagnosis of HHV encephalitis for rabbit 1. Immunohistochemical staining (poly- and monoclonal) and PCR analysis using primers specific to HHV-1 confirmed the diagnosis of HHV-1 encephalitis for rabbit 2. The owner of rabbit 2 was suspected to be the source of infection due to close contact during an episode of herpes labialis. Given the high susceptibility of rabbits to experimental HHV-1, high seroprevalence of HHV-1 in human beings, and severity of clinical disease in this species, clinician awareness and client education is important for disease prevention. Human herpesvirus 1 encephalitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for rabbits with neurologic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Matos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Zoological Medicine (de Matos), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology (Miller), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (Van Alstine)Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (Russell)
| | - Duncan Russell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Zoological Medicine (de Matos), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology (Miller), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (Van Alstine)Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (Russell)
| | - William Van Alstine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Zoological Medicine (de Matos), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology (Miller), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (Van Alstine)Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (Russell)
| | - Andrew Miller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Zoological Medicine (de Matos), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology (Miller), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (Van Alstine)Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (Russell)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matiasovic J, Stepanova H, Kudlackova H, Havlickova H, Sisak F, Rychlik I, Chlebova K, Leva L, Osvaldova A, Gebauer J, Faldyna M. Immune response of pigs to Salmonella enterica serovar Derby and Typhimurium infections. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:284-90. [PMID: 24613290 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between pigs and Salmonella enterica serovar Derby (Salmonella Derby) is much less understood in comparison with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium). To study interactions of weaned piglets with Salmonella Derby, we compared the course of infections with Salmonella Derby De1 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 strains, both isolated from pig herds with a long history of asymptomatic infection. Salmonella Derby strain used was shed during the 28-day experiment period, while Salmonella Typhimurium strain was not found in faeces after day 17 post-infection. When the piglets were co-infected with both strains, Salmonella Derby was present in faeces until the end of the experiment, whilst Salmonella Typhimurium disappeared after day 21 post-infection. At the end of the experiment, Salmonella Derby was present in more tissues when compared with Salmonella Typhimurium. Piglets infected with Salmonella Typhimurium responded earlier with synthesis of anti-lipopolysaccharide IgM and IgG antibodies and with higher antibody levels compared to piglets infected with Salmonella Derby. Cellular immune response to both strains was very low and was detected later than was the onset of IgG antibody production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Matiasovic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Stepanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kudlackova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Havlickova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Sisak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chlebova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Leva
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Osvaldova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gebauer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu H, Weng B, Chen K, Chiou P, Yu B. Effect of dietary supplementation of β-1,3–1,6-glucan on reproductive performance and immunity of New Zealand White does and their pups. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups undergo a decrease in circulating white blood cells and the ability of T cells to proliferate during early postnatal development. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Müller K, Fuchs W, Heblinski N, Teifke JP, Brunnberg L, Gruber AD, Klopfleisch R. Encephalitis in a rabbit caused by human herpesvirus-1. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235:66-9. [PMID: 19566457 DOI: 10.2460/javma.235.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An 8-month-old sexually intact male rabbit was examined because of a 2-day history of anorexia, epiphora of the left eye, bruxism, hypersalivation, and ataxia. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination of the rabbit revealed bilateral conjunctivitis, hypersalivation, and severe signs of CNS dysfunction such as incoordination, intermittent myoclonic seizures, and opisthotonus. Results of hematologic and serum biochemical analyses revealed only lymphopenia, a relative monocytosis, and an increase in serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and serum concentration of total protein. Serum antibodies against Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii were not detected. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Despite IV administration of crystalloid fluids and treatment with antimicrobials, vitamin B complex, nutritional support, and prednisolone, the condition of the rabbit deteriorated; it was euthanized 7 days after admission. Histologic evaluation of brain tissue revealed lesions characteristic of severe, diffuse, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and a few large, eosinophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in neurons and glial cells. The DNA of human herpesvirus-1 was detected in the nuclei of glial cells, lymphocytes, and neurons by means of in situ hybridization. The rabbit's owner, who reported having had a severe labial and facial herpesvirus infection 5 days before the onset of clinical signs in the rabbit, was suspected to be the origin of infection for the rabbit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Human herpesvirus-1 may be transmissible from humans to rabbits, and infection with this virus should be considered as a differential diagnosis in rabbits with CNS signs of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeklova E, Leva L, Knotigova P, Faldyna M. Age-related changes in selected haematology parameters in rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:525-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
Jeklova E, Leva L, Matiasovic J, Kovarcik K, Kudlackova H, Nevorankova Z, Psikal I, Faldyna M. Characterisation of immunosuppression in rabbits after infection with myxoma virus. Vet Microbiol 2008; 129:117-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 11/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Jeklova E, Leva L, Jaglic Z, Faldyna M. Dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression: a rabbit model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 122:231-40. [PMID: 18199487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 10/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits are often used as animal models for experimental purposes; in many cases steroid-induced immunosuppression is necessary. The aim of this study was to characterise a model of immunosuppression in rabbits, based on changes in the lymphocyte subset distribution, changes in proliferative capacity of lymphocytes and activity of neutrophils 1, 3 and 7 days after the administration of 2mg/kg dexamethasone phosphate (DXP) three times at 6-h intervals. In peripheral blood, neutrophilia and lymphopenia together with eosinopenia, monocytopenia and basopenia in the absence of leukocytosis was detected. One day after DXP administration the absolute numbers of all lymphocyte subsets decreased in the blood, whereas in bone marrow, absolute numbers of all lymphocyte subsets increased significantly, except CD79alpha(+) cells that increased only in relative numbers. The effect of DXP on lymphocytes from the spleen, mesenteric and popliteal lymph nodes was less pronounced. In the thymus, DXP led to a marked reduction of the relative and absolute numbers of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes. The proliferative capacity of lymphocytes after concanavalin A stimulation was lower in the peripheral blood and spleen only on day 1, no changes were detected in lymph nodes or in bone marrow. A marked increase in proliferative capacity was detected in the thymus. Spontaneous production of reactive oxygen metabolites by neutrophils was reduced on days 1 and 3 after DXP administration. The present results demonstrate clearly that this DXP application protocol is useful for the experimental induction of relatively short-lasting immunosuppression in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edita Jeklova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|