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Wang C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Teng M, Wan X, Wu Z, Zhang Z. Splenic proteome profiling in response to Marek's disease virus strain GX0101 infection. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:10. [PMID: 38183097 PMCID: PMC10768084 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain GX0101 was the first reported field strain of recombinant gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2). However, the splenic proteome of MDV-infected chickens remains unclear. In this study, a total of 28 1-day-old SPF chickens were intraperitoneally injected with chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) containing 2000 PFU GX0101. Additionally, a control group, consisting of four one-day-old SPF chickens, received intraperitoneal equal doses of CEF. Blood and various tissue samples were collected at different intervals (7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days post-infection; dpi) for histopathological, real-time PCR, and label-free quantitative analyses. The results showed that the serum expressions of MDV-related genes, meq and gB, peaked at 45 dpi. The heart, liver, and spleen were dissected at 30 and 45 dpi, and their hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that virus infection compromised the normal organizational structure at 45 dpi. Particularly, the spleen structure was severely damaged, and the lymphocytes in the white medulla were significantly reduced. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and label-free techniques were used to analyze the difference in splenic proteome profiles of the experimental and control groups at 30 and 45 dpi. Proteomic analysis identified 1660 and 1244 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 30 and 40 dpi, respectively, compared with the uninfected spleen tissues. According to GO analysis, these DEPs were involved in processes such as organelle organization, cellular component biogenesis, cellular component assembly, anion binding, small molecule binding, metal ion binding, cation binding, cytosol, nuclear part, etc. Additionally, KEGG analysis indicated that the following pathways were linked to MDV-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor: Wnt, Hippo, AMPK, cAMP, Notch, TGF-β, PI3K-Akt, Rap1, Ras, Calcium, NF-κB, PPAR, cGMP-PKG, Apoptosis, VEGF, mTOR, FoxO, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, Prion disease, T cell receptor, and B cell receptor. We finally screened 674 DEPs that were linked to MDV infection in spleen tissue. This study improves our understanding of the MDV response mechanism in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Yuanzi Liu
- Shaanxi Meili-OH Animal Health Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 712034, PR China
| | - Yuze Yang
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, 100107, PR China
| | - Man Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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2
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Zhuang G, Zhao X, Jin J, Zhu X, Wang R, Zhai Y, Lu W, Liao Y, Teng M, Yao Y, Nair V, Yao W, Sun A, Luo J, Zhang G. Infection phase-dependent dynamics of the viral and host N6-methyladenosine epitranscriptome in the lifecycle of an oncogenic virus in vivo. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28324. [PMID: 36401345 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic alteration of the epitranscriptome exerts regulatory effects on the lifecycle of oncogenic viruses in vitro. However, little is known about these effects in vivo because of the general lack of suitable animal infection models of these viruses. Using a model of rapid-onset Marek's disease lymphoma in chickens, we investigated changes in viral and host messenger RNA (mRNA) N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) modification during Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in vivo. We found that the expression of major epitranscriptomic proteins varies among viral infection phases, reprogramming both the viral and the host epitranscriptomes. Specifically, the methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)/14 complex was suppressed during the lytic and reactivation phases of the MDV lifecycle, whereas its expression was increased during the latent phase and in MDV-induced tumors. METTL3/14 overexpression inhibits, whereas METTL3/14 knockdown enhances, MDV gene expression and replication. These findings reveal the dynamic features of the mRNA m6 A modification program during viral replication in vivo, especially in relation to key pathways involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxin Jin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunyun Zhai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yifei Liao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Man Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- Viral Oncogenesis Group & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK
| | - Wen Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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3
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Sun A, Zhao X, Zhu X, Kong Z, Liao Y, Teng M, Yao Y, Luo J, Nair V, Zhuang G, Zhang G. Fully Attenuated meq and pp38 Double Gene Deletion Mutant Virus Confers Superior Immunological Protection against Highly Virulent Marek's Disease Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0287122. [PMID: 36350141 PMCID: PMC9769808 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02871-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) induces immunosuppression and neoplastic disease in chickens. The virus is controllable via an attenuated meq deletion mutant virus, which has the disadvantage of retaining the ability to induce lymphoid organ atrophy. To overcome this deficiency and produce more vaccine candidates, a recombinant MDV was generated from the highly virulent Md5BAC strain, in which both meq and a cytolytic replication-related gene, pp38, were deleted. Replication of the double deletion virus, Md5BAC ΔmeqΔpp38, was comparable with that of the parental virus in vitro. The double deletion virus was shown to be fully attenuated and to reduce lymphoid organ atrophy in vivo. Crucially, Md5BAC ΔmeqΔpp38 confers superior protection against highly virulent virus compared with a commercial vaccine strain, CVI988/Rispens. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that Md5BAC ΔmeqΔpp38 induced a different host immune response from CVI988/Rispens. In summary, a novel, effective, and safe vaccine candidate for prevention and control of MD caused by highly virulent MDV is reported. IMPORTANCE MDV is a highly contagious immunosuppressive and neoplastic pathogen. The virus can be controlled through vaccination via an attenuated meq deletion mutant virus that retains the ability to induce lymphoid organ atrophy. In this study, we overcame the deficiency by generating meq and pp38 double deletion mutant virus. Indeed, the successfully generated meq and pp38 double deletion mutant virus had significantly reduced replication capacity in vivo but not in vitro. It was fully attenuated and conferred superior protection efficacy against very virulent MDV challenge. In addition, the possible immunological protective mechanism of the double deletion mutant virus was shown to be different from that of the gold standard MDV vaccine, CVI988/Rispens. Overall, we successfully generated an attenuated meq deletion mutant virus and widened the range of potential vaccine candidates. Importantly, this study provides for the first time the theoretical basis of vaccination induced by fully attenuated gene-deletion mutant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Liao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Man Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- Viral Oncogenesis Group,The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group,The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Boodhoo N, Behboudi S. Differential Virus-Specific IFN-Gamma Producing T Cell Responses to Marek's Disease Virus in Chickens With B19 and B21 MHC Haplotypes. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784359. [PMID: 35095857 PMCID: PMC8792850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek’s disease virus (MDV), the etiologic agent for Marek’s disease (MD), causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. Causes of the well-documented association between genetically defined lines of chicken and resistance to MD remain unknown. Here, the frequencies of IFN-gamma producing pp38 and MEQ-specific T cell responses were determined in line N (B21 haplotype; MD-resistant) and line P2a (B19 haplotype, MD-susceptible) chickens after infection with vaccine and/or virulent (RB1B) strains of MDV using both standard ex vivo and cultured chIFN-gamma ELISPOT assays. Notably, MDV infection of naïve and vaccinated MD-resistant chickens induced higher frequencies of IFN-gamma producing MDV-specific T cell responses using the cultured and ex vivo ELISPOT assay, respectively. Remarkably, vaccination did not induce or boost MEQ-specific effector T cells in the susceptible chickens, while it boosted both pp38-and MEQ-specific response in resistant line. Taken together, our results revealed that there is a direct association between the magnitude of T cell responses to pp38 and MEQ of MDV antigens and resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom
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5
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Froggatt HM, Harding AT, Chaparian RR, Heaton NS. ETV7 limits antiviral gene expression and control of influenza viruses. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/691/eabe1194. [PMID: 34257104 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) response is an important component of the innate immune response to viral infection. Precise control of IFN responses is critical because insufficient expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) can lead to a failure to restrict viral spread, whereas excessive ISG activation can result in IFN-related pathologies. Although both positive and negative regulatory factors control the magnitude and duration of IFN signaling, it is also appreciated that several ISGs regulate aspects of the IFN response themselves. In this study, we performed a CRISPR activation screen to identify previously unknown regulators of the type I IFN response. We identified the strongly induced ISG encoding ETS variant transcription factor 7 (ETV7) as a negative regulator of the type I IFN response. However, ETV7 did not uniformly suppress ISG transcription. Instead, ETV7 preferentially targeted a subset of antiviral ISGs that were particularly important for IFN-mediated control of influenza viruses. Together, our data assign a function for ETV7 as an IFN response regulator and also identify ETV7 as a potential therapeutic target to increase innate antiviral responses and enhance IFN-based antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Froggatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alfred T Harding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan R Chaparian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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6
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Sun GR, Zhou LY, Zhang YP, Zhang F, Yu ZH, Pan Q, Gao L, Li K, Wang YQ, Cui HY, Qi X, Gao YL, Wang XM, Liu CJ. Differential expression of type I interferon mRNA and protein levels induced by virulent Marek's disease virus infection in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 212:15-22. [PMID: 31213247 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), an α-herpesvirus targeting avian species, causes fatal Marek's disease (MD) in chickens. The host interferon (IFN) responses play a key role in resisting viral infection. However, host IFN responses following MDV infection in the chicken central immune organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius), which contain numerous MDV target cells, is poorly understood. In this study, we performed animal experiments in specific pathogen-free chickens infected with two virulent MDV strains (BS/15 and Md5) or without infection as negative controls. Specifically, the type I IFN (IFN-α and IFN-β) transcriptional and proteomic expression levels at 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days post infection (dpi) were detected and analyzed. Our results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of IFN-α and IFN-β in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius were mainly downregulated in cytolytic infection (such as 10 dpi) and reactivation (such as 17 dpi) stages, but not the latent (such as 14 dpi) stage of MDV infection, which was determined by comprehensively analyzing the MDV viral load and immune organ damage caused by MDV infection. These data suggest that MDV could inhibit the expression of host type I IFNs, which may be involved in the MDV-induced host immunosuppression and contribute to the immune escape of MDV from host immunity. Furthermore, we found that the downregulated expression of the host type I IFNs induced by BS/15 and Md5 infection was significantly different, which we speculated may be related to the diverse virulence and pathogenicity of MDV strains. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that MDV mostly inhibited the expression of type I IFNs in infected hosts, which may be associated to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rong Sun
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Lin-Yi Zhou
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Hao Yu
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yu Cui
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Yu-Long Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
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7
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Zhou X, Wu S, Zhou H, Wang M, Wang M, Lü Y, Cheng Z, Xu J, Ai Y. Marek's Disease Virus Regulates the Ubiquitylome of Chicken CD4 + T Cells to Promote Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2089. [PMID: 31035338 PMCID: PMC6539122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of cellular proteins are reciprocal reactions catalyzed by ubiquitination-related enzymes and deubiquitinase (DUB) which regulate almost all cellular processes. Marek's disease virus (MDV) encodes a viral DUB that plays an important role in the MDV pathogenicity. Chicken CD4+ T-cell lymphoma induced by MDV is a key contributor to multiple visceral tumors and immunosuppression of chickens with Marek's disease (MD). However, alterations in the ubiquitylome of MDV-induced T lymphoma cells are still unclear. In this study, a specific antibody against K-ε-GG was used to isolate ubiquitinated peptides from CD4+ T cells and MD T lymphoma cells. Mass spectrometry was used to compare and analyze alterations in the ubiquitylome. Our results showed that the ubiquitination of 717 and 778 proteins was significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in T lymphoma cells. MDV up- and downregulated ubiquitination of a similar percentage of proteins. The ubiquitination of transferases, especially serine/threonine kinases, was the main regulatory target of MDV. Compared with CD4+ T cells of the control group, MDV mainly altered the ubiquitylome associated with the signal transduction, immune system, cancer, and infectious disease pathways in T lymphoma cells. In these pathways, the ubiquitination of CDK1, IL-18, PRKCB, ETV6, and EST1 proteins was significantly up- or downregulated as shown by immunoblotting. The current study revealed that the MDV infection could exert a significant influence on the ubiquitylome of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Shanli Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xin Min Avenue, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Hongda Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Mengyun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Menghan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Yan Lü
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs Co. Ltd., 452 6th Street, Hangzhou Eco. & Tech. Developmental Area, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiacui Xu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Yongxing Ai
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
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8
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McPherson MC, Cheng HH, Smith JM, Delany ME. Vaccination and Host Marek's Disease-Resistance Genotype Significantly Reduce Oncogenic Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 Telomere Integration in Host Birds. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 156:204-214. [PMID: 30572327 PMCID: PMC7448376 DOI: 10.1159/000495174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is an infectious disease characterized by lymphomas and high mortality in susceptible chickens. The causative and ubiquitous alpha-herpesvirus known as MD virus (MDV) integrates into host telomeres during early infection through latency, known to be an important phase for oncogenic transformation. Herein, we sought to determine the influence of vaccination and host genetics on the temporal dynamics of MDV-host genome interactions. We studied integration profiles using 2 MD vaccines that vary in protective efficacy in 2 genetic lines that differ in MD resistance/susceptibility. Virus integration of both oncogenic MDV and vaccine strains was observed in both MD susceptible and resistant birds, however, the lines differed in their dynamic telomere-integration profiles. Notably, the resistant host genotype exhibited a smaller percentage of replicating cells with the virus telomere-integrated only phenotype as compared to the susceptible genotype. Vaccination with Rispens, the most protective MD vaccine, also reduced the establishment of the virus telomere-integrated only phenotype, suggesting a significant role of the phenotype in MD lymphoma development. The effect of Rispens vaccination was most dramatic in the susceptible genotype. These results suggest important connections between vaccinal immunity, MDV telomere integration, virus-induced oncogenesis, and virus-host genome interactions in the context of host genetics and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla C. McPherson
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hans H. Cheng
- USDA, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Justin M. Smith
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Mary E. Delany
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
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Li P, Fan W, Everaert N, Liu R, Li Q, Zheng M, Cui H, Zhao G, Wen J. Messenger RNA Sequencing and Pathway Analysis Provide Novel Insights Into the Susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Chickens. Front Genet 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 30061915 PMCID: PMC6055056 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a foodborne pathogen that negatively affects both animal and human health. Controlling poultry SE infection will have great practical significance for human public health, as poultry are considered to be important sources and carriers of the disease. In this study, the splenic transcriptomes of challenged-susceptible (S), challenged-resistant (R) and non-challenged (C) chicks (3-days old, specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn) were characterized in order to identify the immune-related gene markers and pathways. A total of 934 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparisons among the C, R and S birds. First reported here, the DEGs involved in the Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway, especially FoxO3, were identified as potential markers for host resistance to SE infection. The challenged-susceptible birds exhibited strong activation of the FoxO signaling pathway, which may be a major defect causing immune cell apoptosis as part of SE-induced pathology; these S birds also showed weak activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related genes, contrasting with strong splenic activation in the R birds. Interestingly, suppression of several pathways in the immune response against Salmonella, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Jak-STAT, was only found in S birds and there was evidence of cross-talk among these pathways, perhaps contributing to susceptibility to Salmonella infection. These findings will help facilitate understanding resistance and susceptibility to SE infection in the earliest phases of the host immune response through Salmonella-induced pathways, provide new approaches to develop strategies for SE prevention and treatment, and may enhance innate resistance by genetic selection in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlei Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
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Dynamic Changes in the Splenic Transcriptome of Chickens during the Early Infection and Progress of Marek's Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11648. [PMID: 28912500 PMCID: PMC5599560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV2) is an oncogenic avian herpesvirus inducing Marek’s disease (MD) and rapid-onset T-cell lymphomas. To reveal molecular events in MD pathogenesis and tumorigenesis, the dynamic splenic transcriptome of GaHV2-infected chickens during early infection and pathogenic phases has been determined utilizing RNA-seq. Based on the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs), analysis of gene ontology, KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction network has demonstrated that the molecular events happening during GaHV2 infection are highly relevant to the disease course. In the ‘Cornell Model’ description of MD, innate immune responses and inflammatory responses were established at early cytolytic phase but persisted until lymphoma formation. Humoral immunity in contrast began to play a role firstly in the intestinal system and started at late cytolytic phase. Neurological damage caused by GaHV2 is first seen in early cytolytic phase and is then sustained throughout the following phases over a long time period. During the proliferative phase many pathways associated with transcription and/or translation were significantly enriched, reflecting the cell transformation and lymphoma formation. Our work provides an overall view of host responses to GaHV2 infection and offers a meaningful basis for further studies of MD biology.
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Li X, Su S, Cui N, Zhou H, Liu X, Cui Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cell Infected with Marek’s Disease Virus of GX0101 ∆ LTR. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - S Su
- Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - N Cui
- Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - H Zhou
- University of California, USA
| | - X Liu
- Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong Agricultural University, China
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12
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Kong BW, Lassiter K, Piekarski-Welsher A, Dridi S, Reverter-Gomez A, Hudson NJ, Bottje WG. Proteomics of Breast Muscle Tissue Associated with the Phenotypic Expression of Feed Efficiency within a Pedigree Male Broiler Line: I. Highlight on Mitochondria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155679. [PMID: 27244447 PMCID: PMC4887024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As feed represents 60 to 70% of the cost of raising an animal to market weight, feed efficiency (the amount of dry weight intake to amount of wet weight gain) remains an important genetic trait in animal agriculture. To gain greater understanding of cellular mechanisms of feed efficiency (FE), shotgun proteomics was conducted using in-gel trypsin digestion and tandem mass spectrometry on breast muscle samples obtained from pedigree male (PedM) broilers exhibiting high feed efficiency (FE) or low FE phenotypes (n = 4 per group). The high FE group had greater body weight gain (P = 0.004) but consumed the same amount of feed (P = 0.30) from 6 to 7 wk resulting in higher FE (P < 0.001). Over 1800 proteins were identified, of which 152 were different (P < 0.05) by at least 1.3 fold and ≤ 15 fold between the high and low FE phenotypes. Data were analyzed for a modified differential expression (DE) metric (Phenotypic Impact Factors or PIF) and interpretation of protein expression data facilitated using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program. In the entire data set, 228 mitochondrial proteins were identified whose collective expression indicates a higher mitochondrial expression in the high FE phenotype (binomial probability P < 0.00001). Within the top up and down 5% PIF molecules in the dataset, there were 15 mitoproteome proteins up-regulated and only 5 down-regulated in the high FE phenotype. Pathway enrichment analysis also identified mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation as the number 1 and 5 differentially expressed canonical pathways (up-regulated in high FE) in the proteomic dataset. Upstream analysis (based on DE of downstream molecules) predicted that insulin receptor, insulin like growth receptor 1, nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2, AMP activated protein kinase (α subunit), progesterone and triiodothyronine would be activated in the high FE phenotype whereas rapamycin independent companion of target of rapamycin, mitogen activated protein kinase 4, and serum response factor would be inhibited in the high FE phenotype. The results provide additional insight into the fundamental molecular landscape of feed efficiency in breast muscle of broilers as well as further support for a role of mitochondria in the phenotypic expression of FE. Funding provided by USDA-NIFA (#2013–01953), Arkansas Biosciences Institute (Little Rock, AR), McMaster Fellowship (AUS to WB) and the Agricultural Experiment Station (Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Whi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Kentu Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Alissa Piekarski-Welsher
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Antonio Reverter-Gomez
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Nicholas James Hudson
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Walter Gay Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Cui N, Li X, Chen C, Hao H, Su S, Cui Z. Transcriptional and Bioinformatic Analysis Provide a Relationship between Host Response Changes to Marek's Disease Viruses Infection and an Integrated Long Terminal Repeat. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:46. [PMID: 27200301 PMCID: PMC4844599 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GX0101, Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain with a long terminal repeat (LTR) insert of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), was isolated from CVI988/Rispens vaccinated birds showing tumors. We have constructed a LTR deleted strain GX0101ΔLTR in our previous study. To compare the host responses to GX0101 and GX0101ΔLTR, chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cells were infected with two MDV strains and a gene-chip containing chicken genome was employed to examine gene transcription changes in host cells in the present study. Of the 42,368 chicken transcripts on the chip, there were 2199 genes that differentially expressed in CEF infected with GX0101 compared to GX0101ΔLTR significantly. Differentially expressed genes were distributed to 25 possible gene networks according to their intermolecular connections and were annotated to 56 pathways. The insertion of REV LTR showed the greatest influence on cancer formation and metastasis, followed with immune changes, atherosclerosis, and nervous system disorders in MDV-infected CEF cells. Based on these bio functions, GX0101 infection was predicated with a greater growth and survival inhibition but lower oncogenicity in chickens than GX0101ΔLTR, at least in the acute phase of infection. In summary, the insertion of REV LTR altered the expression of host genes in response to MDV infection, possibly resulting in novel phenotypic properties in chickens. Our study has provided the evidence of retroviral insertional changes of host responses to herpesvirus infection for the first time, which will promote to elucidation of the possible relationship between the LTR insertion and the observed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Xianyao Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Hao
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Su
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
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14
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Hu X, Qin A, Xu W, Wu G, Li D, Qian K, Shao H, Ye J. Transcriptional analysis of host responses to Marek's disease virus infection in chicken thymus. Intervirology 2015; 58:95-105. [PMID: 25677615 DOI: 10.1159/000370069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus that causes T-cell lymphomas and nervous disorders in chickens. Different from other lymphoid organs, the thymus is the site of T-cell maturation and differentiation. However, the transcriptional response to MDV infection in the chicken thymus is still not known. In this study, we performed genome-wide expression analysis in thymus tissues of RB1B-infected chickens at different time points to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MDV pathogenesis. The number of differentially expressed genes with 2-fold or higher changes (>2) are as follows: 1,250 genes (7 dpi), 834 genes (14 dpi), 1,958 genes (21 dpi), and 2,306 genes (28 dpi). Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were involved in immune and inflammatory response at 7 dpi; angiogenesis, cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, and signal transduction showed different expressions at 21 and 28 dpi. The expression pattern of 18 randomly selected genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Several differently expressed host genes associated with tumor development are discussed. We identified the global host-gene expression pattern in the thymus of chickens that responded to MDV infection. The present data may provide groundwork for future investigation in the biology and pathogenesis of MDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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15
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Chi JQ, Teng M, Yu ZH, Xu H, Su JW, Zhao P, Xing GX, Liang HD, Deng RG, Qu LH, Zhang GP, Luo J. Marek's disease virus-encoded analog of microRNA-155 activates the oncogene c-Myc by targeting LTBP1 and suppressing the TGF-β signaling pathway. Virology 2014; 476:72-84. [PMID: 25528440 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a representative alpha herpes virus able to induce rapid-onset T-cell lymphoma in its natural host and regarded as an ideal model for the study of virus-induced tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that the mdv1-miR-M4-5p, a viral analog of cellular miR-155, is critical for MDV׳s oncogenicity. However, the precise mechanism whereby it was involved in MD lymphomagenesis remained unknown. We have presently identified the host mRNA targets of mdv1-miR-M4-5 and identified the latent TGF-β binding protein 1 (LTBP1) as a critical target for it. We found that during MDV infection, down-regulation of LTBP1 expression by mdv1-miR-M4-5p led to a significant decrease of the secretion and activation of TGF-β1, with suppression of TGF-β signaling and a significant activation of expression of c-Myc, a well-known oncogene which is critical for virus-induced tumorigenesis. Our findings reveal a novel and important mechanism of how mdv1-miR-M4-5p potentially contributes to MDV-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People׳s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Man Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Zu-Hua Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People׳s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Xu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Hong-De Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Guang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Hu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People׳s Republic of China.
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People׳s Republic of China.
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16
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Sun Y, Niu L, Song M, Zhao X, Sun N, He J, Wu C, Jiang J, Bai Y, Guo J, Li H. Screening compounds of Chinese medicinal herbs anti-Marek's disease virus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:841-847. [PMID: 24920229 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.871639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Marek's disease (MD) seriously threatens the world poultry industry and has resulted in great economic losses. Chinese medicinal herbs are a rich source for lead compounds and drug candidates for antiviral treatments. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-MDV activity and mechanism of 20 compounds extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antiviral assay, time of addition experiments, and virucidal assay were performed on chicken embryo fibroblast cells. The 50% cytotoxic concentration and 50% effective concentration were determined and, accordingly, selectivity index and inhibition ratio were calculated. RESULTS Antiviral assay showed dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) exhibited significantly inhibitory activity against MDV in a dose-dependent manner. EC50 of DG and STS were 893.5 ± 36.99 µg/mL and 54.82 ± 2.99 µg/mL, and selective index (SI) were >3.36 and >9.12, respectively. Time of addition experiment and virucidal assay demonstrated DG inhibited viral replication in the full replication cycle and inactivated MDV particles in non-time-dependent manner, but STS interfered with the early stage of MDV replication and inactivated MDV particles in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, both DG and STS promoted apoptosis of cells infected by MDV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION DG and STS have great potential for developing new anti-MDV drugs for clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaogui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi , PR China
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Landesfeind M, Kaever A, Feussner K, Thurow C, Gatz C, Feussner I, Meinicke P. Integrative study of Arabidopsis thaliana metabolomic and transcriptomic data with the interactive MarVis-Graph software. PeerJ 2014; 2:e239. [PMID: 24688832 PMCID: PMC3961162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
State of the art high-throughput technologies allow comprehensive experimental studies of organism metabolism and induce the need for a convenient presentation of large heterogeneous datasets. Especially, the combined analysis and visualization of data from different high-throughput technologies remains a key challenge in bioinformatics. We present here the MarVis-Graph software for integrative analysis of metabolic and transcriptomic data. All experimental data is investigated in terms of the full metabolic network obtained from a reference database. The reactions of the network are scored based on the associated data, and sub-networks, according to connected high-scoring reactions, are identified. Finally, MarVis-Graph scores the detected sub-networks, evaluates them by means of a random permutation test and presents them as a ranked list. Furthermore, MarVis-Graph features an interactive network visualization that provides researchers with a convenient view on the results. The key advantage of MarVis-Graph is the analysis of reactions detached from their pathways so that it is possible to identify new pathways or to connect known pathways by previously unrelated reactions. The MarVis-Graph software is freely available for academic use and can be downloaded at: http://marvis.gobics.de/marvis-graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Landesfeind
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Alexander Kaever
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Corinna Thurow
- Department for Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Schwann-Schleiden-Research-Center for Molecular Cell Biology, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Department for Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Schwann-Schleiden-Research-Center for Molecular Cell Biology, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Peter Meinicke
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
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Sun N, Cong XM, Jiang JB, Zhao JX, Wang WK, Duan ZB, Hu YL, Lei HM, Li HQ. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibits the meq, ul49 and VP22 expression of Marek’s disease virus. Antivir Ther 2014; 19:793-8. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Haq K, Schat KA, Sharif S. Immunity to Marek's disease: where are we now? DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:439-446. [PMID: 23588041 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) in chickens was first described over a century ago and the causative agent of this disease, Marek's disease virus (MDV), was first identified in the 1960's. There has been extensive and intensive research over the last few decades to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the interactions between the virus and its host. We have also made considerable progress in terms of developing efficacious vaccines against MD. The advent of the chicken genetic map and genome sequence as well as development of approaches for chicken transcriptome and proteome analyses, have greatly facilitated the process of illuminating underlying genetic mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to disease. However, there are still major gaps in our understanding of MDV pathogenesis and mechanisms of host immunity to the virus and to the neoplastic events caused by this virus. Importantly, vaccines that can disrupt virus transmission in the field are lacking. The current review explores mechanisms of host immunity against Marek's disease and makes an attempt to identify the areas that are lacking in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Haq
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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20
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Wolc A, Arango J, Jankowski T, Settar P, Fulton JE, O'Sullivan NP, Fernando R, Garrick DJ, Dekkers JCM. Genome-wide association study for Marek's disease mortality in layer chickens. Avian Dis 2013; 57:395-400. [PMID: 23901752 DOI: 10.1637/10409-100312-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using Bayesian variable selection was performed to determine genomic regions associated with mortality due to Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in layers. Mortality (%) under experimental disease challenge (500 plaque-forming units of a very virulent plus MDV strain) was recorded for progeny groups (average 15.5 birds; range 3 to 30) of 253 genotyped sires from four generations of a brown-egg layer line. An additional generation of 43 sires with progeny data was used to validate results. Sires were genotyped with a 42K Illumina single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Methods BayesB (pi = 0.995) and BayesCpi, with or without weighting residuals by the size of progeny groups were applied. The proportion of genetic variance contributed by SNPs within each 1-megabase (Mb) genomic region was quantified. Average mortality was 33% but differed significantly between generations. Genetic markers explained about 11% of phenotypic variation in mortality. Correlations between genomic estimated breeding values and percentage of progeny mortality for the validation generation (sons of individuals in training) were 0.12, 0.17, 0.02, and 0.16 for BayesB, weighted BayesB, BayesCpi, and weighted BayesCpi, respectively, when using the whole genome, and 0.03, 0.20, -0.06, and 0.14, when using only SNP from the 10, 1-Mb regions, explaining the largest proportion of genetic variance according to each method. Results suggest that regions on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 9, 15, 18, and 21 are associated with Marek's disease resistance and can be used for selection and that accounting for the size of progeny groups has a large impact on correct localization of such genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolc
- Department of Genetic and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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Microsatellite instability in chicken lymphoma induced by gallid herpesvirus 2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68058. [PMID: 23844155 PMCID: PMC3699484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been found in a range of human tumors, and little is known of the links between MSI and herpesvirus. In order to investigate the relationship between MSI and Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2)-induced lymphoma, fifteen Marek’s disease (MD) lymphomas were analyzed through using 46 microsatellite markers, which were amplified by PCR from DNA specimens of lymphoma and normal muscular tissues from the same chicken. PCR products were evaluated by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for MSI analysis. MSI was proved in all lymphomas, at least in one locus. Thirty of the 46 microsatellite markers had microsatellite alterations. These results suggested that GaHV-2-induced lymphoma in chickens is related to MSI, and this is the first report to demonstrate that MSI is associated with the GaHV-2 induced lymphoma in chicken.
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Zhang JQ, Gu YL, Wu CH, Ma HL, He JP, Bai YS, Li HQ. Effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate against Marek's disease virus in experimentally infected chickens. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 58:258-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hu X, Qin A, Miao J, Xu W, Yu C, Qian K, Shao H. Transcriptional profile of Marek’s disease virus genes in chicken thymus during different phases of MDV infection. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1787-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Haq K, Wootton SK, Barjesteh N, St Paul M, Golovan S, Bendall AJ, Sharif S. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of chicken interferon-γ expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:319-27. [PMID: 23458611 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ is a cytokine with a variety of functions, including direct antiviral activities and the capacity to polarize T-cells. However, there is limited information available about the function of this cytokine in the avian immune system. To gain a better understanding of the biological relevance of IFN-γ in chicken immunity, gain-of-function (upregulation) and loss-of-function (downregulation) studies need to be conducted. RNA interference (RNAi), a technique employed for downregulating gene expression, is mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which can trigger sequence-specific gene silencing. In this regard, sequence specificity and delivery of siRNA molecules remain critical issues, especially to cells of the immune system. Various direct and indirect approaches have been employed to deliver siRNA, including the use of viral vectors. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether RNAi could effectively downregulate expression of chicken IFN-γ in vitro, and investigate the feasibility of recombinant adeno-associated virus to deliver siRNA in vitro as well. Three 27-mer Dicer substrate RNAs were selected based on the chicken IFN-γ coding sequence and transfected into cells or delivered using a recombinant avian adeno-associated virus (rAAAV) into a chicken fibroblast cell line expressing chIFN-γ. The expression of chIFN-γ transcripts was significantly downregulated when a cocktail containing all three siRNAs was used. Expression of endogenous IFN-γ was also significantly downregulated in primary cells after stimulation with a peptide. Further, significant suppression of IFN-γ transcript was also observed in vitro in cells that were treated with rAAAV, expressing siRNA targeting IFN-γ. Off-target effects in the form of triggering IFN responses by RNAi, including expression of chicken 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and IFN-α, were also examined. Our results suggest that siRNAs selected were effective at downregulating IFN-γ in vitro both when delivered directly as well as when expressed by an rAAAV-based vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Haq
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Cao Z, Han Z, Shao Y, Liu X, Sun J, Yu D, Kong X, Liu S. Proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in chicken trachea and kidney after infection with the highly virulent and attenuated coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in vivo. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:24. [PMID: 22463732 PMCID: PMC3342233 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is first to be discovered coronavirus which is probably endemic in all regions with intensive impact on poultry production. In this study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-DIGE), coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS), to explore the global proteome profiles of trachea and kidney tissues from chicken at different stages infected in vivo with the highly virulent ck/CH/LDL/97I P5 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and the embryo-passaged, attenuated ck/CH/LDL/97I P115 strain. RESULTS Fifty-eight differentially expressed proteins were identified. Results demonstrated that some proteins which had functions in cytoskeleton organization, anti-oxidative stress, and stress response, showed different change patterns in abundance from chicken infected with the highly virulent ck/CH/LDL/97I P5 strain and those given the embryo-passaged, attenuated P115 stain. In addition, the dynamic transcriptional alterations of 12 selected proteins were analyzed by the real-time RT-PCR, and western blot analysis confirmed the change in abundance of heat shock proteins (HSP) beta-1, annexin A2, and annexin A5. CONCLUSIONS The proteomic alterations described here may suggest that these changes to protein expression correlate with IBV virus' virulence in chicken, hence provides valuable insights into the interactions of IBV with its host and may also assist with investigations of the pathogenesis of IBV and other coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzan Cao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Chen C, Li H, Xie Q, Shang H, Ji J, Bai S, Cao Y, Ma Y, Bi Y. Transcriptional profiling of host gene expression in chicken liver tissues infected with oncogenic Marek's disease virus. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2724-2733. [PMID: 21832007 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.034066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), one of the most potent oncogenic herpesviruses, leads to highly contagious immunosuppressive and neoplastic disease in susceptible chickens. Previous studies mainly focused on the roles of host genes modulated by MDV in the virological rather than the neoplastic stage of disease. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in Marek's disease further, a microarray analysis with Affymetrix Gene-Chip Chicken Genome Arrays was performed in a non-lymphoid tissue liver during the neoplastic stage. Of the 32 773 chicken transcriptions arrayed on a chip, 269 genes were significantly differentially expressed during the neoplastic stage caused by MDV infection (upregulated, 175; downregulated, 94). The altered genomic expression of 15 randomly selected genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Biological functions and pathways of the group of 269 differentially expressed genes were analysed by using a bioinformatics tool (ipa, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis). The results revealed that 19 possible gene networks with intermolecular connections and 22 significant metabolic and signalling pathways (P≤0.05) among 137 differentially expressed genes. These 137 genes were classified into a number of functional groups that included genetic disorder, cancer, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death. In summary, the investigation of global host-gene expression, providing the biological functions of differentially expressed genes in lymphoid tumours of the liver in response to MDV infections, may contribute to a basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis following MDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Huiqin Shang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Siwei Bai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yulin Ma
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Haq K, Elawadli I, Parvizi P, Mallick AI, Behboudi S, Sharif S. Interferon-γ influences immunity elicited by vaccines against very virulent Marek’s disease virus. Antiviral Res 2011; 90:218-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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