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Tavener SK, Jackson MI, Panickar KS. Immune-Modulating Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Foods in Healthy Canines. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102128. [PMID: 38590952 PMCID: PMC10999821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ketogenic foods limit digestible carbohydrates but contain high fat, and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as improving mitochondrial function. β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), 1 of the ketone bodies, reduces the proinflammatory NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasomes, as well as chemokines in cultures. Objectives We assessed the immune-modulating effects of 2 low-carbohydrate (LoCHO) foods varying in protein and fat and compared their effects with a food replete with high-carbohydrate (HiCHO) in healthy canines. Methods Dogs were fed control food [HiCHO; ketogenic ratio (KR: 0.46) followed by LoCHO_PROT (KR: 0.97), then LoCHO_FAT (KR: 1.63) or LoCHO_FAT followed by LoCHO_PROT. Each food was fed for 5 wk, with collections in the 5th wk; 15 wk feeding total. Gene expression for circulating inflammatory cytokines from 10 dogs was assessed using the Canine RT2 Profiler polymerase chain reaction array, and fold changes were calculated using the ΔΔCt method. Results LoCHO_FAT significantly increased circulating β-hydroxybutyrate compared with both HiCHO and LoCHO_PROT. When compared with HiCHO, there was a significant decrease in several proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in LoCHO_PROT and LoCHO_FAT groups, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)1, CCL8, CCL13, CCL17, CCL24, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1, Interleukin-10 receptor alpha ((IL)-10RA), IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-5, and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (all P < 0.05). Interestingly, a subset of inflammatory proteins that decreased in LoCHO_PROT but not in LoCHO_FAT included IL-33, IL-6 receptor, IL-7, IL-8, Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 11B. In contrast, the decrease in inflammatory markers in LoCHO_FAT, but not in LoCHO_PROT, included complement component 5, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or G-CSF, interferon-γ, IL-3, IL-10RB, IL-17C, Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF)13, TNFSF13B, and TNFSF14. Decreased concentrations of selected cytokines indicate that both low-carbohydrate foods exert an anti-inflammatory effect and provide a strong rationale for testing their efficacy in dogs with inflammatory conditions. Conclusions Both LoCHO_PROT and LoCHO_FAT foods might be important as part of immune-modulating therapeutic nutritional strategies to reduce inflammation to maintain health in canines. Our study identifies several inflammatory genes that are reduced when fed ketogenic food that were not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena K. Tavener
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Matthew I. Jackson
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Kiran S. Panickar
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
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Konstantinidis AO, Adamama-Moraitou KK, Pardali D, Dovas CI, Brellou GD, Papadopoulos T, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Rallis TS. Colonic mucosal and cytobrush sample cytokine mRNA expression in canine inflammatory bowel disease and their correlation with disease activity, endoscopic and histopathologic score. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245713. [PMID: 33471872 PMCID: PMC7817028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders, the pathogenesis of which remains elusive, but it possibly involves the interaction of the intestinal immune system with luminal microbiota and food-derived antigens. Mucosal cytokines profiles in canine IBD have been investigated mainly in small intestinal disease, while data on cytokine profiles in large intestinal IBD are limited. The objective of this study was to measure colonic mucosal and cytobrush sample messenger (m)RNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12p40, IL-23p19, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL28) in dogs with IBD and healthy controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and assess their correlation with clinical disease activity, endoscopic and histopathologic score. Dogs with IBD had a significantly increased mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-23p19 and CCL28 in the colonic mucosa, compared to healthy controls. None of the selected cytokines had significantly different mRNA expression in the colonic cytobrush samples between the two groups or between the colonic mucosa and cytobrush samples of dogs with IBD. Finally, there was a statistically significant correlation of clinical disease activity with endoscopic activity score and fibrosis and atrophy of the colonic mucosa in dogs with large intestinal IBD. IL-1β, IL-23p19 and CCL28 could play a role in the pathogenesis of canine large intestinal IBD. Colonic cytokine expression does not correlate with clinical disease activity and/or endoscopic score. However, clinical signs reflect the severity of endoscopic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros O. Konstantinidis
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Pardali
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I. Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia D. Brellou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theologos Papadopoulos
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Timoleon S. Rallis
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Dai L, Perera DS, Burcher E, Liu L. Hemokinin-1 and substance P stimulate production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human colonic mucosa via both NK 1 and NK 2 tachykinin receptors. Neuropeptides 2020; 82:102061. [PMID: 32600668 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing focus on the involvement of tachykinins in immune and inflammatory responses. Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is a recently identified tachykinin that originates primarily from immune cells, and has structural similarities to substance P (SP), found mainly in neurons. However, there are species differences in HK-1, and the role of HK-1 in humans, particularly the intestine, has received minimal attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory role of human HK-1 in the human colon. The effects of HK-1 and SP were compared on the production of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from human colonic mucosal explants. Data generated by Procarta multiplex assay and QuantiGene assay demonstrated that 4 h incubation with HK-1 (0.1 μM) significantly stimulated transcript expression and release of MCP-1, MIP-1α and β, RANTES, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 from the mucosa. SP (0.1 μM) had comparable actions, but had no effect on MCP-1 or RANTES. These effects were inhibited separately by tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists SR140333 and SR48968 (both 0.1 μM), suggesting that these responses were mediated by both NK1 and NK2 receptors. In conclusion, these data support a novel inflammatory role for HK-1 in human colon, signaling via NK1 and NK2 receptors (and possibly other tachykinin-preferring receptors) to regulate the release of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory mediators. The study suggests that along with SP, HK-1 is also a proinflammatory mediator, likely involved in colonic inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - D Shevy Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Burcher
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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4
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Konstantinidis AΟ, Pardali D, Adamama-Moraitou KK, Gazouli M, Dovas CI, Legaki E, Brellou GD, Savvas I, Jergens AE, Rallis TS, Allenspach K. Colonic mucosal and serum expression of microRNAs in canine large intestinal inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:69. [PMID: 32087719 PMCID: PMC7035774 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders of still largely unknown etiology. Canine IBD diagnosis is time-consuming and costly as other diseases with similar signs should be initially excluded. In human IBD microRNA (miR) expression changes have been reported in GI mucosa and blood. Thus, there is a possibility that miRs may provide insight into disease pathogenesis, diagnosis and even treatment of canine IBD. The aim of this study was to determine the colonic mucosal and serum relative expression of a miRs panel in dogs with large intestinal IBD and healthy control dogs. RESULTS Compared to healthy control dogs, dogs with large intestinal IBD showed significantly increased relative expression of miR-16, miR-21, miR-122 and miR-147 in the colonic mucosa and serum, while the relative expression of miR-185, miR-192 and miR-223 was significantly decreased. Relative expression of miR-146a was significantly increased only in the serum of dogs with large intestinal IBD. Furthermore, serum miR-192 and miR-223 relative expression correlated to disease activity and endoscopic score, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest the existence of dysregulated miRs expression patterns in canine IBD and support the potential future use of serum miRs as useful noninvasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Ο Konstantinidis
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Pardali
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina K Adamama-Moraitou
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia D Brellou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Savvas
- Companion Animal Clinic (Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Timoleon S Rallis
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.
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Nakazawa M, Maeda S, Yokoyama N, Nakagawa T, Yonezawa T, Ohno K, Matsuki N. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates the production of intestinal IgA and its potential role in the pathogenesis of canine inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1249-1258. [PMID: 31341112 PMCID: PMC6785611 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Decreased production of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been suggested as a possible pathogenesis in a
subset of canine IBD; however, the underlying cause remains unclear. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that regulates intestinal IgA production by controlling lymphocyte
trafficking in mice. The objectives of this study were to clarify the role of S1P in IgA production in dogs and to evaluate the expression of S1P-related molecules in dogs with IBD. First,
an S1P receptor antagonist was administrated to five healthy dogs. The S1P receptor antagonist significantly decreased the IgA concentration in sera and feces but did not affect the IgG
concentration. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of intestinal IgA was significantly decreased by S1P signal blockade. These results indicate that S1P signaling specifically regulates the
intestinal IgA production in dogs. Subsequently, the intestinal S1P concentration and the expression of S1P-related molecules were measured in dogs with IBD and healthy dogs. The intestinal
concentration of S1P was significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. In addition, the gene expression levels of S1P receptor (S1P1) and S1P synthase
(SK1) were significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. Taken together, these observations suggest that decreased S1P production, likely caused by a lower
expression of S1P synthetase, leads to attenuation of S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway and the production of intestinal IgA in dogs with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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6
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Heilmann RM, Steiner JM. Clinical utility of currently available biomarkers in inflammatory enteropathies of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1495-1508. [PMID: 30222209 PMCID: PMC6189362 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs are a group of disorders that are characterized by chronic persistent or recurrent signs of gastrointestinal disease and histologic evidence of mucosal inflammation. These CIEs are classified as either food-responsive, antibiotic-responsive, or immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy. Patients not clinically responding to immunomodulatory treatment are grouped as nonresponsive enteropathy and dogs with intestinal protein loss as protein-losing enteropathy. Disease-independent clinical scoring systems were established in dogs for assessment of clinical disease severity and patient monitoring during treatment. Histopathologic and routine clinicopathologic findings are usually not able to distinguish the subgroups of CIE. Treatment trials are often lengthy and further diagnostic tests are usually at least minimally invasive. Biomarkers that can aid in defining the presence of disease, site of origin, severity of the disease process, response to treatment, or a combination of these would be clinically useful in dogs with CIE. This article summarizes the following biomarkers that have been evaluated in dogs with CIE during the last decade, and critically evaluates their potential clinical utility in dogs with CIE: functional biomarkers (cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, folate, α1 -proteinase inhibitor, immunoglobulin A), biochemical biomarkers (C-reactive protein, perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies, 3-bromotyrosine, N-methylhistamine, calprotectin, S100A12, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products, cytokines and chemokines, alkaline phosphatase), microbiomic biomarkers (microbiome changes, dysbiosis index), metabolomic biomarkers (serum metabolome), genetic biomarkers (genomic markers, gene expression changes), and cellular biomarkers (regulatory T cells). In addition, important performance criteria of diagnostic tests are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M. Heilmann
- Small Animal ClinicCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzigSaxonyGermany
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal LaboratoryCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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7
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Maghazachi AA, Sand KL, Al-Jaderi Z. Glatiramer Acetate, Dimethyl Fumarate, and Monomethyl Fumarate Upregulate the Expression of CCR10 on the Surface of Natural Killer Cells and Enhance Their Chemotaxis and Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2016; 7:437. [PMID: 27807435 PMCID: PMC5069502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro harnessing of immune cells is the most important advance in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Results shown in the current paper may be used to harness natural killer (NK) cells in vitro. It is observed that drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis such as glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, and monomethyl fumarate upregulate the expression of chemokines receptor 10 (CCR10) on the surface of human IL-2-activated NK cells. This is corroborated with increased chemotaxis of these cells toward the concentration gradients of the ligands for CCR10, namely CCL27 and CCL28. It is also demonstrated that these three drugs enhance NK cell cytotoxicity against tumor target cells, an activity that is abrogated by prior incubation of the cells with anti-CCR10 antibody. Because CCL27 and CCL28 are secreted by selective tumor types such as malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinomas, and colorectal cancer, respectively, it is hypothesized that activated NK cells may be harnessed in vitro with any of these drugs before utilizing them as a therapeutic modality for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzam A. Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zaidoon Al-Jaderi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Heilmann RM, Suchodolski JS. Is inflammatory bowel disease in dogs and cats associated with a Th1 or Th2 polarization? Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:131-4. [PMID: 26672910 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity involves complex interactions to generate either immune tolerance or active immune responses. An imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that drive the recruitment of immune cells to the intestinal mucosa are a key characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease in humans, where distinctive helper-T-lymphocyte profiles help to discriminate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This review evaluates the current veterinary literature to determine whether a Th1/Th2 (and possibly also Th17) polarization also exists in canine and feline inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, USA.
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, USA
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9
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Tamura Y, Ohta H, Yokoyama N, Lim SY, Osuga T, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Evaluation of selected cytokine gene expression in colonic mucosa from dogs with idiopathic lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1407-10. [PMID: 24976586 PMCID: PMC4221177 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic
colitis (LPC) is a common form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting the canine
large intestine. Cytokines are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. However,
to date, few studies have investigated cytokine mRNA expression in dogs with LPC. In this
study, we investigated mRNA transcription levels of T helper cell cytokines, such as
IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α,
IL-8, IL-12 and IL-23, in colonic mucosa from LPC dogs by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.
No significant differences were detected in cytokine mRNA expressions between dogs with
LPC and controls, except for IL-23p19. Dogs with LPC failed to express a predominant
cytokine profile in inflamed colonic mucosa as opposed to human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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10
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Maeda S, Ohno K, Uchida K, Igarashi H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Tsujimoto H. Intestinal protease-activated receptor-2 and fecal serine protease activity are increased in canine inflammatory bowel disease and may contribute to intestinal cytokine expression. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1119-27. [PMID: 24829081 PMCID: PMC4155192 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases elicit
cellular responses via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) which is known to regulate
inflammation and the immune response. Although the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to
large amounts of proteolytic enzymes, the role of PAR-2 in canine inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects
of PAR-2 activation on inflammatory cytokine/chemokine gene expression in canine intestine
and the expression of intestinal PAR-2 and fecal serine protease activity in dogs with
IBD. Duodenal biopsies from healthy dogs were cultured and treated ex
vivo with trypsin or PAR-2 agonist peptide, and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine
gene expression in the tissues was then quantified by real-time PCR. PAR-2 mRNA and
protein expression levels in the duodenal mucosa were examined by real-time PCR and
immunohistochemistry, respectively. Fecal serine protease activity was determined by
azocasein assay. In ex vivo-cultured duodenum, trypsin and PAR-2 agonist
peptide induced significant up-regulation of mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1 β
(IL-1β), IL-8, mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC) and fractalkine, and this
up-regulation was inhibited by a serine protease inhibitor. Duodenal PAR-2 mRNA and
protein expression levels were higher in dogs with IBD than in healthy control dogs. Fecal
serine protease activity was significantly elevated in dogs with IBD, and the level of
activity correlated positively with the clinical severity score. These results suggest
that PAR-2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IBD by inducing expression of
inflammatory mediators in response to luminal serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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11
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Chen Z, Kim SJ, Essani AB, Volin MV, Vila OM, Swedler W, Arami S, Volkov S, Sardin LV, Sweiss N, Shahrara S. Characterising the expression and function of CCL28 and its corresponding receptor, CCR10, in RA pathogenesis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1898-906. [PMID: 24833787 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the expression pattern, regulation and function of CCL28 and CCR10 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. METHODS Expression of CCL28 and CCR10 was assessed in RA compared with other arthritis synovial tissues (STs) or fluids (SFs) by histology or ELISA. The factors modulating CCL28 and CCR10 expression were identified in RA myeloid and endothelial cells by ELISA, FACS and Western blotting. The mechanism by which CCL28 ligation promotes RA angiogenesis was examined in control and CCR10-knockdown endothelial cell chemotaxis and capillary formation. RESULTS CCL28 and/or CCR10 expression levels were accentuated in STs and SFs of patients with joint disease compared with normal controls and they were predominately coexpressed in RA myeloid and endothelial cells. We show that protein expression of CCL28 and CCR10 was modulated by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and toll-like receptor 4 ligation in RA monocytes and endothelial cells and by interleukin (IL)-6 stimulation in RA macrophages. Neutralisation of CCL28 in RA SF or blockade of CCR10 on human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) significantly reduced SF-induced endothelial migration and capillary formation, demonstrating that ligation of joint CCL28 to endothelial CCR10+ cells is involved in RA angiogenesis. We discovered that angiogenesis driven by ligation of CCL28 to CCR10 is linked to the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) cascade, as CCR10-knockdown cells exhibit dysfunctional CCL28-induced ERK signalling, chemotaxis and capillary formation. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of CCL28 and CCR10 in RA ST and their contribution to EPC migration into RA joints support the CCL28/CCR10 cascade as a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seung-Jae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Abdul B Essani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Midwestern University, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Olga M Vila
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William Swedler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shiva Arami
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suncica Volkov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Latriese V Sardin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Okanishi H, Kabeya H, Maruyama S, Kagawa Y, Watari T. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and cell adhesion molecule mRNA expression in duodenal mucosa of dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 154:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Maeda S, Ohno K, Uchida K, Nakashima K, Fukushima K, Tsukamoto A, Nakajima M, Fujino Y, Tsujimoto H. Decreased immunoglobulin A concentrations in feces, duodenum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 27:47-55. [PMID: 23216572 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a key role in regulating gut homeostasis, its role in canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown. HYPOTHESIS IgA expression may be altered in dogs with IBD, unlike that observed in healthy dogs and dogs with other gastrointestinal diseases. ANIMALS Thirty-seven dogs with IBD, 10 dogs with intestinal lymphoma, and 20 healthy dogs. METHODS Prospective study. IgA and IgG concentrations in serum, feces, and duodenal samples were measured by ELISA. IgA(+) cells in duodenal lamina propria and IgA(+) CD21(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, respectively. Duodenal expression of the IgA-inducing cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), B cell activating factor (BAFF), and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared to healthy dogs, dogs with IBD had significantly decreased concentrations of IgA in fecal and duodenal samples. The number of IgA(+) CD21(+) PBMCs and IgA(+) cells in duodenal lamina propria was significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs or dogs with intestinal lymphoma. Duodenal BAFF and APRIL mRNA expression was significantly higher in IBD dogs than in the healthy controls. Duodenal TGF-β mRNA expression was significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs and dogs with intestinal lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE IBD dogs have decreased IgA concentrations in feces and duodenum and fewer IgA(+) PBMCs, which might contribute to development of chronic enteritis in dogs with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Maeda S, Ohno K, Nakamura K, Uchida K, Nakashima K, Fukushima K, Tsukamoto A, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Tsujimoto H. Mucosal imbalance of interleukin-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in canine inflammatory bowel disease. Vet J 2012; 194:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Larrosa M, González-Sarrías A, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT. Intestinal ellagitannin metabolites ameliorate cytokine-induced inflammation and associated molecular markers in human colon fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8866-8876. [PMID: 22463485 DOI: 10.1021/jf300290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate ellagitannins (ETs) are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid (EA) and its microbiota metabolites, urolithin A (Uro-A) and urolithin B (Uro-B). These compounds exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Uro-A, Uro-B, and EA on colon fibroblasts, cells that play a key role in intestinal inflammation. CCD18-Co colon fibroblasts were exposed to a mixture of Uro-A, Uro-B, and EA, at concentrations comparable to those found in the colon (40 μM Uro-A, 5 μM Uro-B, 1 μM EA), both in the presence or in the absence of IL-1β (1 ng/mL) or TNF-α (50 ng/mL), and the effects on fibroblast migration and monocyte adhesion were determined. The levels of several growth factors and adhesion cytokines were also measured. The mixture of metabolites significantly inhibited colon fibroblast migration (∼70%) and monocyte adhesion to fibroblasts (∼50%). These effects were concomitant with a significant down-regulation of the levels of PGE(2), PAI-1, and IL-8, as well as other key regulators of cell migration and adhesion. Of the three metabolites tested, Uro-A exhibited the most significant anti-inflammatory effects. The results show that a combination of the ET metabolites found in colon, urolithins and EA, at concentrations achievable in the intestine after the consumption of pomegranate, was able to moderately improve the inflammatory response of colon fibroblasts and suggest that consumption of ET-containing foods has potential beneficial effects on gut inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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16
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CCR10 and its ligands in regulation of epithelial immunity and diseases. Protein Cell 2012; 3:571-80. [PMID: 22684736 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues covering the external and internal surface of a body are constantly under physical, chemical or biological assaults. To protect the epithelial tissues and maintain their homeostasis, multiple layers of immune defense mechanisms are required. Besides the epithelial tissue-resident immune cells that provide the first line of defense, circulating immune cells are also recruited into the local tissues in response to challenges. Chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate tissue-specific migration, maintenance and functions of immune cells. Among them, chemokine receptor CCR10 and its ligands chemokines CCL27 and CCL28 are uniquely involved in the epithelial immunity. CCL27 is expressed predominantly in the skin by keratinocytes while CCL28 is expressed by epithelial cells of various mucosal tissues. CCR10 is expressed by various subsets of innate-like T cells that are programmed to localize to the skin during their developmental processes in the thymus. Circulating T cells might be imprinted by skin-associated antigen- presenting cells to express CCR10 for their recruitment to the skin during the local immune response. On the other hand, IgA antibody-producing B cells generated in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues express CCR10 for their migration and maintenance at mucosal sites. Increasing evidence also found that CCR10/ligands are involved in regulation of other immune cells in epithelial immunity and are frequently exploited by epithelium-localizing or -originated cancer cells for their survival, proliferation and evasion from immune surveillance. Herein, we review current knowledge on roles of CCR10/ligands in regulation of epithelial immunity and diseases and speculate on related important questions worth further investigation.
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Catchpole B, Allenspach K. Canine inflammatory bowel disease: does innate immunity fail to discriminate between friend and foe? Vet J 2012; 194:7-8. [PMID: 22513299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the canine chemokine receptor CCR9. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 145:534-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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