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Siddiq A, Naveed AK, Ghaffar N, Aamir M, Ahmed N. Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto's Thyroid Autoimmune Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050853. [PMID: 37241088 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Hashimoto's disease and the key role of vitamin D levels among selected patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 participants including healthy controls and patients were studied in the current study in which 118 were female and 26 were male. The thyroid profile was evaluated in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and healthy controls. Results: The mean ± SD Free T4 in the patients was recorded as 14.0 ± 4.9 pg/mL, and TSH was 7.6 ± 2.5 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 285 ± 142. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were 160 ± 63.5, whereas in the healthy controls, the mean ± SD Free T4 was recorded as 17.2 ± 2.1 pg/mL, and TSH was 2.1 ± 1.4 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR anti-TGs were 56.30 ± 46.06, and anti-TPO was 5.6 ± 5.12. The assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines (pg/mL) and total Vitamin D levels (nmol/L) in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was recorded with values IL-1B 6.2 ± 0.8, IL-6 9.4 ± 0.4, IL-8 7.5 ± 0.5, IL-10 4.3 ± 0.1, IL-12 3.8 ± 0.5, TNF-α 7.6 ± 1.1, and total vitamin D 21.89 ± 3.5, whereas in healthy controls the mean ± SD IL-1B was 0.6 ± 0.1, IL-6 2.6 ± 0.5, IL-8 3.0 ± 1.2, IL-10 3.3 ± 1.3, IL-12 3.4 ± 0.4, TNF-α 1.4 ± 0.3 and total vitamin D was 42.26 ± 5.5. Conclusions: It was found that individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had raised serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α as compared to the healthy controls, whereas the total vitamin D levels were remarkably low as compared to health controls. Serum TSH, anti-TG, and anti-TPO levels were typically lower in controls and much higher in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The current study's findings might aid in future studies and in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Siddiq
- Pathology Department, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq Naveed
- Pathology Department, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Ghaffar
- Department of Medical Education, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Pathology Department, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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Wu Q, Li S, Li R, Chen X, Guo L, Zheng Y. The detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines in exudates from dental pulp tissues. Cytokine 2022; 153:155846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Cytometry Multiplex Bead Antibody Array. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33237410 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1064-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The flow cytometry-based multiplex bead array is an advanced technology using antibody-conjugated multiplex beads to detect soluble targets in a liquid phase. This technology has been widely used for detection of soluble analytes like cytokines, chemokines, allergens, viral antigens, and cancer markers. RayPlex® Multiplex Beads Antibody Array series are developed by RayBiotech Life, Inc. to quantitatively detect a wide range of analytes with high sensitivity to meet increasing need of research and diagnosis.
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Solanki KS, Varshney R, Qureshi S, Thomas P, Singh R, Agrawal A, Chaudhuri P. Non-infectious outer membrane vesicles derived from Brucella abortus S19Δper as an alternative acellular vaccine protects mice against virulent challenge. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107148. [PMID: 33189614 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The prime human and animal safety issues accentuate the search of promising newer alternative vaccine candidates to resolve complications associated with the live attenuated Brucella abortus strain19 (S19) vaccine. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs S19 Δper) extracted from Brucella abortus S19Δper (S19Δper) as an alternative subunit vaccine candidate has been explored in the present study as OMVs are endowed with immunogenic molecules, including LPS and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and do not cause infection by virtue of being an acellular entity. The LPS defective S19Δper released a higher amount of OMVs than its parent strain S19. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), OMVs were seen as nano-sized outward bulge from the surface of Brucella. Dynamic light scattering analysis of OMVs revealed that OMVs S19Δper showed the less polydispersity index (PDI) than OMVs S19 pointing towards relatively more homogenous OMVs populations. Both OMVs S19Δper and OMVs S19 with or without booster dose and S19 vaccine were used for immunization of mice and subsequently challenged with 2 × 105 CFU virulent Brucella abortus strain 544 (S544) to assess protective efficacy of vaccines. The less splenic weight index and less S544 count in OMVs immunized mice in comparison to unimmunized mice after S544 challenge clearly indicated good protective efficacy of OMVs. OMVs S19 Δper induced relatively high titer of IgG than OMVs S19 but conferred nearly equal protection against brucellosis. An ELISA based determination of IgG and its isotype response, Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) based quantitation of serum cytokines and FACS based enumeration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells revealed high titer of IgG, production of both Th1 (IgG2a) and Th2 (IgG1) related antibodies, stimulation of IL-2, TNF (Th1) and IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 (Th2) cytokines, and induced T cell response suggested that OMVs S19Δper elicited Th1 and Th2 type immune response and ensured protection against S544 challenge in murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushal Singh Solanki
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh 231001, India.
| | - Salauddin Qureshi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Khalsa College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab 143001, India.
| | - Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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5
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Hall SA, Ison SH, Owles C, Coe J, Sandercock DA, Zanella AJ. Development and validation of a multiplex fluorescent microsphere immunoassay assay for detection of porcine cytokines. MethodsX 2019; 6:1218-1227. [PMID: 31193967 PMCID: PMC6545349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are cell signalling proteins that mediate a number of different physiological responses. The accurate measurement of cytokine profiles is important for a variety of diagnostic and prognostic scenarios in relation to animal health and welfare. Simultaneous quantification of cytokine profiles in a single sample is now possible using fluorescent microsphere immunoassays (FMIA). We describe the development and validation of a novel multiplex assay using the Bio-Plex® 200 system to quantify cytokines in five different porcine tissues (brain, placenta, synovial tissue and fluid, plasma). The cytokine profiles are both tissue, and research hypothesis, -dependent but include Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). This methods paper is reported in two parts: the development of a FMIA for porcine tissues and validation of pre-treatment for optimal cytokine recovery in porcine brain, placenta, synovial tissue and plasma. Validation steps are critical in ensuring an assay is suitable for novel sample types. This technique advances traditional ELISAs by: FMIA provides insight into the profiles of multiple porcine cytokines in certain situations (e.g. disease, parturition). Use of the Bio-Plex® 200 system to investigate novel sample types, including brain, placenta and synovial tissue. Multiplexing utilises a fraction of the sample volume compared with multiple ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hall
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S H Ison
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,World Animal Protection, United Kingdom
| | - C Owles
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, United Kingdom
| | - J Coe
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - A J Zanella
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus Pirassununga, Brazil
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Guan T, Hu S, Han Y, Wang R, Zhu Q, Hu Y, Fan H, Zhu T. The effects of facemasks on airway inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy young adults: a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:30. [PMID: 29973251 PMCID: PMC6032602 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Facemasks are increasingly worn during air pollution episodes in China, but their protective effects are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the filtration efficiencies of N95 facemasks and the cardiopulmonary benefits associated with wearing facemasks during episodes of pollution. Results We measured the filtration efficiencies of particles in ambient air of six types of N95 facemasks with a manikin headform. The most effective one was used in a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover study, involving 15 healthy young adults, conducted during 2 days of severe pollution in Beijing, China. Subjects were asked to walk along a busy-traffic road for 2 h wearing authentic or sham N95 facemasks. Clinical tests were performed four times to determine changes in the levels of biomarkers of airway inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress within 24 h after exposure. The facemasks removed 48–75% of number concentrations of ambient air particles between 5.6 and 560 nm in diameter. After adjustments for multiple comparison, the exhaled nitric oxide level and the levels of interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in exhaled breath condensate increased significantly in all subjects; however, the increases in those wearing authentic facemasks were statistically significantly lower than in the sham group. No significant between-group difference was evident in the urinary creatinine-corrected malondialdehyde level. In arterial stiffness indicators, the ejection duration of subjects wearing authentic facemasks was higher after exposure compared to the sham group; no significant between-group difference was found in augmentation pressure or the augmentation index. Conclusions In young healthy adults, N95 facemasks partially reduced acute particle-associated airway inflammation, but neither systemic oxidative stress nor endothelial dysfunction improved significantly. The clinical significance of these findings long-term remains to be determined. Trial registration The trial registration number (TRN) for this study is ChiCTR1800016099, which was retrospectively registered on May 11, 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0266-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjia Guan
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.,School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Songhe Hu
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qindan Zhu
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaoqian Hu
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hanqing Fan
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-EAST and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Rodrigues V, Baudier JB, Chantal I. Development of a bead-based multiplexed assay for simultaneous quantification of five bovine cytokines by flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2017; 91:901-907. [PMID: 28700121 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying cytokines is extremely important in studies of host-pathogen interactions. Multiplex assays are commercially available but only for human and mouse cytokines. Here a method for the simultaneous quantification of five important bovine cytokines IFNγ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and TNFα in cell culture supernatants, using flow cytometry was reported. Functional beads from BD Biosciences expressing specific APC intensity were used. Commercially available antibodies against bovine cytokines were covalently coupled to beads as capture antibodies. Fixed recombinant cytokines were revealed with a second monoclonal antibody coupled with biotin, then revealed with streptavidin-PE. This complex was analyzed using a standard flow cytometer. Experiments were performed to check no cross reactions had occurred. The limits of detection ranged between 0.08 and 0.4 ng/ml depending on the cytokine, and the linearity between the lower and higher limits was remarkable (R2 > 99.8%). Finally, native cytokines from cell culture supernatants were tested. Results were compared using the standard ELISA test and showed that concentrations of native cytokine in cell culture supernatants were comparable with the two methods, with a wider dynamic range using beads and flow cytometry than with ELISA assays. Bovine IFNγ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and TNFα in culture supernatants can be now simultaneously detected in a single assay, using a standard flow cytometer for both basic and high-throughput analyses. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Yao M, Gao W, Tao H, Yang J, Huang T. The regulation effects of danofloxacin on pig immune stress induced by LPS. Res Vet Sci 2016; 110:65-71. [PMID: 28159239 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Danofloxacin (DAN) is one of the Fluoroquinolone drugs (FQs) that has been widely used in the control and prevention of bacterial infectious disease in animal production. Most of the FQs have an obvious protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Immune stress. However, the effect of DAN on the host immune system of animals remains unknown. In this study, a fever piglet model was built and a systematic survey of the response of inflammatory genes and mediators to DAN treatment and LPS induction was performed in the pig. The results indicated that the IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NO (nitric oxide), and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) levels were significantly suppressed in plasma and porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/2 cells compared with the LPS treatment group. Interestingly, the IL-10 production was further stimulated by DAN treatment in the LPS challenged piglet. Our results suggested that DAN could relieve acute inflammation through inhibiting the activation of inflammatory genes introduced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Hengxun Tao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Tinghua Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
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9
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Signal Improvement Strategies for Fluorescence Detection of Biomacromolecules. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1131-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rapid Detection of Ochratoxin A in Malt by Cytometric Bead Array Based on Indirect Competition Principle. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bost KL, Piller KJ, Odle J, Stahl CH. A Sublethal Swine Model for Defining In Vivo Superantigen-Induced Responses Following Exposure to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1396:115-124. [PMID: 26676042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3344-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo responses to bacterially derived superantigen-like toxins have been difficult to define due to the inherent limitations with rodent models and the relevance that the results obtained from such models may, or may not, have for human pathophysiology. Further the use of challenge doses of superantigen toxins that are lethal or supra-lethal complicates analogies to human exposures which are rarely fatal. Here, we utilize the superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, at doses that are sublethal in a swine model of toxin-induced incapacitation. Relevant dosing using an animal species for which this toxin is a true superantigen distinguishes this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Bost
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Kenneth J Piller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Chad H Stahl
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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12
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Wyns H, Croubels S, Vandekerckhove M, Demeyere K, De Backer P, Goddeeris B, Meyer E. Multiplex analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:45-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Gao Y, Pallister J, Lapierre F, Crameri G, Wang LF, Zhu Y. A rapid assay for Hendra virus IgG antibody detection and its titre estimation using magnetic nanoparticles and phycoerythrin. J Virol Methods 2015; 222:170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Karanikola SN, Krücken J, Ramünke S, de Waal T, Höglund J, Charlier J, Weber C, Müller E, Kowalczyk SJ, Kaba J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Demeler J. Development of a multiplex fluorescence immunological assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against Cooperia oncophora, Dictyocaulus viviparus and Fasciola hepatica in cattle. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:335. [PMID: 26084663 PMCID: PMC4492007 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major constraint for the effective control and management of helminth parasites is the lack of rapid, high-throughput, routine diagnostic tests to assess the health status of individual animals and herds and to identify the parasite species responsible for these helminthoses. The capability of a multiplex platform for the simultaneous detection of three pasture associated parasite species was evaluated and compared to existing ELISAs. Methods The recombinant antigens 14.2 kDa ES protein for Cooperia oncophora, major sperm protein for Dictyocaulus viviparus and Cathepsin L1 for Fasciola hepatica were recombinantly expressed either in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris. Antigens were covalently coupled onto magnetic beads. Optimal concentrations for coupling were determined following the examination of serum samples collected from experimentally mono-infected animals, before and after their infection with the target species. Absence of cross-reactivity was further determined with sera from calves mono-infected with Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Examination of negative serum samples was characterised by low median fluorescence intensity (MFI). Results Establishment of the optimal serum dilution of 1:200 was achieved for all three bead sets. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses were performed to obtain cut-off MFI values for each parasite separately. Sensitivity and specificity at the chosen cut-off values were close to, or 100 % for all bead sets. Examination of serum samples collected on different days post infection from different animals showed a high reproducibility of the assays. Serum samples were additionally examined with two already established ELISAs, an in-house ELISA using the recombinant MSP as an antigen and a DRG ELISA using Cathepsin L1 for liver fluke. The results between the assays were compared and kappa tests revealed an overall good agreement. Conclusions A versatile bead-based assay using fluorescence detection (xMAP® technology) was developed to simultaneously detect antibodies against C. oncophora, D. viviparus and F. hepatica in cattle serum samples. This platform provides rapid, high-throughput results and is highly sensitive and specific in comparison to existing serological as well as coproscopical diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia N Karanikola
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Ramünke
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Theo de Waal
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Johan Höglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology (SWEPAR), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johannes Charlier
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Slawomir J Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Kaba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Janina Demeler
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Wyns H, Plessers E, De Backer P, Meyer E, Croubels S. In vivo porcine lipopolysaccharide inflammation models to study immunomodulation of drugs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 166:58-69. [PMID: 26099806 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a structural part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the most effective stimulators of the immune system and has been widely applied in pigs as an experimental model for bacterial infection. For this purpose, a variety of Escherichia coli serotypes, LPS doses, routes and duration of administration have been used. LPS administration induces the acute phase response (APR) and is associated with dramatic hemodynamic, clinical and behavioral changes in pigs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are involved in the induction of the eicosanoid pathway and the hepatic production of acute phase proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp) and pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) play a major role in the development of fever and pulmonary hypertension in LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The LPS-induced APR can be modulated by drugs. Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ((N)SAIDs) possess anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties through (non)-selective central and peripheral cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. Antimicrobial drugs, especially macrolide antibiotics, which are commonly used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases, have been recurrently reported to exert clinically important immunomodulatory effects in human and murine research. To investigate the influence of these drugs on the clinical response, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins (APP) and the course of the febrile response in pigs, in vivo LPS inflammation models can be applied. Yet, to date, in vivo research on the immunomodulatory properties of antimicrobial drugs in these models in pigs is largely lacking. This review provides acritical overview of the use of in vivo porcine E. coli LPS inflammation models for the study of the APR, as well as the potential immunomodulatory properties of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wyns
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - E Plessers
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P De Backer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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16
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Wei H, Tan K, Sun R, Yin L, Zhang J, Pu Y. Aberrant production of Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines in serum of C57BL/6 mice after short-term formaldehyde exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:10036-50. [PMID: 25264680 PMCID: PMC4210965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that formaldehyde (FA) could cause immunotoxicity by changing the number of T lymphocytes and that cytokines play a pivotal role in the regulation of T lymphocytes. However, the previously used cytokine detection methods are difficult to use in the measurement of several cytokines in a small amount of sample for one test. Therefore, the cytometric bead array (CBA) technique was used. CBA showed better analytical efficiency and sensitivity than the previous methods. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the control (normal saline), low FA concentration (0.5 mg/kg), and high FA concentration (2 mg/kg) for 1 week or 1 month. The contents of cytokines, including Th1-related cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), and Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A), were measured by using the BD FACS Canto II Flow Cytometer and analyzed by FCAP ArrayTM Software. Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines showed a slightly decreasing trend after low FA exposure. Conversely, a significantly increasing trend was found after high FA exposure. Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines all serve important functions in the immune reactions in mice after FA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kehong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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17
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Wyns H, Meyer E, Plessers E, Watteyn A, De Baere S, De Backer P, Croubels S. Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2013; 96:160-3. [PMID: 24331716 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of gamithromycin in pigs after an intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) bolus injection of 6 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of gamithromycin were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, and the pharmacokinetics were noncompartmentally analysed. Following i.v. administration, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) and the mean elimination half-life (t1/2λz) were 3.67 ± 0.75 μg.h/mL and 16.03 h, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) and the plasma clearance were 31.03 ± 6.68 L/kg and 1.69 ± 0.33 L/h.kg, respectively. The mean residence time (MRTinf) was 18.84 ± 4.94 h. Gamithromycin administered subcutaneously to pigs demonstrated a rapid and complete absorption, with a mean maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) of 0.41 ± 0.090 μg/ml at 0.63 ± 0.21 h and a high absolute bioavailability of 118%. None of the reported pharmacokinetic variables significantly differed between both administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wyns
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - E Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Plessers
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Watteyn
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S De Baere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P De Backer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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18
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Christopher-Hennings J, Araujo KPC, Souza CJH, Fang Y, Lawson S, Nelson EA, Clement T, Dunn M, Lunney JK. Opportunities for bead-based multiplex assays in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:671-91. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713507256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bead-based multiplex assays (BBMAs) are applicable for high throughput, simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in solution (from several to 50–500 analytes within a single, small sample volume). Currently, few assays are commercially available for veterinary applications, but they are available to identify and measure various cytokines, growth factors and their receptors, inflammatory proteins, kinases and inhibitors, neurobiology proteins, and pathogens and antibodies in human beings, nonhuman primates, and rodent species. In veterinary medicine, various nucleic acid and protein-coupled beads can be used in, or for the development of, antigen and antibody BBMAs, with the advantage that more data can be collected using approximately the same amount of labor as used for other antigen and antibody assays. Veterinary-related BBMAs could be used for detection of pathogens, genotyping, measurement of hormone levels, and in disease surveillance and vaccine assessment. It will be important to evaluate whether BBMAs are “fit for purpose,” how costs and efficiencies compare between assays, which assays are published or commercially available for specific veterinary applications, and what procedures are involved in the development of the assays. It is expected that many veterinary-related BBMAs will be published and/or become commercially available in the next few years. The current review summarizes the BBMA technology and some of the currently available BBMAs developed for veterinary settings. Some of the human diagnostic BBMAs are also described, providing an example of possible templates for future development of new veterinary-related BBMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Christopher-Hennings
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Karla P. C. Araujo
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Carlos J. H. Souza
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Ying Fang
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Steven Lawson
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Eric A. Nelson
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Travis Clement
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Michael Dunn
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Joan K. Lunney
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
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Wyns H, Meyer E, Watteyn A, Plessers E, De Baere S, De Backer P, Croubels S. Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone after intravenous and intramuscular administration in pigs. Vet J 2013; 198:286-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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