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Liu M, Tao M, Li J, Sang M, Wu X, Luo H, Zhang J. Functional of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase with implications in innate immune reponse depend on CXXC active site. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104901. [PMID: 37531973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. The open reading frame of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) GILT (tsGILT) gene is 771 bp long, encoding 257 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 28.465 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.35. After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. The refolded tsGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds against an IgG substrate depend on the active site CXXC motif at residues 75-78. The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. Whether a single mutation or a double mutation of active site CXXC at residues75-78, the 3D structure of tsGILT protein has undergone major changes and lost its activity of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Mingxuan Tao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Ming Sang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Chen L, Gu T, Wu T, Ding L, Ge Q, Zhang Y, Ma S. Proteotranscriptomic Integration analyses reveals new mechanistic insights regarding Bombyx mori fluorosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113414. [PMID: 36174832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The commercial value of silkworms has been widely explored and the effects of fluoride exposure on silkworms' breeding and silk production cannot be ignored. Bombyx mori is a commonly used model to explore the mechanisms of fluorosis. In the present study, we analyzed the differences in physiological and biochemical indicators after exposing larva to NaF, then evaluated differential genes and proteins. Compared to control, larvae exposed to 600 mg L-1 NaF presented decreased bodyweight, damaged midgut tissue, and were accompanied by oxidative stress. The RNA-seq showed 1493 differentially expressed genes (574 upregulated and 919 downregulated). Meanwhile, the TMT detected 189 differentially expressed proteins (133 upregulated and 56 downregulated). The integrative analysis led to 4 upregulated and 9 downregulated genes and proteins. Finally, we hypothesized that fluoride exposure might affect the intestinal digestion of silkworms, inhibit the gene expression of detoxification enzymes and stimulate cellular immune responses. Our current findings provided new insights into insect fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Tongyu Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Ge
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
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Izumida M, Hayashi H, Smith C, Ishibashi F, Suga K, Kubo Y. Antivirus activity, but not thiolreductase activity, is conserved in interferon-gamma-inducible GILT protein in arthropod. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:240-249. [PMID: 34773863 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that gamma-interferon inducible lysosomal thiolreductase (GILT) functions as a host defense factor against retroviruses by digesting disulfide bonds on viral envelope proteins. GILT is widely conserved even in plants and fungi as well as animals. The thiolreductase active site of mammalian GILT is composed of a CXXC amino acid motif, whereas the C-terminal cysteine residue is changed to serine in arthropods including shrimps, crabs, and flies. GILT from Penaeus monodon (PmGILT) also has the CXXS motif instead of the CXXC active site. We demonstrate here that a human GILT mutant (GILT C75S) with the CXXS motif and PmGILT significantly inhibit amphotropic murine leukemia virus vector infection in human cells without alterning its expression level and lysosomal localization, showing that the C-terminal cysteine residue of the active site is not required for the antiviral activity. We have reported that human GILT suppresses HIV-1 particle production by digestion of disulfide bonds on CD63. However, GILT C75S mutant and PmGILT did not digest CD63 disulfide bonds, and had no effect on HIV-1 virion production, suggesting that they do not have thiolreductase activity. Taken together, this study found that antiviral activity, but not thiolreductase activity, is conserved in arthropod GILT proteins. This finding provides a new insight that the common function of GILT is antiviral activity in many animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Izumida
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Medical University Research Administrator, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chris Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Fumito Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koushirou Suga
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kubo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical Medicine and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Wei H, Zhou J, Xu C, Movahedi A, Sun W, Li D, Zhuge Q. Identification and Characterization of an OSH1 Thiol Reductase from Populus Trichocarpa. Cells 2019; 9:E76. [PMID: 31892265 PMCID: PMC7017176 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma-induced lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is abundantly expressed in antigen-presenting cells and participates in the treatment and presentation of antigens by major histocompatibility complex II. Also, GILT catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds, which plays an important role in cellular immunity. (1) Background: At present, the studies of GILT have mainly focused on animals. In plants, GILT homologous gene (Arabidopsis thalianaOSH1: AtOSH1) was discovered in the forward screen of mutants with compromised responses to sulphur nutrition. However, the complete properties and functions of poplar OSH1 are unclear. In addition, CdCl2 stress is swiftly engulfing the limited land resources on which humans depend, restricting agricultural production. (2) Methods: A prokaryotic expression system was used to produce recombinant PtOSH1 protein, and Western blotting was performed to identify its activity. In addition, a simplified version of the floral-dip method was used to transform A. thaliana. (3) Results: Here, we describe the identification and characterization of OSH1 from Populus trichocarpa. The deduced PtOSH1 sequence contained CQHGX2ECX2NX4C and CXXC motifs. The transcript level of PtOSH1 was increased by cadmium (Cd) treatment. In addition, recombinant PtOSH1 reduced disulfide bonds. A stress assay showed that PtOSH1-overexpressing (OE) A. thaliana lines had greater resistance to Cd than wild-type (WT) plants. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in PtOSH1-OE plants were significantly higher than those in WT A. thaliana. These results indicate that PtOSH1 likely plays an important role in the response to Cd by regulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system. (4) Conclusions: PtOSH1 catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds and behaves as a sulfhydryl reductase under acidic conditions. The overexpression of PtOSH1 in A. thaliana promoted root development, fresh weight, and dry weight; upregulated the expression levels of ROS scavenging-related genes; and improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, enhancing plant tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress. This study aimed to provide guidance that will facilitate future studies of the function of PtOSH1 in the response of plants to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, China;
| | - Chen Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Resource Utilization, Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Weibo Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Dawei Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
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Liu M, Liu L, Abbas MN, Kausar S, Zhang JW, Ye ZZ, Qian XY, Zhao XM, Chu SH, Dai LS. Involvement of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103405. [PMID: 31145913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key biological role in the immune responses and involves in the processing of class II MHC-restricted antigen by stimulating disulfide bond reduction in mammals. To determine the biological function of GILT in the innate immune system of crustaceans, we sequenced and cloned GILT gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-GILT). The deduced amino acid sequence of Pc-GILT contained the putative conserved structures of the GILT family proteins: the GILT signature (CQHGX2ECX2NX4C) sequence and the active site (CXXS) motif. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis suggested that a recombinant Pc-GILT protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Pc-GILT transcript level was highest in the hepatopancreas followed by the gut, heart and muscles. Additionally, we analyzed the transcription level of Pc-GILT gene in hepatopancreas of red swamp crayfish under biotic stress conditions. The expression of Pc-GILT gene upregulated after viral (poly I:C) and bacterial (peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide) infection. The suppression of Pc-GILT by double stranded RNA influenced the transcript levels of various immune-related genes. These observations indicate that the Pc-GILT probably plays a key biological role in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, since it modulates the expression of genes associated with immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Bureau, Xuancheng, 242000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ze Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xing-Yi Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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The Functions and Mechanism of a New Oligopeptide BP9 from Avian Bursa on Antibody Responses, Immature B Cell, and Autophagy. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1574383. [PMID: 30723747 PMCID: PMC6339771 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1574383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bursa of Fabricius is an acknowledged central humoral immune organ unique to birds, which is vital to B cell differentiation and antibody production. However, the function and mechanism of the biological active peptide isolated from bursa on B cell development and autophagy were less reported. In this study, we isolated a new oligopeptide with nine amino acids Leu-Met-Thr-Phe-Arg-Asn-Glu-Gly-Thr from avian bursa following RP-HPLC, MODIL-TOP-MS, and MS/MS, which was named after BP9. The results of immunization experiments showed that mice injected with 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL BP9 plus JEV vaccine generated the significant increased antibody levels, compared to those injected with JEV vaccine only. The microarray analysis on the molecular basis of BP9-treated immature B cell showed that vast genes were involved in various immune-related biological processes in BP9-treated WEHI-231 cells, among which the regulation of cytokine production and T cell activation were both major immune-related processes in WEHI-231 cells with BP9 treatment following network analysis. Also, the differentially regulated genes were found to be involved in four significantly enriched pathways in BP9-treated WEHI-231 cells. Finally, we proved that BP9 induced the autophagy formation, regulated the gene and protein expressions related to autophagy in immature B cell, and stimulated AMPK-ULK1 phosphorylation expression. These results suggested that BP9 might be a strong bursal-derived active peptide on antibody response, B cell differentiation, and autophagy in immature B cells, which provided the linking among humoral immunity, B cell differentiation, and autophagy and offered the important reference for the effective immunotherapeutic strategies and immune improvement.
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Hu L, Lu J, Sang M, Zhang S. Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:689-696. [PMID: 26477576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. These results suggest that lbGILT plays a role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ming Sang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Huang WS, Duan LP, Huang B, Zhou LH, Liang Y, Tu CL, Zhang FF, Nie P, Wang T. Identification of three IFN-γ inducible lysosomal thiol reductase ( GILT )-like genes in mud crab Scylla paramamosain with distinct gene organizations and patterns of expression. Gene 2015; 570:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li JF, Li J, Wang ZG, Liu HZ, Zhao YL, Zhang JX, Zhang SQ, Liu JP. Identification of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and its immune response to LPS challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:465-472. [PMID: 25447639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from goldfish (designated gGILT), a kind of precious freshwater fish with high market value. The open reading frame of gGILT consists of 756 bases encoding a protein of 251 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 27.8 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.24. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, a GILT signature sequence, and 10 conserved cysteines. RT-PCR results showed that gGILT and gIFN-γ (goldfish IFN-γ) mRNA were expressed in a tissue-specific manner and obviously up-regulated in splenocytes and the cells from head kidney after induction with LPS. Recombinant gGILT fused with His6 tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Further study revealed that gGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds from intact IgG. This study shows that gGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge and maintain first line of innate immune defense at basal level in goldfish. It also provides the basis for investigating on the role of GILT using goldfish as an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
| | - Jian Li
- The People's No 4 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311225, China
| | - Zhi Guo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Hong Zhen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China
| | - You Long Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China
| | - Jin Xi Zhang
- The People's No 4 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311225, China
| | - Shuang Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China.
| | - Jun Ping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
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Ren C, Chen T, Jiang X, Luo X, Wang Y, Hu C. The first echinoderm gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:41-49. [PMID: 25449705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been described as a key enzyme that facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted antigen in mammals. In this study, the first echinoderm GILT named StmGILT was identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus). The StmGILT cDNA is 1529 bp in length, containing a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 674 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 768 bp that encoding a protein of 255 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 27.82 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 4.73. The putative StmGILT protein possesses all the main characteristics of known GILT proteins, including a signature sequence, a reductase active site CXXC, twelve conserved cysteines, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. For the gene structure, StmGILT contains four exons separated by three introns. In the promoter region of StmGILT gene, an NF-κB binding site and an IFN-γ activation site were found. The thiol reductase activity of recombinant StmGILT protein was also demonstrated in this study. In addition, the highest level of mRNA expression was noticed in coelomocytes of S. monotuberculatus. In in vitro experiments performed in coelomocytes, the expression of StmGILT mRNA was significantly up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), inactivated bacteria or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] challenge, suggested that the sea cucumber GILT might play critical roles in the innate immune defending against bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Xing Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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Kongton K, McCall K, Phongdara A. Identification of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) homologues in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:389-396. [PMID: 24491521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to be involved in the immune response to bacterial challenge in various organisms. However, little is known about GILT function in innate immunity. Drosophila has been commonly used as a model for the study of the innate immune response of invertebrates. Here, we identify the CG9796, CG10157, and CG13822 genes of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as GILT homologues. All deduced Drosophila GILT coding sequences contained the major characteristic features of the GILT protein family: the GILT signature CQHGX2ECX2NX4C sequence and the active site CXXC or CXXS motif. The mRNA transcript levels of the Drosophila GILT genes were up-regulated after Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli DH5α infection. Moreover, a bacterial load assay showed that over-expression of Drosophila GILT in fat body or hemocytes led to a low bacterial colony number whereas knock-down of Drosophila GILT in fat body or hemocytes led to a high bacterial colony number when compared to a wild-type control. These results indicate that the Drosophila GILTs are very likely to play a role in the innate immune response upon bacterial challenge of Drosophila host defense. This study may provide the basis for further study on GILT function in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittima Kongton
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kimberly McCall
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Song J, Liu H, Ma L, Ma L, Gao C, Zhang S. Molecular cloning, expression and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:275-281. [PMID: 24698993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, thus unfolding native protein Ag and facilitating subsequent cleavage by proteases. For this important function in the immune system, we cloned a GILT gene homologue from mandarin fish (designated mGILT), a kind of precious freshwater fish with high market value. Through reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategies, we obtained the full-length cDNA of mGILT, which consists of 1008 bp with a 771 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 256 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of 28.47 kDa. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, a GILT signature sequence, and 6 conserved cysteines. The result of real-time quantitative PCR showed that mGILT mRNA was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, the expression of mGILT mRNA was obviously up-regulated in splenocytes and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recombinant mGILT fused with His6 tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin. Further study revealed that mGILT exhibit thiol reductase activity on IgG substrate. These results suggest mGILT is highly likely to play a role in the immune responses in mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hongzhen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Cuixiang Gao
- Medical Department, Yancheng Institute of Health Sciences, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Medical Department, Yancheng Institute of Health Sciences, Yancheng 224005, China.
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