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Zhang Y, Qiu R, Zhang Z, Almutairi MH, Nawaz S, Dong S. Effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides on the rectal microbiota of mice challenged with lipopolysaccharides. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1446924. [PMID: 39364261 PMCID: PMC11446900 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1446924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal dysfunction poses a severe problem by preventing the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The gut, being the most vital organ for these processes, plays a crucial role in ensuring our body receives the nutrients it needs. We explored the mitigating effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides (MEP) on intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through the modulation of intestinal flora. Methods For this purpose, Kunming mice (KM) were divided into three groups, namely, PC, PM, and PY. Group PY was treated with MEP, while groups PM and PY were induced with LPS. Results The results showed that weight loss in the PM group was significantly greater than that in the PY group (P < 0.05), and the organ indexes of the lung and spleen in the PM group were significantly higher than those in the PC (P < 0.01) and PY (P < 0.05) groups. LPS caused severe injuries in KM mice in the PM group, characterized by broken villi. However, MEP treatment could alleviate this damage in the PY group, resulting in relatively intact villi. The serum analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ) (P < 0.01), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P < 0.01), and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (P < 0.05) levels were significantly higher in the PM group, while IL-10 (P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.01) were significantly lower in that group. Interestingly, supplementation with MEP could lower the levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-10, IL-6, MDA while increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.01) and GSH-Px. The gut microbiota analysis yielded 630,323 raw reads and 554,062 clean reads, identifying 3,390 amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs). One phylum and five genera were notably different among animal groups, including Escherichia_Shigella, Limosilactobacillus, unclassified_Geminicoccaceae, unclassified_Rhodobacteraceae, and Parabacteroides (P. distasonis). Discussion In conclusion, we found that MEP could mitigate the intestinal damage caused by LPS by modulating the inflammatory response, oxidative resistance, and intestinal flora of KM mice. Our results may provide insights into novel treatment options for intestine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Reng Qiu
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shiqi Dong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Govoni S, Fantucci P, Marchesi N, Vertemara J, Pascale A, Allegri M, Calvillo L, Vanoli E. N-Acetylcysteine Antagonizes NGF Activation of TrkA through Disulfide Bridge Interaction, an Effect Which May Contribute to Its Analgesic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:206. [PMID: 38203377 PMCID: PMC10778962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent and an antidote to acetaminophen intoxication, has been studied in experimental conditions and trials exploring its analgesic activity based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate additional mechanisms, namely, the inhibition of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the activation of the Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) receptor, which is responsible for nociception. In silico studies were conducted to evaluate dithiothreitol and NAC's interaction with TrkA. We also measured the autophosphorylation of TrkA in SH-SY5Y cells via ELISA to assess NAC's in vitro activity against NGF-induced TrkA activation. The in silico and in vitro tests show that NAC interferes with NGF-induced TrkA activation. In particular, NAC breaks the disulfide-bound Cys 300-345 of TrkA, perturbing the NGF-TrkA interaction and producing a rearrangement of the binding site, inducing a consequent loss of their molecular recognition and spatial reorganization, which are necessary for the induction of the autophosphorylation process. The latter was inhibited by 40% using 20 mM NAC. These findings suggest that NAC could have a role as a TrkA antagonist, an action that may contribute to the activity and use of NAC in various pain states (acute, chronic, nociplastic) sustained by NGF hyperactivity and/or accompanied by spinal cord sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Piercarlo Fantucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Centre Lémanique de Neuromodulation et Thérapie de la Douleur, Hôpital de Morges, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte (EHC), 1110 Morges, Switzerland;
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emilio Vanoli
- School of Nursing, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Hammerschmidt TG, Donida B, Faverzani JL, Moura AP, Dos Reis BG, Machado AZ, Kessler RG, Sebastião FM, Reinhardt LS, Moura DJ, Vargas CR. Cytokine profile and cholesterol levels in patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease presenting neurological symptoms: The in vivo effect of miglustat and the in vitro effect of N-acetylcysteine and Coenzyme Q10. Exp Cell Res 2022; 416:113175. [PMID: 35487270 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Niemann Pick type C is an inborn error of metabolism (IEM), classified as a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by a dysfunction in NPC transport protein, that leads to intracellular accumulation of non-esterified cholesterol and other lipids. Clinical manifestations are ample, with visceral and neurological symptoms. Miglustat, a molecule that reversibly inhibits glucosylceramide synthase is used as treatment for this disorder. Studies demonstrated the influence of oxidative stress and inflammation in IEM, as well in animal model of NP-C disease. Nonetheless, literature lacks data on patients, so our work aimed to investigate if there is influence of chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of NP-C disease, and the effect of miglustat, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). We evaluated the plasmatic cytokines in NPC patients at diagnosis and during the treatment with miglustat. Additionally, we performed an in vitro study with antioxidants NAC (1 mM and 2.5 mM) and CoQ10 (5 μM and 10 μM), where we could verify its effect on inflammatory parameters, as well as in cholesterol accumulation. Our results showed that NP-C patients have higher plasmatic levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) at diagnosis and the treatment with miglustat was able to restore it. In vitro study showed that treatment with antioxidants in higher concentrations significantly decrease cholesterol accumulation, and NAC at 2.5 mM normalized the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although the mechanism is not completely clear, it can be related to restoration in lipid traffic and decrease in oxidative stress caused by antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane G Hammerschmidt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Donida
- Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica L Faverzani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alana P Moura
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiza S Reinhardt
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dinara J Moura
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen R Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Deng ZX, He ML, Pastor JJ, Tedo G, Liu JX, Wang HF. Olive oil cake extract stabilizes the physiological condition of lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and modulating the ileal microbiome. Food Funct 2021; 12:10171-10183. [PMID: 34529747 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olives are a rich source of compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed to investigate whether a standardized olive cake extract was able to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal villus damage in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Thirty weaned piglets (6.9 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to five groups using a randomized complete block design. Piglets were fed a basal diet before intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of physiological saline (C); fed a basal diet alone (CL) or fed a basal diet plus an olive cake extract (OL), antibiotics (AL), or olive cake extract plus antibiotics (OAL) before i.p. injection of LPS. The feeding period lasted for 2 weeks. Piglets were euthanized 4 h after the LPS injection. Systemic oxidative and inflammatory status and intestinal morphology were evaluated. LPS challenge significantly lowered the serum levels of GSH-Px, SOD and ALB and increased the serum concentration of MDA, NO, LDH, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, DAO and D-xylose (P < 0.05), as extracted from the comparison of piglets in the C and CL groups. Intestinal morphology was altered in the duodenum and ileum, displaying that the CL group had significantly lower villus height (VH), higher crypt depth (CD) and lower VH/CD compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, feed supplementation was able to partially mitigate the negative effects of LPS challenge in all groups (OL, AL, and OAL), as evidenced by the significantly increased serum levels of GSH-Px, SOD, ALB and IL-10 and decreased concentration of MDA, NO, LDH, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, DAO and D-xylose, compared with the CL group (P < 0.05). Alterations in intestinal morphology were also prevented and the OL, AL, and OAL groups had significantly lower CD and higher VH/CD compared with the CL group (P < 0.05), both in the ileum and duodenum. Furthermore, the positive effect in the relative abundance of intestinal Lactobacillus and Clostridium at the genus level was also observed for the OL group compared to the CL group. In summary, dietary supplementation with an olive cake extract stabilized the physiological condition of piglets subjected to an acute LPS challenge by reducing oxidative stress and the inflammatory status, improving intestinal morphology and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria. This trial was registered at Zhejiang University (http://www.lac.zju.edu.cn) as No. ZJU20170529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhao-Xi Deng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mao-Long He
- Innovation Division, Lucta (Guangzhou) Flavours Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jose J Pastor
- Innovation Division, Lucta S. A., UAB Research Park, Edifici Eureka, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gemma Tedo
- Innovation Division, Lucta S. A., UAB Research Park, Edifici Eureka, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fu S, Meng Q, Zhang D, Zuo S, He J, Guo L, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Hu CAA. Effect of Baicalin on Transcriptome Changes in Piglet Vascular Endothelial Cells Induced by a Combination of Glaesserella parasuis and Lipopolysaccharide. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:776-790. [PMID: 34029124 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis causes porcine Glässer's disease and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces acute inflammation and pathological damage. Baicalin has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory functions. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key regulatory functions during bacterial infection. However, the role of lncRNAs in the vascular dysfunction induced by a combination of G. parasuis and LPS during systemic inflammation and the effect of baicalin on lncRNA expression induced in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) by a combination of G. parasuis and LPS have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the changes in lncRNA and mRNA expression induced in PAVECs by G. parasuis, LPS, or a combination of G. parasuis and LPS, and the action of baicalin on lncRNA expression induced in PAVECs by the combination of G. parasuis and LPS. Our results showed 133 lncRNAs and 602 genes were differentially expressed when PAVECs were stimulated with the combination of G. parasuis and LPS, whereas 107 lncRNAs and 936 genes were differentially expressed when PAVECs were stimulated with the combination of G. parasuis and LPS after pretreatment with baicalin. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed the dominant signaling pathways triggered by the combination of G. parasuis and LPS were the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and inositol phosphate metabolism. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed the differentially expressed target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were related to each other. A coexpression analysis indicated the expression levels of the DELs were co-regulated with those of their differentially expressed target genes. This is the first study to systematically compare the changes in lncRNAs and mRNAs in PAVECs stimulated with a combination of G. parasuis and LPS. Our data clarified the mechanisms underlying the vascular inflammation and damage triggered by G. parasuis and LPS, and it may provide novel targets for the treatment of LPS-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sanling Zuo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Wang F, Liu J, Hu X, Zhong Y, Wen F, Tang X, Yang S, Zhong S, Zhou Z, Yuan X, Li Y. The influence on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors and intestinal injury-related molecules in Wahui pigeon induced by lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251462. [PMID: 33979394 PMCID: PMC8115843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intestinal structure is the foundation for various activities and functions in poultry. An important question concerns the changes in the intestinal status under endotoxin stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wahui pigeons. Methods Thirty-six 28-day-old healthy Wahui pigeons were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day for five days, and the control group was treated with the same amount of sterile saline. Blood and the ileum were collected from pigeons on the first, third, and fifth days of the experiment and used for oxidative stress assessment, inflammatory factor detection, histopathological examination, and positive cell localization. In addition, intestinal injury indices and mRNA expression levels (tight junction proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and factors related to autophagy and apoptosis) were evaluated. Results Villi in the ileum were shorter in the LPS group than in the control group, and D-lactic acid levels in the serum were significantly increased. Glutathione and catalase levels significantly decreased, but the malondialdehyde content in the serum increased. TNF-α and IL-10 were detected at higher levels in the serum, with stronger positive signals and higher mRNA expression levels, in the LPS group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and HMGB1 in the inflammatory signaling pathway were also upregulated. Finally, the mRNA expression of Claudin3, Occludin, and ZO-1 was significantly decreased; however, that of Beclin1 and Atg5 was increased in the LPS group. Conclusion Ileal pathological changes and oxidative stress were caused by LPS challenge; it is proposed that this triggering regulates the inflammatory response, causing excessive autophagy and apoptosis, promoting intestinal permeability, and leading to intestinal injury in Wahui pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofen Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Technology Center of Experimental Animals, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoen Tang
- Fuzhou Husbandry Breeding Farm, Linchuan, 344000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengwei Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zuohong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Schoos A, Devreese M, Maes DG. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in porcine health management. Vet Rec 2019; 185:172. [PMID: 31040220 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of inflammation and pain management is an important topic in the welfare of pigs. It is very difficult for veterinary practitioners to choose the most appropriate product for a certain problem. This review aims to summarise and discuss the characteristics of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as paracetamol and metamizole, available for pigs in the European Union. METHODS The databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, CliniPharm CliniTox and European Medicines Agency were searched. Relevant terms (eg,'meloxicam', 'fever', 'swine', 'pig', 'inflammation', 'castration', 'pain') were used to search for original articles, reviews and books. Only peer-reviewed articles were used. References from studies were also analysed in order to find additional relevant studies. CONCLUSION Studies which have investigated the efficacy of NSAIDs for different conditions, using different treatment regimens, are scarce. Most studies focused on the efficacy of NSAID-related pain alleviation in piglet castration, as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of NSAIDs in experimental inflammation models. Little research has been carried out on the use of metamizole, tolfenamic acid, paracetamol and sodium salicylate and their effect in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schoos
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Gd Maes
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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N-acetyl cysteine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of interleukin-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells through the NF-kB signaling pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:149-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Evidence of a Redox-Dependent Regulation of Immune Responses to Exercise-Induced Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2840643. [PMID: 27974950 PMCID: PMC5126438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2840643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We used thiol-based antioxidant supplementation (n-acetylcysteine, NAC) to determine whether immune mobilisation following skeletal muscle microtrauma induced by exercise is redox-sensitive in healthy humans. According to a two-trial, double-blind, crossover, repeated measures design, 10 young men received either placebo or NAC (20 mg/kg/day) immediately after a muscle-damaging exercise protocol (300 eccentric contractions) and for eight consecutive days. Blood sampling and performance assessments were performed before exercise, after exercise, and daily throughout recovery. NAC reduced the decline of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and the increase of plasma protein carbonyls, serum TAC and erythrocyte oxidized glutathione, and TBARS and catalase activity during recovery thereby altering postexercise redox status. The rise of muscle damage and inflammatory markers (muscle strength, creatine kinase activity, CRP, proinflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules) was less pronounced in NAC during the first phase of recovery. The rise of leukocyte and neutrophil count was decreased by NAC after exercise. Results on immune cell subpopulations obtained by flow cytometry indicated that NAC ingestion reduced the exercise-induced rise of total macrophages, HLA+ macrophages, and 11B+ macrophages and abolished the exercise-induced upregulation of B lymphocytes. Natural killer cells declined only in PLA immediately after exercise. These results indicate that thiol-based antioxidant supplementation blunts immune cell mobilisation in response to exercise-induced inflammation suggesting that leukocyte mobilization may be under redox-dependent regulation.
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Yao M, Gao W, Tao H, Yang J, Huang T. The regulation effects of danofloxacin on pig immune stress induced by LPS. Res Vet Sci 2016; 110:65-71. [PMID: 28159239 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Danofloxacin (DAN) is one of the Fluoroquinolone drugs (FQs) that has been widely used in the control and prevention of bacterial infectious disease in animal production. Most of the FQs have an obvious protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Immune stress. However, the effect of DAN on the host immune system of animals remains unknown. In this study, a fever piglet model was built and a systematic survey of the response of inflammatory genes and mediators to DAN treatment and LPS induction was performed in the pig. The results indicated that the IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NO (nitric oxide), and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) levels were significantly suppressed in plasma and porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/2 cells compared with the LPS treatment group. Interestingly, the IL-10 production was further stimulated by DAN treatment in the LPS challenged piglet. Our results suggested that DAN could relieve acute inflammation through inhibiting the activation of inflammatory genes introduced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Hengxun Tao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Tinghua Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
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Guo Q, Cai X, Xu C, Luo Z, Sheng Y, Bao J, Chen X, Xu J. Effects of dietary supplementation with N-acetyl cysteine on antioxidant capacities and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in weaned piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1222244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Knudsen C, Combes S, Mousavikhorshidi H, Oswald I, Gidenne TN. An LPS based method to stimulate the inflammatory response in growing rabbits. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2016.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>Reliable indicators are needed to study the relationship between the inflammatory response of the growing rabbit and breeding factors such as feeding practices. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the inflammatory response is a valid model of bacterial infection in laboratory animals, but no data on the growing rabbit has yet been obtained. The aim of our study was to determine an adequate dose of LPS to inject in growing rabbits in order to elicit a measurable inflammatory response in terms of plasmatic TNF-α and rise in rectal temperature. Three trials were carried out in this study: 2 development trials, the first (n=18) testing 3 doses of LPS (2, 10, 50 μg/kg) on the plasmatic TNF-α concentration at 90 and 180 min post injection, and the second trial (n=36) testing 4 doses of LPS (50, 75, 100 and 150 μg/kg) on the TNF-α concentration 90 min post injection and the rectal temperature. The third trial was designed as an application of the method in a large number of animals (n=32) to study the effect of feed restriction and dietary increase in digestible fibre to starch ratio on the LPS inflammatory challenge response of growing rabbits. In development trials 1 and 2, animals had measurable TNF-α responses for doses higher than 10 μg/kg at 90 min post injection, with an increase in the number of responsive animals along with the dose. High variability was observed in TNF-α concentrations in responsive animals (coefficient of variation from 44 to 94%). Animals demonstrated an increase in rectal temperature for all doses injected in the range of 50-150 μg/kg from 90 min post injection with a peak at 180 min (Δ<sub>Tr </sub>=1.9±0.7°C). Our observations led us to choose a dose of 100 μg/kg of LPS for our following studies, as the responses in terms of temperature and TNF-α were the most satisfactory. The application of our LPS injection protocol to our nutritional study enabled us to validate our protocol (Δ<sub>Tr </sub>=1.1±0.7°C at 180 min and 15/32 TNF-α responsive animals) even though we were not able to demonstrate any effect of the feeding level or diet on the inflammatory response to an LPS injection.</p><p> </p>
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Ye C, Li S, Yao W, Xu L, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Hou Y. The anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in LPS-challenged piglet mononuclear phagocytes. Innate Immun 2016; 22:196-204. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425916631032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of baicalin on LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammatory pathway were investigated in piglet mononuclear phagocytes (control, LPS stimulation, LPS stimulation + 12.5 µg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 25 µg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 50 µg/ml baicalin and LPS stimulation + 100 µg/ml baicalin). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as the protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 p20 were significantly increased after LPS-challenge in vitro. However, LPS stimulation did not influence apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 mRNA levels, which are also components of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Baicalin at 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml could inhibit the production of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18, and down-regulate mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as expression of cleaved caspase-1 p20. These results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin occurred via the regulation of the release of ROS and mRNA expression of NLRP3. The anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin could be related to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway under LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Sali Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Wenxu Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
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McClendon CJ, Gerald CL, Waterman JT. Farm animal models of organic dust exposure and toxicity: insights and implications for respiratory health. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:137-44. [PMID: 25636160 PMCID: PMC4783132 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Modern food animal production is a major contributor to the global economy, owing to advanced intensive indoor production facilities aimed at increasing market readiness and profit. Consequences of these advances are accumulation of dusts, gases, and microbial products that diminish air quality within production facilities. Chronic inhalation exposure contributes to onset and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms and diseases in animals and workers. This article reviews literature regarding constituents of farm animal production facility dusts, animal responses to production building and organic dust exposure, and the effect of chronic inhalation exposure on pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Porcine models of production facility and organic dust exposures reveal striking similarities to observations of human cells, tissues, and clinical data. Oxidative stress plays a key role in mediating respiratory diseases in animals and humans, and enhancement of antioxidant levels through nutritional supplements can improve respiratory health. SUMMARY Pigs are well adapted to the exposures common to swine production buildings and thus serve as excellent models for facility workers. Insight for understanding mechanisms governing organic dust associated respiratory diseases may come from parallel comparisons between farmers and the animals they raise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakia J. McClendon
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
| | - Carresse L. Gerald
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jenora T. Waterman
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
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Liu Y, Yao W, Xu J, Qiu Y, Cao F, Li S, Yang S, Yang H, Wu Z, Hou Y. The anti-inflammatory effects of acetaminophen and N-acetylcysteine through suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in LPS-challenged piglet mononuclear phagocytes. Innate Immun 2015; 21:587-97. [PMID: 25575547 DOI: 10.1177/1753425914566205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (AAP) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been found to have anti-inflammatory effects via the TLR-NF-κB pathway in LPS-challenged piglets. However, the action mechanisms employed by AAP and NAC have yet to be completely understood. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of AAP and NAC on LPS-induced inflammatory responses via the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in piglet mononuclear phagocytes. The results show that mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3, as well as the protein level of cleaved caspase-1, are significantly increased after LPS challenge in vitro. LPS stimulation did not change ASC and caspase-1 mRNA levels, which were components of NLRP3 inflammasome complex. AAP (0.5-1.0 mM) and NAC (0.5-1.0 mM) used individually or in combination could down-regulate protein expression of cleaved caspase-1 and mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3. NAC could significantly enhance the above inhibition actions of AAP. The combined use of AAP plus NAC had better inhibition action on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of AAP and NAC occur via the regulation on mRNA expression of NLRP3 and activation of caspase-1. The anti-inflammatory activity of AAP and NAC could be related to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway under LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenxu Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Sali Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hailan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, PR China
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