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Drexel VEM, Göbel TW, Früh SP. Characterization of a novel chicken γδ TCR-specific marker. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 161:105250. [PMID: 39159844 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Chickens are a species with a high number of γδ T cells in various tissues. Despite their abundance, γδ T cells are poorly characterized in chickens, partially due to a lack of specific reagents to characterize these cells. Up until now, the TCR1 clone has been the only γδ T cell-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) in chickens and additional reagents for γδ T cell subsets are needed. In order to address this issue, new mAb were generated in our laboratory by immunizing mice with in vitro cultured γδ T cells. In an initial flow cytometric screen a new mAb, clone "8D2", displayed an interesting staining pattern that mirrored γδ TCR up- and downregulation in the γδ T cell line D4 over time, prompting us to characterize this antibody further. We compared the expression of the unknown 8D2 epitope in combination with TCR1 staining across various primary cells. In splenocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, 8D2 consistently labeled a subset of TCR1+ cells. To determine, whether specific γδ T cell receptors were recognized by 8D2, we sorted γδ T cells according to their 8D2 and TCR1 expression and analyzed their TCR V(D)J gene usage by TCR profiling. Strikingly, sorted 8D2+ cells preferentially expressed Vγ3 genes, whereas the TCR Vγ genes used by TCR1+ 8D2- cells were more variable. γδ TCR in 8D2+ cells were most frequently comprised of gamma chain VJ genes TRGV3-8 and TRGJ3, and delta chain VDJ genes TRDV1-2, TRDD2, TRDJ1. To confirm binding of 8D2 to specific γδ TCR, the preferentially utilized combination of TRG and TRD was expressed in HEK293 cells in combination with CD3, demonstrating surface binding of the 8D2 mAb to this Vγ3 γδ TCR-expressing cell line. Conversely, HEK293 cells expressing either Vγ1 or Vγ2 TCR did not react with 8D2. In conclusion, 8D2 is a novel tool for identifying specific Vγ3 bearing γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika E M Drexel
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, LMU Munich, Lena-Christ-Straße 48, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, LMU Munich, Lena-Christ-Straße 48, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Simon P Früh
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, LMU Munich, Lena-Christ-Straße 48, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, FU Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Härtle S, Sutton K, Vervelde L, Dalgaard TS. Delineation of chicken immune markers in the era of omics and multicolor flow cytometry. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1385400. [PMID: 38846783 PMCID: PMC11156169 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1385400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry is a routine method in immunological studies incorporated in biomedical, veterinary, agricultural, and wildlife research and routinely used in veterinary clinical laboratories. Its use in the diagnostics of poultry diseases is still limited, but due to the continuous expansion of reagents and cost reductions, this may change in the near future. Although the structure and function of the avian immune system show commonalities with mammals, at the molecular level, there is often low homology across species. The cross-reactivity of mammalian immunological reagents is therefore low, but nevertheless, the list of reagents to study chicken immune cells is increasing. Recent improvement in multicolor antibody panels for chicken cells has resulted in more detailed analysis by flow cytometry and has allowed the discovery of novel leukocyte cell subpopulations. In this article, we present an overview of the reagents and guidance needed to perform multicolor flow cytometry using chicken samples and common pitfalls to avoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Härtle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kate Sutton
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tina S. Dalgaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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3
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Bagheri S, Paudel S, Wijewardana V, Kangethe RT, Cattoli G, Hess M, Liebhart D, Mitra T. Production of interferon gamma and interleukin 17A in chicken T-cell subpopulations hallmarks the stimulation with live, irradiated and killed avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104408. [PMID: 35390358 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis with different clinical manifestations. The disease is associated with compromised animal welfare and results in substantial economic losses in poultry production worldwide. So far, immunological mechanisms of protection against colibacillosis are not comprehensively resolved. Therefore, the present study aimed to use an ex vivo model applying chicken mononuclear cells stimulated by live and inactivated APEC. For this purpose, an 8-color flow cytometry panel was set up to target viable chicken immune cells including CD45+, CD8α+, CD4+, TCR-γδ+, Bu-1+ cells and monocytes/macrophages along with the cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or interleukin 17A (IL-17A). The 8-color flow cytometry panel was applied to investigate the effect of live and two different types of inactivated APEC (formalin-killed APEC and irradiated APEC) on the cellular immune response. For that, mononuclear cells from spleen, lung and blood of 10-week-old specific pathogen-free layer birds were isolated and stimulated with live, irradiated or killed APEC. Intracellular cytokine staining and RT-qPCR assays were applied for the detection of IFN-γ and IL-17A protein level, as well as at mRNA level for spleenocytes. Ex vivo stimulation of isolated splenocytes, lung and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chickens with live, irradiated or killed APEC showed an increasing number of IFN-γ and IL-17A producing cells at protein and mRNA level. Phenotyping of the cells from blood and organs revealed that IFN-γ and IL-17A were mainly produced by CD8α+, TCR-γδ+ T cells as well as CD4+ T cells following stimulation with APEC. Expression level of cytokines were very similar following stimulation with live and irradiated APEC but lower when killed APEC were applied. Consequently, in the present study, an ex vivo model using mononuclear cells of chickens was applied to investigate the cellular immune response against APEC. The results suggest the relevance of IFN-γ and IL-17A production in different immune cells following APEC infection in chickens which needs to be further investigated in APEC primed birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bagheri
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Surya Paudel
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Thiga Kangethe
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Huang F, Dai C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ru G. Development of Molecular Mechanisms and Their Application on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889403. [PMID: 35860357 PMCID: PMC9289221 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by the destruction or mutation of cellular genetic materials induced by environmental or genetic factors. It is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation and abnormality of the apoptotic pathways. The majority of human malignancies are characterized by distant metastasis and dissemination. Currently, the most common means of cancer treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which usually damage healthy cells and cause toxicity in patients. Targeted therapy is an effective tumor treatment method with few side effects. At present, some targeted therapeutic drugs have achieved encouraging results in clinical studies, but finding an effective solution to improve the targeting and delivery efficiency of these drugs remains a challenge. In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been used to direct the tumor-targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a solid oncolytic agent capable of directly killing tumor cells and increasing tumor antigen exposure. Simultaneously, NDV can trigger the proliferation of tumor-specific immune cells and thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of NDV in cancer. Based on NDV’s inherent oncolytic activity and the stimulation of antitumor immune responses, the combination of NDV and other tumor therapy approaches can improve the antitumor efficacy while reducing drug toxicity, indicating a broad application potential. We discussed the biological properties of NDV, the antitumor molecular mechanisms of oncolytic NDV, and its application in the field of tumor therapy in this review. Furthermore, we presented new insights into the challenges that NDV will confront and suggestions for increasing NDV’s therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjing Dai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youni Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
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Hao X, Zhang F, Yang Y, Shang S. The Evaluation of Cellular Immunity to Avian Viral Diseases: Methods, Applications, and Challenges. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794514. [PMID: 34950125 PMCID: PMC8689181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular immune responses play critical roles in the control of viral infection. However, the immune protection against avian viral diseases (AVDs), a major challenge to poultry industry, is yet mainly evaluated by measuring humoral immune response though antibody-independent immune protection was increasingly evident in the development of vaccines against some of these diseases. The evaluation of cellular immune response to avian viral infection has long been neglected due to limited reagents and methods. Recently, with the availability of more immunological reagents and validated approaches, the evaluation of cellular immunity has become feasible and necessary for AVD. Herein, we reviewed the methods used for evaluating T cell immunity in chickens following infection or vaccination, which are involved in the definition of different cellular subset, the analysis of T cell activation, proliferation and cytokine secretion, and in vitro culture of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T cells. The pros and cons of each method were discussed, and potential future directions to enhance the studies of avian cellular immunity were suggested. The methodological improvement and standardization in analyzing cellular immune response in birds after viral infection or vaccination would facilitate the dissection of mechanism of immune protection and the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics against AVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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6
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Azizi MR, Asli E, Behroozikhah AM, Khalesi B. Flow Cytometric Evaluation of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell Immune Response in SPF Chickens Induced by Fowlpox Vaccine. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:429-436. [PMID: 34824736 PMCID: PMC8605856 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2020.343514.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fowlpox (FP) is a viral disease that is widely distributed throughout the world. The disease has an economic impact on the poultry industry, and its prevalence has even been reported in vaccinated flocks. The present study used flow cytometry to evaluate the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune response of chicks induced by FP vaccine. 120 specific pathogen-free (SPF) 21-day-old chicks were randomly divided into three groups of 40. One group was used as negative control with PBS inoculation, the other two groups were inoculated with the local fowlpox vaccine produced by Razi Institute and commercial FP vaccines, and they were kept for five weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated using Ficoll-Hypaque density gradients and the percentages of CD3+, CD3+, CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Seven days post-immunization, a maximum (90-100%) swelling formation ("take") on the vaccination site was observed. The ratios of CD4+ to CD8+ T-lymphocytes in both vaccinated groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group inoculated with PBS. The percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes were increased in chickens vaccinated with commercial and local FP vaccines. There were no significant differences between the groups receiving commercial and local fowl pox vaccines. The present study showed that protective immunity could be associated with increased cellular immune responses, which has been interpreted as enhancing T-cell proliferation and increasing CD4+ to CD8+ ratios through vaccination with the FP vaccine. This study further suggests that the induction of enhanced immune responses is due mainly to the Th1-type response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Azizi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - E Asli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Research & Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - A M Behroozikhah
- Department of Brucella Vaccines Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - B Khalesi
- Department of Poultry Vaccines Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Kulappu Arachchige SN, Wawegama NK, Coppo MJC, Derseh HB, Vaz PK, Kanci Condello A, Omotainse OS, Noormohammadi AH, Browning GF. Mucosal immune responses in the trachea after chronic infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in unvaccinated and vaccinated mature chickens. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13383. [PMID: 34343404 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tracheitis associated with the chronic respiratory disease in chickens caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum is marked by infiltration of leukocytes into the mucosa. Although cytokines/chemokines are known to play a key role in the recruitment, differentiation, and proliferation of leukocytes, those that are produced and secreted into the trachea during the chronic stages of infection with M. gallisepticum have not been described previously. In this study, the levels of transcription in the trachea of genes encoding a panel of 13 cytokines/chemokines were quantified after experimental infection with the M. gallisepticum wild-type strain Ap3AS in unvaccinated chickens and chickens vaccinated 40-, 48- or 57-weeks previously with the novel attenuated strain ts-304. These transcriptional levels in unvaccinated/infected and vaccinated/infected chickens were compared with those of unvaccinated/uninfected and vaccinated/uninfected chickens. Pathological changes and subsets of leukocytes infiltrating the tracheal mucosa were concurrently assessed by histopathological examination and indirect immunofluorescent staining. After infection, unvaccinated birds had a significant increase in tracheal mucosal thickness and in transcription of genes for cytokines/chemokines, including those for IFN-γ, IL-17, RANTES (CCLi4), and CXCL-14, and significant downregulation of IL-2 gene transcription. B cells, CD3+ or CD4+ cells and macrophages (KUL01+ ) accumulated in the mucosa but CD8+ cells were not detected. In vaccinated birds, the levels of transcription of the genes for IL-6, IL-2, RANTES and CXCL-14 were significantly lower after infection than in the unvaccinated/infected and/or unvaccinated/uninfected birds, while the transcription of the IFN-γ gene was significantly upregulated, and there were aggregations of B cells in the tracheal mucosa. These observations indicated that M. gallisepticum may have suppressed Th2 responses by upregulating secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by CD4+ cells and induced immune dysregulation characterized by depletion of CD8+ cells and downregulation of IL-2 in the tracheas of unvaccinated birds. The ts-304 vaccine appeared to induce long-term protection against this immune dysregulation. TAKE AWAY: The ts-304 vaccine-induced long-term protection against immune dysregulation caused by M. gallisepticum Detection of B cells and plasma cells in the tracheal mucosa suggested that long-term protection is mediated by mucosal B cell memory Infection of unvaccinated birds with M. gallisepticum resulted in CD8+ cell depletion and downregulation of IL-2 in the tracheal mucosa, suggestive of immune dysregulation Infection of unvaccinated birds with M. gallisepticum resulted in upregulation of IFN-γ and infiltration of CD4+ cells and antigen presenting cells (B and KUL01+ cells) into the tracheal mucosa, suggesting enhanced antigen processing and presentation during chronic infection Th2 responses to infection with M. gallisepticum may be dampened by CD4+ cells through upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-17 during chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya N Kulappu Arachchige
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadeeka K Wawegama
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mauricio J C Coppo
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Habtamu B Derseh
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola K Vaz
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Kanci Condello
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oluwadamilola S Omotainse
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Guriec N, Bussy F, Gouin C, Mathiaud O, Le Goff M, Delarue J, Collén PN. Activation of chicken gamma-delta T lymphocytes by a purified ulvan extract. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110255. [PMID: 33965691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chicken γδ T lymphocytes are present in a variety of tissues such as blood, spleen and intestine. They constitute a major cytotoxic population. In chicken, Salmonella immunization as well as vaccination against Newcastle disease virus are accompanied by an increase of γδ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which may be activated, and thus represent a protective immune response. It has been published that activation of avian γδ T cells can occur in a MHC non-restricted manner. Ulvans are complex sulfated polysaccharides composed of disaccharide repetitions found in the cell walls of green algae belonging to the genus Ulva. We recently demonstrated that a purified ulvan extract activates chicken heterophils and monocytes in vivo through TLR2 and TLR4 receptors when given in drinking water. We demonstrate here, that the same extract given once in drinking water at 25 and 50 mg/l, results in increased membrane expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex class 2 as soon as day 2, as detected using flow cytometry. We conclude chicken γδ T lymphocytes to be activated, or at least primed, in vivo, with the extract. Further experiments are required to fully understand whether their activation or priming is the result of direct and/or indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Guriec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, France.
| | - Pi Nyvall Collén
- Amadeite SAS, 56580, Bréhan, France; R&D Breizh, 56500 Moustoir Ac, France.
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Hao X, Li S, Chen L, Dong M, Wang J, Hu J, Gu M, Wang X, Hu S, Peng D, Liu X, Shang S. Establishing a Multicolor Flow Cytometry to Characterize Cellular Immune Response in Chickens Following H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121396. [PMID: 33291218 PMCID: PMC7762099 DOI: 10.3390/v12121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) emerged and has continued to re-emerge, continuously posing great threats to animal and human health. The detection of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or virus neutralization antibodies (NA) is essential for assessing immune protection against AIV. However, the HI/NA-independent immune protection is constantly observed in vaccines’ development against H7N9 subtype AIV and other subtypes in chickens and mammals, necessitating the analysis of the cellular immune response. Here, we established a multi-parameter flow cytometry to examine the innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in chickens after intranasal infection with low pathogenicity H7N9 AIV. This assay allowed us to comprehensively define chicken macrophages, dendritic cells, and their MHC-II expression, NK cells, γδ T cells, B cells, and distinct T cell subsets in steady state and during infection. We found that NK cells and KUL01+ cells significantly increased after H7N9 infection, especially in the lung, and the KUL01+ cells upregulated MHC-II and CD11c expression. Additionally, the percentages and numbers of γδ T cells and CD8 T cells significantly increased and exhibited an activated phenotype with significant upregulation of CD25 expression in the lung but not in the spleen and blood. Furthermore, B cells showed increased in the lung but decreased in the blood and spleen in terms of the percentages or/and numbers, suggesting these cells may be recruited from the periphery after H7N9 infection. Our study firstly disclosed that H7N9 infection induced local and systemic cellular immune responses in chickens, the natural host of AIV, and that the flow cytometric assay developed in this study is useful for analyzing the cellular immune responses to AIVs and other avian infectious diseases and defining the correlates of immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Maoli Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-514-879-914-16 (X.L.); +86-514-879-770-81 (S.S.)
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-514-879-914-16 (X.L.); +86-514-879-770-81 (S.S.)
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10
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Yang Y, Dong M, Hao X, Qin A, Shang S. Revisiting cellular immune response to oncogenic Marek's disease virus: the rising of avian T-cell immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3103-3116. [PMID: 32080753 PMCID: PMC7391395 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T-cell lymphomas and serves as a natural virus-induced tumor model in chickens. Although Marek's disease (MD) is well controlled by current vaccines, the evolution of MDV field viruses towards increasing virulence is concerning as a better vaccine to combat very virulent plus MDV is still lacking. Our understanding of molecular and cellular immunity to MDV and its immunopathogenesis has significantly improved, but those findings about cellular immunity to MDV are largely out-of-date, hampering the development of more effective vaccines against MD. T-cell-mediated cellular immunity was thought to be of paramount importance against MDV. However, MDV also infects macrophages, B cells and T cells, leading to immunosuppression and T-cell lymphoma. Additionally, there is limited information about how uninfected immune cells respond to MDV infection or vaccination, specifically, the mechanisms by which T cells are activated and recognize MDV antigens and how the function and properties of activated T cells correlate with immune protection against MDV or MD tumor. The current review revisits the roles of each immune cell subset and its effector mechanisms in the host immune response to MDV infection or vaccination from the point of view of comparative immunology. We particularly emphasize areas of research requiring further investigation and provide useful information for rational design and development of novel MDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Maoli Dong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Shaobin Shang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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11
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Mannose-Modified Chitosan-Nanoparticle-Based Salmonella Subunit OralVaccine-Induced Immune Response and Efficacy in a Challenge Trial in Broilers. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020299. [PMID: 32545295 PMCID: PMC7349978 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) infection in broilers is a huge challenge. In this study, our objective was to improve the efficacy of a chitosan nanoparticle (CS)-based Salmonella subunit vaccine for SE, containing immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagellin (FLA), called the CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine, by surface conjugating it with mannose to target dendritic cells, and comparing the immune responses and efficacy with a commercial live Salmonella vaccine in broilers. The CS(OMP+FLA)-based vaccines were administered orally at age 3 days and as a booster dose after three weeks, and the broilers were challenged with SE at 5 weeks of age. Birds were sacrificed 10 days post-challenge and it was observed that CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine surface conjugated with both mannose and FLA produced the greatest SE reduction, by over 1 log10 colony forming unit per gram of the cecal content, which was comparable to a commercial live vaccine. Immunologically, specific mucosal antibody responses were enhanced by FLA-surface-coated CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine, and mannose-bound CS(OMP+FLA) improved the cellular immune response. In addition, increased mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors and cytokine was observed in CS(OMP+FLA)-based-vaccinated birds. The commercial live vaccine failed to induce any such substantial immune response, except that they had a slightly improved T helper cell frequency. Our data suggest that FLA-coated and mannose-modified CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine induced robust innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune responses and substantially reduced the Salmonella load in the intestines of broilers.
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12
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Han Y, Renu S, Patil V, Schrock J, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Selvaraj R, Renukaradhya GJ. Immune Response to Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Broilers Immunized Orally With Chitosan-Based Salmonella Subunit Nanoparticle Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:935. [PMID: 32508828 PMCID: PMC7248282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) infection in broilers causes a huge economic loss and public health risk. We previously demonstrated that orally delivered chitosan based (CS) Salmonella subunit nanoparticle (NP) vaccine containing immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagellin (FLA) of SE [CS-NP(OMP+FLA)] induces immune response in broilers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose- and age-dependent response and efficacy of CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccine in broilers. Three-day old birds were vaccinated and boosted once or twice. Additional groups were vaccinated at three weeks with no booster or boosted once a week later. Each dose of CS-NP vaccine had either 10 or 50 μg of OMP+FLA antigens. Our data revealed that two doses of vaccine were required to induce substantial immune response. Birds received 2 doses of CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccine at 3 days and 3 weeks of age with 10 μg antigens, and birds inoculated twice at 3 and 4 weeks of age with 50 μg antigens had lowest challenged bacterial load in the cecal contents with over 0.5 log10 reduction. In CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccinated birds, antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation, mucosal and systemic antibody response and the frequency of IFNγ-producing T cells were increased compared to control groups. At the molecular level, in the cecal tonsils of CS-NP(OMP+FLA) immunized birds, mRNA levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR 4, and cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated. The CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccine given orally has the potential to induce a protective immune response against SE infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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13
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Pustulan Activates Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and Promotes Ex Vivo CD4 + T Cell Recall Response to Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020226. [PMID: 32429204 PMCID: PMC7349971 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious avian coronavirus. IBV causes substantial worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. Vaccination with live-attenuated viral vaccines, therefore, are of critical importance. Live-attenuated viral vaccines, however, exhibit the potential for reversion to virulence and recombination with virulent field strains. Therefore, alternatives such as subunit vaccines are needed together with the identification of suitable adjuvants, as subunit vaccines are less immunogenic than live-attenuated vaccines. Several glycan-based adjuvants directly targeting mammalian C-type lectin receptors were assessed in vitro using chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). The β-1-6-glucan, pustulan, induced an up-regulation of MHC class II (MHCII) cell surface expression, potentiated a strong proinflammatory cytokine response, and increased endocytosis in a cation-dependent manner. Ex vivo co-culture of peripheral blood monocytes from IBV-immunised chickens, and BM-DCs pulsed with pustulan-adjuvanted recombinant IBV N protein (rN), induced a strong recall response. Pustulan-adjuvanted rN induced a significantly higher CD4+ blast percentage compared to either rN, pustulan or media. However, the CD8+ and TCRγδ+ blast percentage were significantly lower with pustulan-adjuvanted rN compared to pustulan or media. Thus, pustulan enhanced the efficacy of MHCII antigen presentation, but apparently not the cross-presentation on MHCI. In conclusion, we found an immunopotentiating effect of pustulan in vitro using chicken BM-DCs. Thus, future in vivo studies might show pustulan as a promising glycan-based adjuvant for use in the poultry industry to contain the spread of coronaviridiae as well as of other avian viral pathogens.
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14
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Andreeva A, Nikolaeva O, Altynbekov O, Galieva C, Ilina K. Influence of interferon-based drugs on immunological indices in specific prevention. Vet World 2020; 13:238-244. [PMID: 32255964 PMCID: PMC7096290 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.238-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The research aimed to study the effect of interferon (IFN)-based drugs on the behavior of immunological parameters in calves during the specific prevention of associative infections. Materials and Methods: The object of research was 45 black motley cows and their calves from birth to 2 months of life. Serum and colostrum samples were screened for antibodies against Rotavirus, diarrhea, and coronavirus using serological methods. The testing was performed before vaccination, 40 days before calving, 20 days before calving, and before calving. Colostrum samples were taken during the first milk yield. Serum samples from calves were drawn before colostrum feeding as well as at 7, 14, and 21 days, and 1 and 2 months of age. To measure the level of immunoglobulins A, M, and G, additional serum samples were collected from calves at 25, 35, 65, and 75 days after birth. Results: Giving pregnant cows, an IFN-based drug at a dose of 1 ml/kg 48 h before vaccination results in the development and accumulation of antibodies to Rotavirus, coronavirus, and viral diarrhea (VD) in the colostrum, with a titer of 7.6±0.3 log2, 5.8±0.34 log2, and 4.4±0.18 log2, respectively. It indicates an increase in the antigenic activity of the multivalent vaccine. Conclusion: IFN-based drugs enhance the protective effect of vaccination against associative infections in the newborn calves. They stimulate a rise in the titer of antibodies to Rotavirus, coronavirus, VD, and mucosal disease complex as well as an increase in immunoglobulins A, M, and G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfia Andreeva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zoohygiene and Veterinary Sanitary Inspection of Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa 450001, Republic Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana Nikolaeva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zoohygiene and Veterinary Sanitary Inspection of Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa 450001, Republic Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Altynbekov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zoohygiene and Veterinary Sanitary Inspection of Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa 450001, Republic Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Chulpan Galieva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zoohygiene and Veterinary Sanitary Inspection of Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa 450001, Republic Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniia Ilina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zoohygiene and Veterinary Sanitary Inspection of Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa 450001, Republic Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
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15
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Adjuvant Effects of Platycodin D on Immune Responses to Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine in Chickens. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:160-167. [PMID: 32461731 PMCID: PMC7248007 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are common vaccine components. Novel adjuvants may improve the protective immunity conferred by vaccines against poultry diseases. Here, a less-hemolytic saponin, platycodin D (PD), isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum was investigated as a potential alternative adjuvant. PD was tested as an adjuvant in the infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine, because the existing IB vaccine has often failed to induce effective immune responses. The adjuvant activity of PD in conjunction with IB vaccine was evaluated in this study. Compared to control treatment, PD treatment significantly increased the proliferation of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells, concentration of interferon-γ in culture supernatants, and anti-IB antibody titer. In chickens pre-challenged with the Mass 41 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), PD administration resulted in fewer and less severe clinical signs, lower mortality rate, and higher protection compared to control treatment. Histopathological examination showed that the lungs and kidneys of PD-treated chickens displayed fewer pathological lesions than those of control chickens. Our results also demonstrated that this new vaccine adjuvant improved chicken humoral and cellular immune responses without any side effects. Hence, our findings suggest that PD might serve as an effective adjuvant in IBV vaccines.
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16
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Lagler J, Mitra T, Schmidt S, Pierron A, Vatzia E, Stadler M, Hammer SE, Mair KH, Grafl B, Wernsdorf P, Rauw F, Lambrecht B, Liebhart D, Gerner W. Cytokine production and phenotype of Histomonas meleagridis-specific T cells in the chicken. Vet Res 2019; 50:107. [PMID: 31806018 PMCID: PMC6896354 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis is the causative agent of the re-emerging disease histomonosis of chickens and turkeys. Due to the parasite’s extracellular occurrence, a type-2 differentiation of H. meleagridis-specific T cells has been hypothesized. In contrast, a recent study suggested that IFN-γ mRNA+ cells are involved in protection against histomonosis. However, the phenotype and cytokine production profile of H. meleagridis-specific T cells still awaits elucidation. In this work, clonal cultures of a virulent monoxenic strain of H. meleagridis were used for infecting chickens to detect IFN-γ protein and IL-13 mRNA by intracellular cytokine staining and PrimeFlow™ RNA Assays, respectively, in CD4+ and CD8β+ T cells. Infection was confirmed by characteristic pathological changes in the cecum corresponding with H. meleagridis detection by immunohistochemistry and H. meleagridis-specific antibodies in serum. In splenocytes stimulated either with H. meleagridis antigen or PMA/ionomycin, IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells from infected chickens increased in comparison to cells from non-infected birds 2 weeks and 5 weeks post-infection. Additionally, an increase of IFN-γ-producing CD4−CD8β− cells upon H. meleagridis antigen and PMA/ionomycin stimulation was detected. Contrariwise, frequencies of IL-13 mRNA-expressing cells were low even after PMA/ionomycin stimulation and mainly had a CD4−CD8β− phenotype. No clear increase of IL-13+ cells related to H. meleagridis infection could be found. In summary, these data suggest that H. meleagridis infection induces a type-1 differentiation of CD4+ T cells but also of non-CD4+ cells. This phenotype could include γδ T cells, which will be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lagler
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Schmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alix Pierron
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleni Vatzia
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Wernsdorf
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabienne Rauw
- Avian Virology & Immunology Unit, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Dieter Liebhart
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Chen X, Chen X, Gao J, Yang H, Duan Y, Feng Y, He X, Gong X, Wang H, Wu X, Chang J. Astragaloside III Enhances Anti-Tumor Response of NK Cells by Elevating NKG2D and IFN-γ. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:898. [PMID: 31456687 PMCID: PMC6701288 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an irreplaceable role in the development of colon cancer, in which antitumor function of NK cells was impaired. Astragaloside III is a natural compound from Astragalus that has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects in various systems. However, few studies have evaluated the antitumor effects of Astragaloside III through stimulating systemic immunity and regulating NK cells. In this study, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical analysis, and immunofunctional assays were performed to elucidate the functions of Astragaloside III in restoring antitumor function of NK cells. We demonstrated that Astragaloside III significantly elevated the expression of natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), Fas, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in NK cells, leading to increased tumor-killing ability. Experiments in cell co-culture assays and CT26-bearing mice model further confirmed that Astragaloside III could effectively impede tumor growth by increasing infiltration of NK cells into tumor and upregulating the antitumor response of NK cells. We further revealed that Astragaloside III increased IFN-γ secretion of NK cells by enhancing the expression of transcription factor T-bet. In conclusion, the effective anti-tumor function of Astragaloside III was achieved through up-regulation of the immune response of NK cells and elevation of NKG2D, Fas, and IFN-γ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmeng Chen
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junxiao Gao
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Yang
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Duan
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Gong
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanjie Wang
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Larsen FT, Bed'Hom B, Naghizadeh M, Kjærup RB, Zohari S, Dalgaard TS. Immunoprofiling of peripheral blood from infectious bronchitis virus vaccinated MHC-B chicken lines - Monocyte MHC-II expression as a potential correlate of protection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 96:93-102. [PMID: 30763593 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination programs are implemented in poultry farms to limit outbreaks and spread of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is a substantial economic burden in the poultry industry. Immune correlates, used to predict vaccine efficacy, have proved difficult to find for IBV-vaccine-induced protection. To find correlates of IBV-vaccine-induced protection, hence, we employed a flow cytometric assay to quantify peripheral leucocyte subsets and expression of cell surface markers of six different non-vaccinated and vaccinated Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) haplotypes. Non-vaccinated and vaccinated MHC haplotypes presented differential leucocyte composition and IBV viral load. A strong effect of MHC-B, but not vaccination, on several leucocyte subsets resulted in positive correlations with IBV viral load based on MHC haplotype ranking. In addition, a strong effect of MHC-B and vaccination on monocyte MHC-II expression showed that animals with highest monocyte MHC-II expression had weakest vaccine-induced protection. In conclusion, we found several interesting MHC-B related immune correlates of protection and that flow cytometric analysis can be employed to study correlates of IBV-vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik T Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Bed'Hom
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mohammad Naghizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Rikke B Kjærup
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Siamak Zohari
- National Veterinary Institute, SVA, Ullsv. 2B, S-75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tina S Dalgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
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19
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Guriec N, Bussy F, Gouin C, Mathiaud O, Quero B, Le Goff M, Collén PN. Ulvan Activates Chicken Heterophils and Monocytes Through Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Toll-Like Receptor 4. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2725. [PMID: 30532755 PMCID: PMC6265352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Responsiveness to invasive pathogens, clearance via the inflammatory response, and activation of appropriate acquired responses are all coordinated by innate host defenses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are potent immune-modulators with profound effects on the generation of adaptive immune responses. This property is being exploited in TLR-based vaccines and therapeutic agents in chickens. However, for administering the TLR agonist, all previous studies used in ovo, intra-muscular or intra-venous routes that cannot be performed in usual farming conditions, thus highlighting the need for TLR ligands that display systemic immune effects when given orally (per os). Here we have demonstrated that an ulvan extract of Ulva armoricana is able to activate avian heterophils and monocytes in vitro. Using specific inhibitors, we have evidenced that ulvan may be a new ligand for TLR2 and TLR4; and that they regulate heterophil activation in slightly different manner. Moreover, activation of heterophils as well as of monocytes leads to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin1-β, interferon α and interferon γ, through pathways that we partly identified. Finally, when given per os to animals ulvan induces heterophils and monocytes to be activated in vivo thus leading to a transient release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with plasma concentrations returning toward baseline levels at day 3.
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Yang F, Feng S, Li Y, He Y, Jin X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Xiao Y, Bi D. Development of immunochromatographic test strips for rapid, quantitative detection of H9AIV antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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