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Xue Q, Swevers L, Taning CNT. Drosophila X virus-like particles as delivery carriers for improved oral insecticidal efficacy of scorpion Androctonus australis peptide against the invasive fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:847-858. [PMID: 37681406 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect-specific neurotoxic peptides derived from the venoms of scorpions and spiders can cause acute paralysis and death when injected into insects, offering a promising insecticidal component for insect pest control. However, effective delivery systems are required to help neurotoxic peptides pass through the gut barrier into the hemolymph, where they can act. Here, we investigated the potential of a novel nanocarrier, Drosophila X virus-like particle (DXV-VLP), for delivering a neurotoxin from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (AaIT) against the invasive pest fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. Our results show that the fusion proteins of DXV polyproteins with AaIT peptide at their C-termini could be sufficiently produced in Lepidoptera Hi5 cells in a soluble form using the recombinant baculovirus expression system, and could self-assemble into VLPs with similar particle morphology and size to authentic DXV virions. In addition, the AaIT peptides displayed on DXV-VLPs retained their toxicity, as demonstrated in injection bioassays that resulted in severe mortality (72%) in adults after 72 h. When fed to adults, mild mortality was observed in the group treated with DXV-AaIT (38%), while no mortality occurred in the group treated with AaIT peptide, thus indicating the significant role of DXV-VLPs in delivering AaIT peptides. Overall, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates for the first time that VLPs can be exploited to enhance oral delivery of insect-specific neurotoxic peptides in the context of pest control. Moreover, it provides insights for further improvements and potentially the development of neurotoxin-based bioinsecticides and/or transgenic crops for insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Jones EM, Cain KD. An Introduction to Relevant Immunology Principles with Respect to Oral Vaccines in Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2917. [PMID: 38138061 PMCID: PMC10745647 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines continue to play an enormous role in the progression of aquaculture industries worldwide. Though preventable diseases cause massive economic losses, injection-based vaccine delivery is cost-prohibitive or otherwise impractical for many producers. Most oral vaccines, which are much cheaper to administer, do not provide adequate protection relative to traditional injection or even immersion formulas. Research has focused on determining why there appears to be a lack of protection afforded by oral vaccines. Here, we review the basic immunological principles associated with oral vaccination before discussing the recent progress and current status of oral vaccine research. This knowledge is critical for the development and advancement of efficacious oral vaccines for the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth D. Cain
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
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3
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Umapathy VR, Natarajan PM, Swamikannu B. Review of the Role of Nanotechnology in Overcoming the Challenges Faced in Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:5395. [PMID: 37513267 PMCID: PMC10385509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the world, oral cancer is a common and aggressive malignancy with a high risk of morbidity, mortality, and recurrence. The importance of early detection in cancer prevention and disease treatment cannot be overstated. Conventional therapeutic strategies have minor difficulties but considerable side effects and unfavourable consequences in clinical applications. Hence, there is a requirement for effective ways for early detection and treatment of oral cancer. At present, numerous forms of nanoparticles have piqued researchers' interest as a potentially useful tool for diagnostic probes and medicinal devices. Because of their inherent physicochemical properties and customizable surface modification, they are able to circumvent some of restrictions and accomplish the intended diagnostic and therapeutic impact. Nanotechnology is a unique field that has revolutionised the industry and is paving the way for new treatments for oral cancer. It can help with a better diagnosis with less harmful substances and is setting current guidelines for treatment. The use of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis, therapy, and care improves clinical practise dramatically. The different types of nanoparticles that have been developed for the diagnosis and therapy of oral cancers will be covered in this study. The difficulties and potential uses of nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of oral cancer are then highlighted. In order to emphasise existing difficulties and potential remedies for oral cancer, a prospective view of the future is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences and Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhuminathan Swamikannu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER University, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Booster Vaccination Increases Senegalese Sole Survival and Enhances Immunoprotection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010051. [PMID: 36611661 PMCID: PMC9817516 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A re-immunization programme has been tested to improve the protective response elicited in sole by a previously developed BEI-inactivated betanodavirus vaccine. The vaccine was prepared using a reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV strain which is highly pathogenic for sole, and vaccination assays were performed by intraperitoneal injection. Experimental design included a prime- and a booster-vaccination group, which consisted of individuals that received a second vaccine injection at 30 days post vaccination), and their respective controls. A month after prime/booster vaccination, fish were challenged by intramuscular injection with the homologous NNV strain. Samples were collected at different times post vaccination and post challenge to assess the immune response and viral replication. Booster dose enhanced the protection against NNV infection because a significant increase in survival was recorded when compared with prime-vaccinated individuals (relative percent survival 77 vs. 55). In addition, a clear decrease in viral replication in the brain of challenged sole was observed. During the immune induction period, no differences in IgM production were observed between prime- and booster-vaccinated fish, and the expression of the antigen presenting cells (APC)-related molecule MHC class II antigen was the only differential stimulation recorded in the re-immunized individuals. However, a significant upregulation of mhcII and the lymphocytes T helper (Th) marker cd4 was observed after the challenge in the booster-vaccinated group, suggesting these cells play a role in the protection conferred by the booster injection. In addition, after viral infection, re-immunized fish showed specific and neutralizing antibody production and overexpression of other immune-related genes putatively involved in the control of NNV replication.
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5
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Yang JI, Kim KH. Display of Streptococcus iniae α-Enolase on the Surface of Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) of Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Using SpyTag/SpyCatcher. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1066-1072. [PMID: 36171522 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines are promising candidates for overcoming the safety problems of live vaccines and weak immunogenicity of subunit vaccines. VLPs can be used as a platform for the development of combined vaccines by expressing foreign antigens, and foreign antigens can be displayed on the surface of VLPs by conjugation. In the present study, to use nervous necrosis virus (NNV) VLPs as a delivery tool for Streptococcus iniae α-enolase by displaying on the VLP's surface, the split-intein (SpyTag/SpyCatcher) conjugation system was used. NNV capsid protein fused to SpyTag (Capsid-SpyTag) and S. iniae α-enolase fused to SpyCatcher (α-enolase-SpyCatcher) were recombinantly produced, then mixed in various ratios. A ratio of Capsid-SpyTag to α-enolase-SpyCatcher of 1 to 1.5 showed the highest coupling efficiency corresponding to 83-92% of coupled capsid protein dimer and 32-52% of coupled capsid protein monomer. In TEM observation, VLP of Capsid-SpyTag had a regular shape and size of about 40 nm, while VLP fused with α-enolase-SpyCatcher showed an irregular shape and size of about 40-50 nm in diameter. In preliminary immunization experiments, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) immunized with VLP fused with α-enolase-SpyCatcher showed the lowest cumulative mortality against S. iniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Yang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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6
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Chen YY, Wu CL, Hsu CW, Wang CH, Su CR, Huang CJ, Chen HR, Chau LK, Wang SC. Trace Determination of Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus in Contaminated Larvae and Pond Water Samples Using Label-Free Fiber Optic Nanoplasmonic Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:907. [PMID: 36291043 PMCID: PMC9599950 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed a fast (<20 min), label-free fiber optic particle plasmon resonance (FOPPR) immunosensing method to detect nervous necrosis virus (NNV), which often infects high-value economic aquatic species, such as grouper. Using spiked NNV particles in a phosphate buffer as samples, the standard calibration curve obtained was linear (R2 = 0.99) and the limit of detection (LOD) achieved was 2.75 × 104 TCID50/mL, which is superior to that obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By using an enhancement method called fiber optic nanogold-linked immunosorbent assay (FONLISA), the LOD can be further improved to <1 TCID50/mL, which is comparable to that found by the conventional qPCR method. Employing the larvae homogenate samples of NNV-infected grouper, the results obtained by the FOPPR biosensor agree with those obtained by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. We also examined pond water samples from an infected container in an indoor aquaculture facility. The lowest detectable level of NNV coat protein was found to be 0.17 μg/mL, which is one order lower than the LOD reported by ELISA. Therefore, we demonstrated the potential of the FOPPR biosensor as an outbreak surveillance tool, which is able to give warning indication even when the trend of larvae death toll increment is still not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lu Wu
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Rui Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, NCU-Covestro Research Center, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ren Chen
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Kwan Chau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
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7
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Makesh M, Venkata Satyanarayana N, Selvamano S, Jayaprakash N, Bera A, Sukumaran K, Kailasam M. Nervous necrosis virus titration and antigen quantitation by indirect sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. J Virol Methods 2022; 305:114536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Bøgwald J, Dalmo RA. Protection of Teleost Fish against Infectious Diseases through Oral Administration of Vaccines: Update 2021. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10932. [PMID: 34681594 PMCID: PMC8535532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion and intraperitoneal injection are the two most common methods used for the vaccination of fish. Because both methods require that fish are handled and thereby stressed, oral administration of vaccines as feed supplements is desirable. In addition, in terms of revaccination (boosting) of adult fish held in net pens, oral administration of vaccines is probably the only feasible method to obtain proper protection against diseases over long periods of time. Oral vaccination is considered a suitable method for mass immunization of large and stress-sensitive fish populations. Moreover, oral vaccines may preferably induce mucosal immunity, which is especially important to fish. Experimental oral vaccine formulations include both non-encapsulated and encapsulated antigens, viruses and bacteria. To develop an effective oral vaccine, the desired antigens must be protected against the harsh environments in the stomach and gut so they can remain intact when they reach the lower gut/intestine where they normally are absorbed and transported to immune cells. The most commonly used encapsulation method is the use of alginate microspheres that can effectively deliver vaccines to the intestine without degradation. Other encapsulation methods include chitosan encapsulation, poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid and liposome encapsulation. Only a few commercial oral vaccines are available on the market, including those against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), Spring viremia carp virus (SVCV), infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) and Piscirickettsia salmonis. This review highlights recent developments of oral vaccination in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy A. Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Muninbakken 21, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway;
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9
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Celis-Giraldo CT, López-Abán J, Muro A, Patarroyo MA, Manzano-Román R. Nanovaccines against Animal Pathogens: The Latest Findings. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090988. [PMID: 34579225 PMCID: PMC8472905 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, safe and efficacious vaccines represent powerful and cost-effective tools for global health and economic growth. In the veterinary field, these are undoubtedly key tools for improving productivity and fighting zoonoses. However, cases of persistent infections, rapidly evolving pathogens having high variability or emerging/re-emerging pathogens for which no effective vaccines have been developed point out the continuing need for new vaccine alternatives to control outbreaks. Most licensed vaccines have been successfully used for many years now; however, they have intrinsic limitations, such as variable efficacy, adverse effects, and some shortcomings. More effective adjuvants and novel delivery systems may foster real vaccine effectiveness and timely implementation. Emerging vaccine technologies involving nanoparticles such as self-assembling proteins, virus-like particles, liposomes, virosomes, and polymeric nanoparticles offer novel, safe, and high-potential approaches to address many vaccine development-related challenges. Nanotechnology is accelerating the evolution of vaccines because nanomaterials having encapsulation ability and very advantageous properties due to their size and surface area serve as effective vehicles for antigen delivery and immunostimulatory agents. This review discusses the requirements for an effective, broad-coverage-elicited immune response, the main nanoplatforms for producing it, and the latest nanovaccine applications for fighting animal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Teresa Celis-Giraldo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (R.M.-R.)
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (R.M.-R.)
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10
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Su H, Yakovlev IA, van Eerde A, Su J, Clarke JL. Plant-Produced Vaccines: Future Applications in Aquaculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718775. [PMID: 34456958 PMCID: PMC8397579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has undergone rapid development in the past decades. It provides a large part of high-quality protein food for humans, and thus, a sustainable aquaculture industry is of great importance for the worldwide food supply and economy. Along with the quick expansion of aquaculture, the high fish densities employed in fish farming increase the risks of outbreaks of a variety of aquatic diseases. Such diseases not only cause huge economic losses, but also lead to ecological hazards in terms of pathogen spread to marine ecosystems causing infection of wild fish and polluting the environment. Thus, fish health is essential for the aquaculture industry to be environmentally sustainable and a prerequisite for intensive aquaculture production globally. The wide use of antibiotics and drug residues has caused intensive pollution along with risks for food safety and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination is the most effective and environmentally friendly approach to battle infectious diseases in aquaculture with minimal ecological impact and is applicable to most species of farmed fish. However, there are only 34 fish vaccines commercially available globally to date, showing the urgent need for further development of fish vaccines to manage fish health and ensure food safety. Plant genetic engineering has been utilized to produce genetically modified crops with desirable characteristics and has also been used for vaccine production, with several advantages including cost-effectiveness, safety when compared with live virus vaccines, and plants being capable of carrying out posttranslational modifications that are similar to naturally occurring systems. So far, plant-derived vaccines, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins have been produced for human and animal health. However, the development of plant-made vaccines for animals, especially fish, is still lagging behind the development of human vaccines. The present review summarizes the development of fish vaccines currently utilized and the suitability of the plant-production platform for fish vaccine and then addresses considerations regarding fish vaccine production in plants. Developing fish vaccines by way of plant biotechnology are significant for the aquaculture industry, fish health management, food safety, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Igor A. Yakovlev
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - André van Eerde
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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11
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Salinas I, Fernández-Montero Á, Ding Y, Sunyer JO. Mucosal immunoglobulins of teleost fish: A decade of advances. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104079. [PMID: 33785432 PMCID: PMC8177558 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) are complex glycoproteins that play critical functions in innate and adaptive immunity of all jawed vertebrates. Given the unique characteristics of mucosal barriers, secretory Igs (sIgs) have specialized to maintain homeostasis and keep pathogens at bay at mucosal tissues from fish to mammals. In teleost fish, the three main IgH isotypes, IgM, IgD and IgT/Z can be found in different proportions at the mucosal secretions of the skin, gills, gut, nasal, buccal, and pharyngeal mucosae. Similar to the role of mammalian IgA, IgT plays a predominant role in fish mucosal immunity. Recent studies in IgT have illuminated the primordial role of sIgs in both microbiota homeostasis and pathogen control at mucosal sites. Ten years ago, IgT was discovered to be an immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity. Aiming at this 10-year anniversary, the goal of this review is to summarize the current status of the field of fish Igs since that discovery, while identifying knowledge gaps and future avenues that will move the field forward in both basic and applied science areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Montero
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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BEI Inactivated Vaccine Induces Innate and Adaptive Responses and Elicits Partial Protection upon Reassortant Betanodavirus Infection in Senegalese Sole. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050458. [PMID: 34064461 PMCID: PMC8147993 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), is one of the most threatening viruses affecting marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. Senegalese sole is a promising fish species in Mediterranean aquaculture but also highly susceptible to NNV and VER outbreaks, that puts its farming at risk. The development of vaccines for aquaculture is one of best tools to prevent viral spread and sudden outbreaks, and virus inactivation is the simplest and most cost-effective method available. In this work, we have designed two inactivated vaccines based on the use of formalin or binary ethylenimine (BEI) to inactivate a reassortant NNV strain. After vaccination, the BEI-inactivated vaccine triggered the production of specific IgM-NNV antibodies and stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses at transcriptional level (rtp3, mx, mhcii and tcrb coding genes). Moreover, it partially improved survival after an NNV in vivo challenge, reducing the mid-term viral load and avoiding the down-regulation of immune response post-challenge. On the other hand, the formalin-inactivated vaccine improved the survival of fish upon infection without inducing the production of IgM-NNV antibodies and only stimulating the expression of herc4 and mhcii genes (in head-kidney and brain, respectively) during the vaccination period; this suggests that other immune-related pathways may be involved in the partial protection provoked. Although these vaccines against NNV showed encouraging results, further studies are needed to improve sole protection and to fully understand the underlying immune mechanism.
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13
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Nakahira Y, Mizuno K, Yamashita H, Tsuchikura M, Takeuchi K, Shiina T, Kawakami H. Mass Production of Virus-Like Particles Using Chloroplast Genetic Engineering for Highly Immunogenic Oral Vaccine Against Fish Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717952. [PMID: 34497627 PMCID: PMC8419230 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), which is one of the most serious fish diseases leading to mass mortality in a wide range of fish species worldwide. Although a few injectable inactivated vaccines are commercially available, there is a need for more labor-saving, cost-effective, and fish-friendly immunization methods. The use of transgenic plants expressing pathogen-derived recombinant antigens as edible vaccines is an ideal way to meet these requirements. In this study, chloroplast genetic engineering was successfully utilized to overexpress the red-spotted grouper NNV capsid protein (RGNNV-CP). The RGNNV-CP accumulated at high levels in all young, mature, and old senescent leaves of transplastomic tobacco plants (averaging approximately 3 mg/g leaf fresh weight). The RGNNV-CP efficiently self-assembled into virus-like particles (RGNNV-VLPs) in the chloroplast stroma of the transgenic lines, which could be readily observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection and oral administration of the crudely purified protein extract containing chloroplast-derived RGNNV-VLPs provided the sevenband grouper fish with sufficient protection against RGNNV challenge, and its immunogenicity was comparable to that of a commercial injectable vaccine. These findings indicate that chloroplast-derived VLP vaccines may play a promising role in the prevention of various diseases, not only in fish but also in other animals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Nakahira
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoichi Nakahira,
| | | | | | | | - Kaoru Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Division of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
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14
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Zhang M, Liang J, Yang Y, Liang H, Jia H, Li D. Current Trends of Targeted Drug Delivery for Oral Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:618931. [PMID: 33425881 PMCID: PMC7793972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.618931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is an aggressive tumor that invades the local tissue and can cause metastasis and high mortality. Conventional treatment strategies, e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy alone or in combinations, possess innegligible issues, and significant side and adverse effects for the clinical applications. Currently, targeting drug delivery is emerging as an effective approach for oral delivery of different therapeutics. Herein we provide a state-of-the-art review on the current progress of targeting drug delivery for oral cancer therapy. Variously oral delivery systems including polymeric/inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, cyclodextrins, nanolipids, and hydrogels-based forms are emphasized and discussed, and biomimetic systems with respect to oral delivery like therapeutic vitamin, exosomes, proteins, and virus-like particles are also described with emphasis on the cancer treatment. A future perspective is also provided to highlight the existing challenges and possible resolution toward clinical translation of current oral cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- The 8th Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huize Liang
- Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Jia
- Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- The 4th Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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15
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Vo TTM, Lai YY, Lin CH. The influence of a GT repeat polymorphism on poly(I:C) induction of the grouper MxII gene promoter in GK cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:99-105. [PMID: 32224278 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferons play an important role in the fish innate immune system against viral infection by inducing the interferon stimulated genes, such as Mx gene. We cloned the MxII gene promoter from orange-spotted grouper and found three MxII gene promoters. All of them contained two interferon stimulated response elements (ISREs), and three dinucleotide repeat sequences located at 5' end of ISREs. Interestingly, there is a polymorphic GT repeat element located upstream of these ISREs. The three MxII gene promoters respectively contained 27, 29, and 31 GT repeats, namely EcMx_27, EcMx_29, and EcMx_31. To determine whether GT repeat element influence the MxII gene expression, the MxII gene promoters were subcloned into promoterless reporter plasmid and transfected into grouper kidney (GK) cells. The results showed that a significant induction by poly(I:C) was detected in GK cells transfected with pEcMx_31 (2.65 folds) whereas there was no induction in GK cells transfected with pEcMx_27 and pEcMx_29. However, the significant induction by nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection was found in GK cells separately transfected with three reporter plasmids. These results suggest that the GT repeat element plays an important role in modulation of MxII gene expression and the induction by poly(I:C) and NNV may be mediated through different signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tuyet Minh Vo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Lai
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
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16
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Jeong KH, Kim HJ, Kim HJ. Current status and future directions of fish vaccines employing virus-like particles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:49-57. [PMID: 32130976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In most breeding schemes, fish are cultured in enclosed spaces, which greatly increases the risk of outbreaks where the onset of infectious diseases can cause massive mortality and enormous economic losses. Vaccination is the most effective and long-term measure for improving the basic make-up of a fish farm. As the relationship between antibody and antigen is similar to that between screw and nut, similarity in the shape or nature of the vaccine antigen to the original pathogen is important for achieving a satisfactory/good/excellent antibody response with a vaccine. Virus-like particles (VLPs) best fulfil this requirement as their tertiary structure mimics that of the native virus. For this reason, VLPs have been attracting attention as next-generation vaccines for humans and animals, and the effects of various types of VLP vaccines on humans and livestock have been examined. Recent studies of VLP-based fish vaccines indicate that these vaccines are promising, and raise hopes of extending their use in the near future. In this review, the structural properties and immunogenicity of VLP-based vaccines against fish viruses such as infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), salmonid alphavirus (SAV), nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and iridovirus are introduced/summarized. The NNV VLP vaccine is the most-studied VLP-based vaccine against fish viruses. Therefore, the current status of NNV VLP research is highlighted in this review, which deals with the advantages of using VLPs as vaccines, and the expression systems for producing them. Moreover, the need for lyophilized VLPs and oral VLP delivery is discussed. Finally, future directions for the development of VLP vaccines in the fish vaccine field are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Jeong
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hong-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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17
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Thwaite R, Berbel C, Aparicio M, Torrealba D, Pesarrodona M, Villaverde A, Borrego JJ, Manchado M, Roher N. Nanostructured recombinant protein particles raise specific antibodies against the nodavirus NNV coat protein in sole. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:578-586. [PMID: 32105827 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) reassortant strains RGNNV/SJNNV have emerged as a potent threat to the Mediterranean marine aquaculture industry, causing viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). In this study, a cheap and practical vaccine strategy using bacterial inclusion bodies made of the coat protein of a virulent reassortant strain of this betanodavirus was devised. The nanostructured recombinant protein nanoparticles, VNNV-CNP, were administered without adjuvant to two groups of juvenile sole, one by intraperitoneal injection and the other by oral intubation. Specific antibodies were raised in vivo against the NNV coat protein via both routes, with a substantial specific antibody expansion in the injected group 30 days post homologous prime boost. Expression levels of five adaptive immune-related genes, cd8a, cd4, igm, igt and arg2, were also quantified in intestine, spleen and head kidney. Results showed cd4 and igm were upregulated in the head kidney of injected fish, indicating activation of an adaptive systemic response, while intubated fish exhibited a mucosal response in the intestine. Neither route showed significant differential expression of cd8a. The specific antibody response elicited in vivo and the lack of any signs of toxicity over the 6-week study period in young fish (n = 100), evidences the potential of the nanoparticle as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Thwaite
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción Berbel
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro "El Toruño", Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Aparicio
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro "El Toruño", Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Debora Torrealba
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pesarrodona
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Borrego
- University of Málaga, Department of Microbiology, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Manchado
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro "El Toruño", Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Ma Y, Liu Z, Hao L, Wu J, Qin B, Liang Z, Ma J, Ke H, Yang H, Li Y, Cao J. Oral vaccination using Artemia coated with recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing cyprinid herpesvirus-3 envelope antigen induces protective immunity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) larvae. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:184-192. [PMID: 32199177 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the etiological agent of koi herpersvirus disease (KHVD), which causes serious economic losses in global common carp and ornamental koi carp production of larvae as well as adult type fish. To control KHVD, vaccines against CyHV-3 utilizing different immunization routes have been developed, among them, oral vaccination is the most desirable method to prevent fish diseases occurring at the early larval stage. Here, we developed an oral subunit vaccine through the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface display of CyHV-3 envelope protein pORF65, then, the recombinant yeast fed to Artemia which served as bio-encapsulation vector by subsequently feeding the common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) larvae. The fluorescent observation showed that the Artemia and S. cerevisiae could deliver intact antigen to the hindgut of carp larvae suggesting the possibility of the vector for oral immunization. On this basis, after three immunizations at a week interval, the oral vaccine induced high level of specific anti-pORF65 antibody. Meanwhile, a significant difference of immune-related genes expression occurred including cxca, IL-1β, IFN-a1, lysozyme, IgM and CD8α between vaccined group and blank control group. In addition, 30% of relative percent survival of carp larvae after immunization was obtained post the animal infection assay, offered an certain immune protection. Our results indicated that the oral pORF65 subunit vaccine bioencapsulated in Artemia induced the activation of immune response and high level of antibodies, which could be served as an oral vaccine candidate for the prevention of CyHV-3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baotian Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiling Liang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiangyao Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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19
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Lin HJ, Xiao Joe JT, Lu WJ, Huang MY, Sun TH, Lin SP, Li YC, Tsui YC, Lu MW, Victor Lin HT. Secretory Production of Functional Grouper Type I Interferon from Epinephelus septemfasciatus in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1465. [PMID: 32098104 PMCID: PMC7073146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) results in high mortality rates of infected marine fish worldwide. Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines in vertebrates that suppress viral replication and regulate immune responses. Heterologous overexpression of fish IFN in bacteria could be problematic because of protein solubility and loss of function due to protein misfolding. In this study, a protein model of the IFN-α of Epinephelus septemfasciatus was built based on comparative modeling. In addition, PelB and SacB signal peptides were fused to the N-terminus of E. septemfasciatus IFN-α for overexpression of soluble, secreted IFN in Escherichia coli (E-IFN) and Bacillus subtilis (B-IFN). Cytotoxicity tests indicated that neither recombinant grouper IFN-α were cytotoxic to a grouper head kidney cell line (GK). The GK cells stimulated with E-IFN and B-IFN exhibited elevated expression of antiviral Mx genes when compared with the control group. The NNV challenge experiments demonstrated that GK cells pretreated or co-treated with E-IFN and B-IFN individually had three times the cell survival rates of untreated cells, indicating the cytoprotective ability of our recombinant IFNs. These data provide a protocol for the production of soluble, secreted, and functional grouper IFN of high purity, which may be applied to aquaculture fisheries for antiviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ju Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Joan Tang Xiao Joe
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, The College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Lu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Mei-Ying Huang
- Division of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 199, Hou-Ih Road, Keelung 20246, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sun
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Sheng-Pao Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Ya-Chin Tsui
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Ming-Wei Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ting Victor Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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20
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Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020106. [PMID: 32050492 PMCID: PMC7168202 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), represent one of the main infectious threats for marine aquaculture worldwide. Since the first description of the disease at the end of the 1980s, a considerable amount of research has gone into understanding the mechanisms involved in fish infection, developing reliable diagnostic methods, and control measures, and several comprehensive reviews have been published to date. This review focuses on host–virus interaction and epidemiological aspects, comprising viral distribution and transmission as well as the continuously increasing host range (177 susceptible marine species and epizootic outbreaks reported in 62 of them), with special emphasis on genotypes and the effect of global warming on NNV infection, but also including the latest findings in the NNV life cycle and virulence as well as diagnostic methods and VER disease control.
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21
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Ma J, Bruce TJ, Jones EM, Cain KD. A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E569. [PMID: 31744151 PMCID: PMC6920890 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination efforts contribute to environmental, social, and economic sustainability in global aquaculture. Most licensed fish vaccines have traditionally been inactivated microorganisms that were formulated with adjuvants and delivered through immersion or injection routes. Live vaccines are more efficacious, as they mimic natural pathogen infection and generate a strong antibody response, thus having a greater potential to be administered via oral or immersion routes. Modern vaccine technology has targeted specific pathogen components, and vaccines developed using such approaches may include subunit, or recombinant, DNA/RNA particle vaccines. These advanced technologies have been developed globally and appear to induce greater levels of immunity than traditional fish vaccines. Advanced technologies have shown great promise for the future of aquaculture vaccines and will provide health benefits and enhanced economic potential for producers. This review describes the use of conventional aquaculture vaccines and provides an overview of current molecular approaches and strategies that are promising for new aquaculture vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA (T.J.B.); (E.M.J.)
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Timothy J. Bruce
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA (T.J.B.); (E.M.J.)
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Evan M. Jones
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA (T.J.B.); (E.M.J.)
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA (T.J.B.); (E.M.J.)
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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22
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Hu X, Yang G, Chen S, Luo S, Zhang J. Biomimetic and bioinspired strategies for oral drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:1020-1044. [PMID: 31621709 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery remains the most preferred approach due to its multiple advantages. Recently there has been increasing interest in the development of advanced vehicles for oral delivery of different therapeutics. Among them, biomimetic and bioinspired strategies are emerging as novel approaches that are promising for addressing biological barriers encountered by traditional drug delivery systems. Herein we provide a state-of-the-art review on the current progress of biomimetic particulate oral delivery systems. Different biomimetic nanoparticles used for oral drug delivery are first discussed, mainly including ligand/antibody-functionalized nanoparticles, transporter-mediated nanoplatforms, and nanoscale extracellular vesicles. Then we describe bacteria-derived biomimetic systems, with respect to oral delivery of therapeutic proteins or antigens. Subsequently, yeast-derived oral delivery systems, based on either chemical engineering or bioengineering approaches are discussed, with emphasis on the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as oral vaccination. Finally, bioengineered plant cells are introduced for oral delivery of biological agents. A future perspective is also provided to highlight the existing challenges and possible resolution toward clinical translation of currently developed biomimetic oral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. and The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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23
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Wang L, Tian Y, Cheng M, Li Z, Li S, Wu Y, Zhang J, Ma W, Li W, Pang Z, Zhai J. Transcriptome comparative analysis of immune tissues from asymptomatic and diseased Epinephelus moara naturally infected with nervous necrosis virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:99-107. [PMID: 31323328 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epinephelus moara is an economically important fish in Southeast Asian countries but is suffering from nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection. A deeper understanding of the host-NNV interaction mechanisms makes sense for disease control, however, at present, the pathogenesis of natural NNV infection and the resistance mechanism in host remains poorly understood. In this study, asymptomatic and diseased E. moara with clinical symptoms of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) from a grouper farm were both detected with a positive RT-PCR signal of NNV, then transcriptome sequencing of their immune tissues (liver, spleen and kidney) were performed for comparation analysis. The de novo assemblies yielded 53,789 unigenes which had a length varied from 201 to 19,675 bp and a N50 length of 2115 bp, and 29,451 unigenes were functionally annotated, with 83, 250 and 5632 unigenes being differentially expressed in liver, spleen and kidney respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs showed many DEGs were enriched in immune related pathways. Although the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was significantly higher in three immune tissues of the diseased grouper, many immune related genes, including humoral immune molecules (such as antibodies), the cellular mediated cytotoxic molecules (such as perforin) and some adhesion related genes were down regulated in the diseased grouper. Our results provided many unigenes that might play important roles in NNV resistance for further research. Furthermore, a total of 8666 unigenes containing 11,623 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, which provided useful information for screening molecular markers associated with NNV resistance in E. moara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yongsheng Tian
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Meiling Cheng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, l16023, China
| | - Zhentong Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, l16023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Mingbo Aquatic Co. Ltd, Laizhou, 261400, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Mingbo Aquatic Co. Ltd, Laizhou, 261400, China
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24
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Ji J, Merino S, Tomás JM, Roher N. Nanoliposomes encapsulating immunostimulants modulate the innate immune system and elicit protection in zebrafish larvae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:421-429. [PMID: 31195115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we present immunostimulant-loaded nanoliposomes (NLc) as a strategy to protect zebrafish larvae against bacterial infection. The NLc encapsulate crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a synthetic analogue of viral dsRNA. Fluorescently-labeled NLc were ingested by zebrafish larvae 4 days post fertilization, when administrated by bath immersion, and accumulated in the intestine. RT-qPCR analysis showed the expression of innate immune related genes (tnfα, il1β, nos2a, irf1a and ptgs2a) was significantly upregulated at 48 h post NLc treatment. A zebrafish larvae infection model for Aeromonas hydrophila was set up by bath immersion, achieving bacterial-dose-dependent significant differences in survival at day 5 post infection in both injured and non-injured larvae. Using this model, NLc protected non-injured zebrafish larvae against an A. hydrophila lethal infection. In contrast, neither the empty nanoliposomes nor the mixture of immunostimulants could protect larvae against lethal challenges. Our results demonstrate that nanoliposomes could be further developed as an efficient carrier, widening the scope for delivery of other immunostimulants in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Merino
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Tomás
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Adams A. Progress, challenges and opportunities in fish vaccine development. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:210-214. [PMID: 31039441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2014 the contribution of aquaculture to supply food for human consumption overtook wild-caught fish for the first time. Despite improvements in the aquaculture industry, it has been estimated that as much as 10% of all cultured aquatic animals are lost because of infectious diseases, amounting to >10 billion USD in losses annually on a global scale. Vaccination to prevent disease is used routinely in finfish aquaculture, especially for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), while in a limited capacity (or not at all) in many other fish species due to lack of vaccines, poor performance or cost. There has, nevertheless, been impressive progress in fish vaccine development over the last 4 decades with 24 licenced fish vaccines now commercially available for use in a variety of fish species. These comprise whole killed, peptide subunit, recombinant protein, DNA and live attenuated vaccines. Challenges do, however, still exist as the majority of commercial vaccines are killed whole cell pathogen preparations administered by intraperitoneal injection. This may not be the optimal route to deliver some vaccines, but lack of effective adjuvants and basic knowledge on immune response has hindered progress in the development of mucosal vaccines. The cost of injecting fish may also be prohibitive in some countries leading to disease treatment (e.g. with antibiotics) rather than using preventative measures. It is important that these issues are addressed as the industry continues to grow globally. Exciting opportunities exist for rapid development of fish vaccines in the future, with continued reduction in cost of technologies (e.g. of whole genome sequencing), regulations changing (e.g. DNA vaccines can now authorised in Europe), the introduction of novel antigen expression and delivery systems (such as virus-like particles, VLPs), development of novel adjuvants and advancements in the elucidation of basic mechanisms of mucosal immunity. Development of effective mucosal vaccines and optimisation of their delivery will facilitate novel vaccine development, and enable the aquaculture industries in LMIC to use vaccination routinely in the future. In addition, effective use of emergency (autogenous) vaccines will assist in tackling emerging disease challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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26
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Gonzalez-Silvera D, Guardiola FA, Espinosa C, Chaves-Pozo E, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Recombinant nodavirus vaccine produced in bacteria and administered without purification elicits humoral immunity and protects European sea bass against infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:458-463. [PMID: 30877059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Viral necrosis virus (NNV) or nodavirus causes fish viral encephalopathy and retinopathy worldwide. In some cases, mortalities in aquaculture industry can reach up to 100%, some species being especially sensitive as is the case of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), one of the main cultured species in the Mediterranean, with the consequent economical loses. Development of new vaccines against NNV is in the spotlight though few researches have focused in European sea bass. In this study we have generated a recombinant NNV (rNNV) vaccine produced in Escherichia coli expressing the capsid protein and administered it to European sea bass juveniles by two different routes (intraperitoneal and oral). The last being considered non-stressful and desired for fish farming of small fish, which in fact are the most affected by NNV. Oral vaccine was composed of feed pellets containing the recombinant whole bacteria, and injected vaccine was composed of recombinant bacteria previously lysed. Our results revealed production of specific anti-NNV IgM following the two vaccination procedures, levels that were further increased in orally-vaccinated group after challenge with NNV. Genes related to interferon (IFN), T-cell and immunoglobulin markers were scarcely regulated in head-kidney (HK), gut or brain. Vaccination by either route elicited a relative survival response of 100% after NNV challenge. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recombinant vaccine followed by no purification steps which resulted in a complete protection in European sea bass when challenged with NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez-Silvera
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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27
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Pannetier P, Morin B, Clérandeau C, Lacroix C, Cabon J, Cachot J, Danion M. Comparative biomarker responses in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and challenged with betanodavirus at three different life stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:964-976. [PMID: 30380501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is now well documented that several contaminants can modulate the fish immune system, leading to disrupted host resistance against pathogens and increased incidence of disease. Since fish are usually co-exposed to chemicals and pathogens in the natural environment, analysis of the immunotoxic effects of pollutants is particularly relevant. The authorities in the European Union have recommended the development of toxicity assays on cell cultures and embryos, as an alternative to testing in vertebrates. This is why in our study, a fish immune challenge assay was developed for the early life stages of Japanese medaka to evaluate and compare the relevance of new biomarkers. Fish were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a model pollutant, for 8days at the embryonic stage, or for 48h at the larvae and juvenile stages, and fish were infected with betanodavirus by bath-challenge of 106TCID50/mL. Biometric changes and induction of malformations were observed after embryonic exposure. DNA damage and induction of EROD activity were recorded at the end of all chemical exposures. Viral infection increased the mortality rate significantly and disturbed the behavior of fish after light stimulation. While BaP exposure increased swimming speed, betanodavirus infection slowed swimming activity. In larvae co-exposed to BaP and the virus, the viral titer in the whole body was higher than in fish infected only with the virus. This study highlighted the sensitivity and usefulness of the immune challenge assay on the early life stages of Japanese medaka to evaluate the toxic effects of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pannetier
- Bordeaux University, EPOC Laboratory, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Bordeaux University, EPOC Laboratory, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Camille Lacroix
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), 715 Rue Alain Colas, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Joëlle Cabon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Bordeaux University, EPOC Laboratory, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Morgane Danion
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Virus-Like Particles-Based Mucosal Nanovaccines. NANOVACCINES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120988 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31668-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein complexes that resemble a virus and constitute highly immunogenic entities as they mimic the pathogen at an important degree. Among nanovaccines, those based on VLPs are the most successful thus far with some formulations already commercialized (e.g., those against hepatitis B and E viruses and human papillomavirus). This chapter highlights the advantages of VLPs-based vaccines, describing approaches for their design and transmittance of the state of the art for mucosal VLPs-based vaccines development. Several candidates have been produced in insect cells, plants, and E. coli and mammalian cells; they have been mainly evaluated in i.n. and oral immunization schemes. i.n. vaccines against the influenza virus and the Norwalk virus are the most advanced applications. For the latter, i.n. formulations are under clinical evaluation. Perspectives for the field comprise the expansion of the use of low-cost platforms such as plants and bacteria, the development of multiepitopic/multivalent vaccines, and computationally designed VLPs. Mucosal VLPs-based vaccines stand as a major promising approach in vaccinology and the initiation of more clinical trials is envisaged in a short time.
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