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To H, Akaike Y, Kon M, Koike F, Shibuya K, Sasakawa C, Nagai S. Characterization of an atypical Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 2 isolate with a rough-type lipopolysaccharide. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:157-162. [PMID: 36477365 PMCID: PMC10017293 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe phenotypic and genetic characterization of an atypical Japanese Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolate OT761. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that gene clusters involved in capsular polysaccharide and O-polysaccharide (O-PS) biosynthesis of the isolate were nearly identical to those of serovar 2 reference strain. The main difference found between the O-PS loci is the shortening of 31 amino acids from the C terminus of WcaJ in the atypical isolate due to a 93 bp deletion at the 3' end of wcaJ gene. Immunoblot analysis revealed that this isolate could not produce O-PS. Taken together, our results showed that the C-terminal domain of the A. pleuropneumoniae WcaJ plays a critical role in enzyme function of WcaJ involved in the biosynthesis of O-PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture and Aquaculture, University of Cuu Long, Vinh Long, VietNam
| | - Yuta Akaike
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiha Kon
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Müllebner A, Sassu EL, Ladinig A, Frömbling J, Miller I, Ehling-Schulz M, Hennig-Pauka I, Duvigneau JC. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae triggers IL-10 expression in tonsils to mediate colonisation and persistence of infection in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:17-23. [PMID: 30458998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) persisting in clinically healthy pigs may be the causative agent of sudden outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in swine herds. During the course of acute disease, the pathogen is eliminated from inflamed lung tissue, which is characterized by the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an influx of neutrophils. However, if clearance by the porcine immune system fails, APP may switch to a persistent form. At later stages of infection, the pathogen may reside in tonsillar tissue without being eliminated by the host immune defence. To better understand the host immune response at different stages of infection, expression pattern of cytokines in tonsils and lung were recorded. In contrast to lung tissue, in which APP presence was associated with a pronounced pro-inflammatory character, APP presence in the tonsils elicited an increased IL-10 expression. In both organs of infected animals, a marked reciprocal correlation of the pro-inflammatory IL-17A and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 was found, supporting the idea that both cytokines are produced in highly associated, but reciprocal differentiated cell types, possibly APP-specific Th17 subsets. It appears that a persistent phenotype of APP triggers the anti-inflammatory immune response in tonsillar tissue in an attempt to evade the porcine immune defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Müllebner
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elena L Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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To H, Teshima K, Nagai S, Zielinski GC, Koyama T, Lee J, Bessone FA, Nagano T, Oshima A, Tsutsumi N. Characterization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field strains antigenically related to the 3-6-8-15 group from diseased pigs in Japan and Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 50:12-22. [PMID: 28886933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the serovar of a collection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains within the 3-6-8-15 cross-reacting group and to analyze their phenotypic and genetic properties. Based on the serological tests, forty-seven field strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from lungs with pleuropneumonia lesions in Japan and Argentina were found to be serovars belonging to the 3-6-8-15 cross-reacting group. By using a capsule loci-based PCR, twenty-nine (96.7%) and one (3.3%) from Japan were identified as serovars 15 and 8, respectively, whereas seventeen (100%) from Argentina were identified as serovar 8. The findings suggested that serovars 8 and 15 were prevalent within the 3-6-8-15 cross-reacting group, in Argentina and Japan, respectively. Phenotypic analyses revealed that the protein patterns observed on SDS-PAGE and the lipopolysaccharide antigen detected by immunoblotting of the reference and field strains of serovars 8 and 15 were similar to each other. Genetic (16S rDNA, apxIIA, apxIIIA, cps, cpx genes, apx and omlA patterns) analyses revealed that the apxIIA and apxIIIA genes of the field strains of serovars 8 and 15 were similar to those of the reference strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15. The results obtained in the present study may be useful for the development of more effective vaccines against disease caused by A. pleuropneumoniae by including the homologous antigens to the most prevalent serovars in specific geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan.
| | - Kaho Teshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Gustavo C Zielinski
- Animal Health Group, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, INTA, CC n°21 (2580), Marcos Juarez, Province of Cordoba, Argentina.
| | - Tomohiro Koyama
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Jina Lee
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Fernando A Bessone
- Animal Health Group, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, INTA, CC n°21 (2580), Marcos Juarez, Province of Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Tetsuji Nagano
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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Sassu EL, Frömbling J, Duvigneau JC, Miller I, Müllebner A, Gutiérrez AM, Grunert T, Patzl M, Saalmüller A, von Altrock A, Menzel A, Ganter M, Spergser J, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Verspohl J, Ehling-Schulz M, Hennig-Pauka I. Host-pathogen interplay at primary infection sites in pigs challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:64. [PMID: 28245826 PMCID: PMC5329957 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and causes significant losses in the pig industry worldwide. Early host immune response is crucial for further progression of the disease. A. pleuropneumoniae is either rapidly eliminated by the immune system or switches to a long-term persistent form. To gain insight into the host-pathogen interaction during the early stages of infection, pigs were inoculated intratracheally with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 and humanely euthanized eight hours after infection. Gene expression studies of inflammatory cytokines and the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein were carried out by RT-qPCR from the lung, liver, tonsils and salivary gland. In addition, the concentration of cytokines and acute phase proteins were measured by quantitative immunoassays in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum and saliva. In parallel to the analyses of host response, the impact of the host on the bacterial pathogen was assessed on a metabolic level. For the latter, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR-) spectroscopy was employed. Results Significant cytokine and acute phase protein gene expression was detected in the lung and the salivary gland however this was not observed in the tonsils. In parallel to the analyses of host response, the impact of the host on the bacterial pathogen was assessed on a metabolic level. For the latter investigations, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR-) spectroscopy was employed. The bacteria isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract showed distinct IR spectral patterns reflecting the organ-specific acute phase response of the host. Conclusions In summary, this study implies a metabolic adaptation of A. pleuropneumoniae to the porcine upper respiratory tract already during early infection, which might indicate a first step towards the persistence of A. pleuropneumoniae. Not only in lung, but also in the salivary gland an increased inflammatory gene expression was detectable during the acute stage of infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0979-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Müllebner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana M Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tom Grunert
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Patzl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Menzel
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jutta Verspohl
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Sassu EL, Ladinig A, Talker SC, Stadler M, Knecht C, Stein H, Frömbling J, Richter B, Spergser J, Ehling-Schulz M, Graage R, Hennig-Pauka I, Gerner W. Frequency of Th17 cells correlates with the presence of lung lesions in pigs chronically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Res 2017; 48:4. [PMID: 28166835 PMCID: PMC5294905 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) remains one of the major causes of poor growth performance and respiratory disease in pig herds. While the role of antibodies against APP has been intensely studied, the porcine T cell response remains poorly characterized. To address this, pigs were intranasally infected with APP serotype 2 and euthanized during the acute phase [6-10 days post-infection (dpi)] or the chronic phase of APP infection (27-31 dpi). Lymphocytes isolated from blood, tonsils, lung tissue and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for IL-17A, IL-10 and TNF-α production after in vitro stimulation with crude capsular extract (CCE) of the APP inoculation strain. This was combined with cell surface staining for the expression of CD4, CD8α and TCR-γδ. Clinical records, microbiological investigations and pathological findings confirmed the induction of a subclinical APP infection. ICS-assays revealed the presence of APP-CCE specific CD4+CD8αdim IL-17A-producing T cells in blood and lung tissue in most infected animals during the acute and chronic phase of infection and a minor fraction of these cells co-produced TNF-α. APP-CCE specific IL-17A-producing γδ T cells could not be found and APP-CCE specific IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells were present in various organs but only in a few infected animals. The frequency of identified putative Th17 cells (CD4+CD8αdimIL-17A+) in lung and blood correlated positively with lung lesion scores and APP-specific antibody titers during the chronic phase. These results suggest a potential role of Th17 cells in the immune pathogenesis of APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Stein
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Graage
- Division of Swine Medicine, Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Abstract
The introduction into a naïve herd of animals sub-clinically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is frequently the cause of clinical pleuropneumonia and the identification of such infected herds is a priority in the control of disease. Different serological tests for App have been developed and a number of these are routinely used. Some are species-specific whereas others identify more specifically the serotype/serogroup involved which requires updated information about important serotypes recovered from diseased pigs in a given area/country. Serotyping methods based on molecular techniques have been developed lately and are ready to be used by most diagnostic laboratories. When non-conclusive serological results are obtained, direct detection of App from tonsils is sometimes attempted. This review addresses different techniques and approaches used to monitor herds sub-clinically infected by this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Center (CRIPA), Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.
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7
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Kuhnert P, Rohde J, Korczak BM. A new variant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3 lacking the entire apxII operon. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 23:556-9. [PMID: 21908290 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711404148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen causing pleuropneumonia in pig. The species is genetically characterized by the presence of 4 RTX (Repeats in the Structural ToXin) toxin genes: apxI, apxII, and apxIII genes are differentially present in various combinations among the different serotypes, thereby defining pathogenicity; the apxIV gene is present in all serotypes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based apx gene typing is done in many veterinary diagnostic laboratories, especially reference laboratories. The present report describes the isolation of atypical A. pleuropneumoniae from 4 independent cases from 2 countries. All isolates were beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) dependent and nonhemolytic but showed strong co-hemolysis with the sphingomyelinase of Staphylococcus aureus on sheep blood agar. Classical biochemical tests as well as Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and sequence-based analysis (16S ribosomal RNA [rRNA] and rpoB genes) identified them as A. pleuropneumoniae. Apx-toxin gene typing using 2 different PCR systems showed the presence of apxIV and only the apxIII operon (apxIIICABD). None of the apxI or apxII genes were present as confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene analyses as well as serotype-specific PCR indicate that the isolates are variants of serotype 3. Strains harboring only apxIV and the apxIII operon are possibly emerging types of A. pleuropneumoniae and should therefore be carefully monitored for epidemiological reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Laenggassstr. 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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O'Neill C, Jones SCP, Bossé JT, Watson CM, Williamson SM, Rycroft AN, Kroll JS, Hartley HM, Langford PR. Prevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars in England and Wales. Vet Rec 2010; 167:661-2. [PMID: 21257468 PMCID: PMC4851232 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C O'Neill
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London
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O’Neilla C, Jones SC, Bossé JT, Watson CM, Williamson SM, Rycroft AN, Simon Kroll J, Hartley HM, Langford PR. Population-based analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIVA for use as a DIVA antigen. Vaccine 2010; 28:4871-4874. [PMID: 20483193 PMCID: PMC4843962 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
APXIVA is an RTX toxin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that is a candidate antigen to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Insertion of ISApl1 into the apxIVA gene is known to compromise an APXIVA-based DIVA approach, as is potentially a TGG to TGA mutation in the apxIVA gene. ISApl1 was found in 63/349 (18.1%) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from England and Wales including serovars 2, 3, 6-8 and 12. No ISApl1 insertions into apxIVA were found. Only two serovar 3 isolates contained the TGG to TGA mutation. We conclude that an ApxIVA-based DIVA approach would potentially be viable in England and Wales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaragh O’Neilla
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Sophie C.P. Jones
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Janine T. Bossé
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Susanna M. Williamson
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2RX, UK
| | - Andrew N. Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mimms, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - J. Simon Kroll
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Paul R. Langford
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
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Dousse F, Thomann A, Brodard I, Korczak BM, Schlatter Y, Kuhnert P, Miserez R, Frey J. Routine Phenotypic Identification of Bacterial Species of the Family Pasteurellaceae Isolated from Animals. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:716-24. [PMID: 18987220 DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurellaceae are bacteria with an important role as primary or opportunistic, mainly respiratory, pathogens in domestic and wild animals. Some species of Pasteurellaceae cause severe diseases with high economic losses in commercial animal husbandry and are of great diagnostic concern. Because of new data on the phylogeny of Pasteurellaceae, their taxonomy has recently been revised profoundly, thus requiring an improved phenotypic differentiation procedure to identify the individual species of this family. A new and simplified procedure to identify species of Actinobacillus, Avibacterium, Gallibacterium, Haemophilus, Mannheimia, Nicoletella, and Pasteurella, which are most commonly isolated from clinical samples of diseased animals in veterinary diagnostic laboratories, is presented in the current study. The identification procedure was evaluated with 40 type and reference strains and with 267 strains from routine diagnostic analysis of various animal species, including 28 different bacterial species. Type, reference, and field strains were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA ( rrs) and rpoB gene sequencing for unambiguous species determination as a basis to evaluate the phenotypic differentiation schema. Primary phenotypic differentiation is based on β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) dependence and hemolysis, which are readily determined on the isolation medium. The procedure divides the 28 species into 4 groups for which particular biochemical reactions were chosen to identify the bacterial species. The phenotypic identification procedure allowed researchers to determine the species of 240 out of 267 field strains. The procedure is an easy and cost-effective system for the rapid identification of species of the Pasteurellaceae family isolated from clinical specimens of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Dousse
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Thomann
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Brodard
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bozena M. Korczak
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Schlatter
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Miserez
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Zhou L, Jones SCP, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. PCR specific for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3. Vet Rec 2008; 162:648-52. [PMID: 18487584 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.20.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Serotypes 3 and 8 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, have been reported to predominate in the UK. Direct serotyping of isolates of the organism is typically determined by the immunological reactivity of rabbit serum to its surface polysaccharides, but the method has limitations, for example, cross-reactions between serotypes 3, 6 and 8. This study describes the development of a serotype 3-specific pcr, based on the capsule locus, which can be used in a multiplex format with the organism's specific gene apxIV. The pcr test was evaluated on 266 strains of A pleuropneumoniae and 121 strains of other organisms, including all the major respiratory bacterial pathogens of pigs. The test was highly specific and sensitive and should be useful for differentiating strains of serotypes 3, 6 and 8, and in seroprevalence and epidemiological surveys in regions where serotype 3 is prevalent, such as the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London w2 1pg
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12
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Serrano-Rubio LE, Tenorio-Gutiérrez V, Suárez-Güemes F, Reyes-Cortés R, Rodríguez-Mendiola M, Arias-Castro C, Godínez-Vargas D, de la Garza M. Identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biovars 1 and 2 in pigs using a PCR assay. Mol Cell Probes 2008; 22:305-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou L, Jones SCP, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Multiplex PCR that can distinguish between immunologically cross- reactive serovar 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:800-3. [PMID: 18094137 PMCID: PMC2238117 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01787-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR, based on capsular loci and the species specific apxIV gene, that unequivocally differentiates serovar 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains that are cross-reactive in conventional immunological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Genetic diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3921-9. [PMID: 17959758 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00906-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was evaluated as a method for genotypic characterization and subtyping within the bacterial species Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. A total of 155 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, representing the serotypic variation described to occur within this species, were analyzed. In order to elucidate the species boundaries, six strains of the phylogenetically closely related species Actinobacillus lignieresii were also included. Furthermore, the ability of AFLP to subtype was studied using 42 isolates of serovar 2 and the performance compared to that obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis provided a clear separation of A. lignieresii and A. pleuropneumoniae and divided the isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae into 20 clusters. Most of the serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae were represented by single and quite homogeneous clusters. The exceptions were serovars 10, K2:O7, and K1:O7, which were represented by two clusters each. In the cases where the serovars were represented by more than one cluster, the existence of these clusters was supported by additional phenotypic or genotypic properties. Furthermore, AFLP typing was able to allocate serologically nontypeable isolates to appropriate genetic groups within the species. Further investigations are needed to determine whether some of the clusters revealed through AFLP analysis represent additional serovars. When evaluated as a method for subtyping within serovar 2 of A. pleuropneumoniae, AFLP was found to achieve a degree of separation among isolates superior to that obtained by PFGE. However, a higher degree of separation between serovar 2 isolates was obtained by a combination of the two methods.
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