1
|
Mendoza W, Isaza JP, López L, López-Herrera A, Gutiérrez LA. Bovine Leukemia Virus molecular detection and associated factors among dairy herd workers in Antioquia, Colombia. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107253. [PMID: 38782108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) affects mainly cattle, is transmitted by exposure to contaminated biological fluids, and generates lymphomas in 5 % of infected animals. The zoonotic potential of BLV has been studied, and it is currently unknown if it circulates in human workers on dairy herds in Antioquia. Objective: To determine the frequency of BLV detection, the genotypes of the virus, and the factors associated with its detection in workers for dairy herds in Antioquia, Colombia. Through a cross-sectional study in 51 dairy herds, 164 adults were recruited. A peripheral blood sample was collected from each participant for molecular detection of the BLV env and tax genes, and associated factors were explored through bivariate and multivariate mixed Poisson model analyses. The analysis showed that 82 % (134/164) of the participants were men, with an average age of 40. Using qPCR, the constitutive gene GAPDH was amplified to evaluate the presence of amplification inhibitors in the DNA samples. Using nested PCR, the amplification of the env viral gene was obtained in 13 % (22/164) of the total samples analyzed, while all the samples tested negative for tax. The amplicons of the env gene were sequenced, and the identity compatible with BLV was verified by BLAST analysis (NCBI). Using molecular phylogeny analysis, based on maximum likelihood and haplotype network analysis, it was identified that BLV genotype 1 is present in the evaluated population. 16 % (26/164) of the participants reported having ever had an accident with surgical material during work with cattle; this variable was associated with BLV positivity even after adjusting for other variables (PRa =2.70, 95 % CI= 1.01- 7.21). Considering that other studies have reported the circulation of BLV genotype 1 in cattle from this same region and the present report in humans from dairy herds, the results suggest a possible zoonotic transmission of BLV genotype 1 in Antioquia, reinforcing the need to continue investigating to determine the potential role of this virus as an etiological agent of disease in livestock farmers in the department.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willington Mendoza
- Grupo Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Isaza
- Grupo Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lucelly López
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Albeiro López-Herrera
- Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad y Genética Molecular (BIOGEM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina A Gutiérrez
- Grupo Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Úsuga-Monroy C, Díaz FJ, González-Herrera LG, Echeverry-Zuluaga JJ, López-Herrera A. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequences of the env and tax BLV genes reveals the presence of genotypes 1 and 3 in dairy herds of Antioquia, Colombia. Virusdisease 2023; 34:483-497. [PMID: 38046065 PMCID: PMC10686916 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that primarily infects dairy cows. Although few studies have also used the tax gene, phylogenetic studies of BLV use mostly the env gene. The aim of this work was to establish the circulating genotypes of BLV in specialized dairy cattle from Antioquia, Colombia. Twenty blood samples from Holstein Friesian cows were collected, and their DNA was isolated. A PCR was performed for a partial region of the env and tax genes. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for both genes. Nineteen sequences were identified as genotype 1 by env and tax genes. Only one sequence was clustered with genotype 3 and had the highest proportion of different nucleotide sites compared to other strains. Four amino acid substitutions in the 134 amino acid residue fragment of the Env protein were identified in the Colombian sequences, and three new amino acid substitutions were reported in the 296 amino acid residue fragment of the Tax protein. R43K (Z finger), A185T (Activation domain), and L105F changes were identified in the genotype 3 sample. This genotype has been reported in the United States, Japan, Korea, and Mexico, but so far, not in Colombia. The country has a high rate of imported live animals, semen, and embryos, especially from the United States. Although it is necessary to evaluate samples from other regions of the country, the current results indicate the presence of two BLV genotypes in specialized dairy herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Úsuga-Monroy
- Grupo BIOGEM, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Calle 65 No 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - F. J. Díaz
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis Gabriel González-Herrera
- Grupo BIOGEM, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Calle 65 No 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José Julián Echeverry-Zuluaga
- Grupo BIOGEM, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Calle 65 No 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Albeiro López-Herrera
- Grupo BIOGEM, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Calle 65 No 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molecular Characterization of the env Gene of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle from Pakistan with NGS-Based Evidence of Virus Heterogeneity. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070910. [PMID: 34358060 PMCID: PMC8308526 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the global genetic diversity of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an ongoing international research effort. Up to now BLV sequences have been classified into eleven distinct genotypes. Although BLV genotyping and molecular analysis of field isolates were reported in many countries, there is no report describing BLV genotypes present in cattle from Pakistan. In this study we examined 27 env gene sequences from BLV-infected cattle coming from four farms located in Khyber Pakhtunkwa, Gilgit Baltisan and Punjab provinces. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the classification of Pakistani sequences into genotypes G1 and G6. The alignment with the FLK-BLV sequence revealed the presence of 45 mutations, namely, seven in genotype G1 and 33 in genotype G6. Five mutations were found in both, G1 and G6 genotypes. Twelve amino acid substitutions were found in the analyzed sequences, of which only one P264S was specific for sequences from Pakistan. Furthermore, a certain degree of nucleotide heterogeneity was identified by NGS. These results highlight the need for further study on the importance of genetic variability of BLV, especially in the context of its pathogenicity and potential effect on serological detection.
Collapse
|
4
|
Phylogenetic Analysis of South African Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) Isolates. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080898. [PMID: 32824449 PMCID: PMC7472093 DOI: 10.3390/v12080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) causes chronic lymphoproliferative disorder and fatal lymphosarcoma in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in the beef and dairy industries. BLV is endemic globally and eleven genotypes have been identified. To date, only Zambian isolates have been genotyped from Africa. Although high BLV prevalence has been reported in South Africa, there has been no molecular characterisation of South African BLV isolates. To characterise BLV isolates in South Africa for the first time, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships and compared the genetic variability of eight South African BLV isolates with BLV isolates representing the eleven known genotypes from different geographical regions worldwide. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length and partial env sequences as well as full-length gag sequences revealed that at least two genotypes, genotypes 1 (G1) and 4 (G4), are present in cattle in South Africa, which is consistent with studies from Zambia. However, our analysis revealed that the G1 South African isolate is more similar to other G1 isolates than the G1 Zambian isolates whereas, the G4 South African isolates are more divergent from other G4 isolates but closely related to the G4 Zambian isolate. Lastly, amino acid sequence alignment identified genotype-specific as well as novel amino acid substitutions in the South African isolates. The detection of two genotypes (G1 and G4) in southern Africa highlights the urgent need for disease management and the development of an efficacious vaccine against local strains.
Collapse
|
5
|
LE DT, Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Okamoto M, Nguyen SV, Nguyen NH, Sugiura K, Miura T, Haga T. Detection and genotyping of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in Vietnamese cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1042-1050. [PMID: 32475959 PMCID: PMC7399327 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the genus, Deltaretrovirus of the family, Retroviridae and it is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. The prevalence of BLV in three provinces in the Red River Delta Region in the North of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vinhphuc and Bacninh was studied from April 2017 to June 2018. A total of 275 blood samples collected from cattle were used for serum isolation and DNA extraction. Of these samples, 266 sera were subjected to ELISA test for detecting antibody against BLV gp51 protein and 152 DNA samples were used to detect the 444 bp fragment corresponding to a part of the gp51 region of the env by nested PCR. The results showed that 16.5% (n=44) and 21.1% (n=32) of samples were positive for BLV gp51 antibody and BLV proviral DNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial (423 bp) and complete (913 bp) BLV env-gp51 gene indicated that Vietnamese strains were clustered into genotypes 1, 6 and 10 (G1, G6 and G10). Of those genotypes, G1 genotype was dominant; G6 strains were designated as G6e and G6f subgenotypes; the existence of genotype 10 was confirmed for the first time in Vietnam. The present study provides important information regarding the prevalence of BLV infection and genetic characteristics of BLV strains identified in Vietnam, contributing to promote the establishment of disease control and eradication strategies in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dung Thi LE
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nanako Yamashita-Kawanishi
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mari Okamoto
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Son Vu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi100000, Vietnam
| | - Nam Huu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi100000, Vietnam
| | - Katsuaki Sugiura
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haga
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moe KK, Polat M, Borjigin L, Matsuura R, Hein ST, Moe HH, Aida Y. New evidence of bovine leukemia virus circulating in Myanmar cattle through epidemiological and molecular characterization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229126. [PMID: 32084185 PMCID: PMC7034883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes serious problems for the cattle industry. In this study, we examined the prevalence of BLV infection and the distribution of BLV genotypes in cattle in the northern, central, and southern parts of Myanmar. The prevalence of BLV infection among Myanmar cattle (37.04%) in this study was markedly higher than the prevalence (9.1%) observed in our earlier study in which BLV was detected from the limited number of cattle only from a small area of Myanmar. Phylogenetic analysis of partial env-gp51 sequence of the isolated BLV strains revealed that there are at least three BLV genotypes (genotype-1, genotype-6, and genotype-10) in Myanmar, which have also been detected in the neighboring countries. We performed this study to estimate the BLV proviral load, which is a major diagnosis index for determining the virus transmission risk. The cattle of the three test regions with warm, wet, and humid climatic conditions (upper Sagaing, Yangon, and Kayin) exhibited a high mean proviral load, while cattle of three other regions with low annual rainfall and very high temperature (Mandalay, Magway, and upper Bago) exhibited a low mean proviral load. Further, the level of proviral load and the prevalence of BLV infection in Myanmar native cattle (N = 235) were lower than that in the hybrid cattle (Holstein Friesian × Myanmar native) (N = 62). We also observed that the cattle with high risk for BLV transmission, which have high proviral load, may enhance the BLV infection rate. Hence, to control BLV transmission, it is necessary to eliminate these cattle with high-risk for BLV transmission and to diagnose BLV provirus in cattle in the remaining regions/states of Myanmar sharing a boundary with neighboring countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Kyaw Moe
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Meripet Polat
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Liushiqi Borjigin
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Si Thu Hein
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Hla Hla Moe
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Yoko Aida
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Corredor-Figueroa AP, Salas S, Olaya-Galán NN, Quintero JS, Fajardo Á, Soñora M, Moreno P, Cristina J, Sánchez A, Tobón J, Ortiz D, Gutiérrez MF. Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of bovine leukemia virus in Colombian cattle. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 80:104171. [PMID: 31904555 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is one of the five agents considered most significant for cattle. It is important to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of BLV throughout the country in order to gain a more thorough understanding of the current situation of BLV and to reveal the possibility of masked genotypes that the primers used by OIE are unable to identify. Blood samples were collected at random from 289 cows distributed in 75 farms across the country. PCR amplification of env, gag and tax gene segments was performed. The obtained amplicons were sequenced and then subjected to phylogenetic analyses. A total of 62% of the cows present at 92% of the farms were BLV-positive for gag fragment. Genotype 1 was exclusively detected by env gene segment when analyzed using previously reported primers. However, tax gene analysis revealed circulation of genotype 6 variants, which were also detected based on env gene analysis with newly designed primers. These results indicate that current genotyping approaches based on partial env sequencing may bias BLV genetic variability approaches and underestimate the diversity of the detected BLV genotypes. This report is one of the first molecular and epidemiological studies of BLV conducted in Colombia, which contributes to the global epidemiology of the virus; it also highlights the substantial impact of BLV on the country's livestock and thus is a useful resource for farmers and government entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Patricia Corredor-Figueroa
- Universidad ECCI, Cra. 19 No. 49-20, Bogotá 111311, Colombia; Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogotá́ 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Sandra Salas
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogotá́ 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Nury Nathalia Olaya-Galán
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogotá́ 11001000, Colombia; PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 N° 63C-69, Bogotá́ 112111, Colombia
| | - Juan Sebastián Quintero
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogotá́ 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Álvaro Fajardo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Mataojo 2055, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Martín Soñora
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Mataojo 2055, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Pilar Moreno
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Mataojo 2055, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Juan Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Mataojo 2055, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios - VECOL, Av.Eldorado 82-93, Bogotá 110931, Colombia
| | - Julio Tobón
- Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios - VECOL, Av.Eldorado 82-93, Bogotá 110931, Colombia.
| | - Diego Ortiz
- Agrosavia, Km 14 Vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda Gutiérrez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogotá́ 11001000, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Chen L, Dong M, Huang W, Hao X, Peng Y, Gong Z, Qin A, Shang S, Yang Z. Molecular characterization of bovine leukemia virus reveals existence of genotype 4 in Chinese dairy cattle. Virol J 2019; 16:108. [PMID: 31455344 PMCID: PMC6712836 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leucosis and is widely spread worldwide, except several European countries, Australia and New Zealand. Although BLV is highly prevalent in China, information about the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of BLV among Chinese dairy herds is still lacking. To determine the genetic variability of BLV, 219 cows from four cities of Ningxia province of China were screened for BLV infection by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-PCR and sequencing, 16 selected positive samples were subjected to molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method on complete sequences of envelope (env) gene of BLV obtained from China and those available in GenBank (representing BLV genotypes 1-10) revealed that those Chinese strains belonged to genotypes 4 and 6. Totally, 23 mutations were identified and 16 of them were determined to be unique mutations among Chinese strains. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated six mutations in glycoprotein 51 (gp51) and three mutations in glycoprotein 30 (gp30) located in the identified neutralizing domain (ND), CD8+ T cell epitope, E-epitope, B-epitope, gp51N12 and cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane protein. This study reported for the first time the BLV genotype 4 in China, and further studies are warranted to compare its immunogenicity and pathogenicity with other BLV genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maoli Dong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjiang Huang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Victor Pharmaceutical Company of Limited Liability, Zhenjiang, 212132, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalan Peng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaicheng Gong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhangping Yang
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu C, Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y. Genotyping bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle of Heilongjiang, northeastern China. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:179. [PMID: 31142319 PMCID: PMC6542110 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle and leads to heavy economic losses in the husbandry industry. Heilongjiang Province, China, is rich in dairy cattle. However, its current BLV epidemiology and genotypes have still not been evaluated and confirmed. In this report, we investigated the BLV epidemiology in dairy cattle in the major regions of Heilongjiang Province via the nested PCR assay. Results A total of 730 blood samples were collected from nine different farms in six regions of Heilongjiang. The results showed that the infection rate of these regions ranged from null to 31%. With a clustering analysis of 60 published BLV env sequences, genotypes 1 and 6 were confirmed to be circulating in Heilongjiang. Importantly, a new genotype, 11, and a new subgenotype, 6E, were also identified in the Harbin and Daqing regions, respectively. An epitope analysis showed that a cluster of T-X-D-X-R-XXXX-A sequences in genotype 11 gp51 neutralizing domain 2 was unique among all currently known BLV isolates and was therefore a defining feature of this new genotype. Conclusions BLV epidemics and genotypes were initially investigated in dairy cattle of Heilongjiang. A relatively high infection rate was found in some regions of this province. A new genotype, G11, with a highly specific motif, was identified and thus added as a new member to the current BLV genotype family. This report provides an initial reference for future investigations and subsequent control of BLV transmission and spread in this region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1863-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gautam S, Mishra N, Kalaiyarasu S, Jhade SK, Sood R. Molecular Characterization of Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) Strains Reveals Existence of Genotype 6 in Cattle in India with evidence of a new subgenotype. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1968-1978. [PMID: 30044055 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic leucosis in cattle and is prevalent worldwide. Although recent studies have shown that BLV strains can be classified into 10 distinct genotypes, no information is available regarding the BLV genotype prevalent in cattle in India. To determine the genetic variability in BLV, in this study, 118 adult dairy cows from three states of India were screened for BLV infection by env gp51-specific ELISA and nested PCR. Of the 33 cows found positive by both PCR and ELISA, 10 selected BLV strains were subjected to molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analyses of partial and full-length env gp51 gene sequences of Indian BLV strains and other geographical diverse BLV strains representing all the 10 genotypes revealed that Indian strains belonged to BLV genotype 6. Although Indian strains showed close genetic proximity with the strains circulating in South America, they were classified into a new subgenotype within genotype 6. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences in gp51 demonstrated substitutions mainly in conformational epitope G, neutralizing domain 2 and linear epitope D, with a novel mutation (threonine to alanine at residue 252) found in D-epitope of all the Indian BLV strains. Although serological evidence of BLV infection in India has been reported earlier, this study on molecular characterization of BLV strains established the existence of BLV genotype 6 in India. Additionally, the results of this study highlight the importance of genetic analysis of geographically diverse BLV strains to understand BLV global genetic diversity and further studies are required to determine BLV genetic diversity and extent of BLV infection in cattle in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gautam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Niranjan Mishra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Semmannan Kalaiyarasu
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Jhade
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Richa Sood
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Polat M, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus. Virol J 2017; 14:209. [PMID: 29096657 PMCID: PMC5669023 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic member of the Deltaretrovirus genus, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I and II). BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes important economic losses. In this review, we provide a summary of available information about commonly used diagnostic approaches for the detection of BLV infection, including both serological and viral genome-based methods. We also outline genotyping methods used for the phylogenetic analysis of BLV, including PCR restriction length polymorphism and modern DNA sequencing-based methods. In addition, detailed epidemiological information on the prevalence of BLV in cattle worldwide is presented. Finally, we summarize the various BLV genotypes identified by the phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome and env gp51 sequences of BLV strains in different countries and discuss the distribution of BLV genotypes worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Bovine Leukemia Virus Vaccine Laboratory RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Bovine Leukemia Virus Vaccine Laboratory RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pluta A, Rola-Łuszczak M, Kubiś P, Balov S, Moskalik R, Choudhury B, Kuźmak J. Molecular characterization of bovine leukemia virus from Moldovan dairy cattle. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1563-1576. [PMID: 28213870 PMCID: PMC5425504 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a disease that has worldwide distribution. Whilst it has been eradicated in most of Western Europe and Scandinavia, it remains a problem in other regions, particularly Eastern Europe and South America. For this study, in 2013, 24 cattle from three farms in three regions of Moldova were screened by ELISA and nested PCR. Of these cattle, 14 which were PCR positive, and these were molecularly characterized based on the nucleotide sequence of the env gene and the deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded gp51 protein. Our results demonstrated a low level of genetic variability (0-2.9%) among BLV field strains from Moldova, in contrast to that observed for other retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (20-38%) Mason IL (Trudy vologod moloch Inst 146–164, 1970) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) (~40%) Willems L et al (AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
16(16):1787–1795, 2000), where the envelope gene exhibits high levels of variation Polat M et al (Retrovirology
13(1):4, 2016). Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis revealed that BLV genotype 7 (G7) is predominant in Moldova and that the BLV population in Moldovan cattle is a mixture of at least three new sub-genotypes: G7D, G7E and G4C. Neutrality tests revealed that negative selection was the major force operating upon the 51-kDa BLV envelope surface glycoprotein subunit gp51, although one positively selected site within conformational epitope G was detected in the N-terminal part of gp51. Furthermore, two functional domains, linear epitope B and the zinc-binding domain, were found to have an elevated ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous codon differences. Together, these data suggest that the evolutionary constraints on epitopes G and B and the zinc-binding domains of gp51 differ from those on the other domains, with a tendency towards formation of homogenous genetic groups, which is a common concept of global BLV diversification during virus transmission that may be associated with genetic drift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pluta
- OIE Reference Laboratory for EBL, Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Marzena Rola-Łuszczak
- OIE Reference Laboratory for EBL, Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubiś
- OIE Reference Laboratory for EBL, Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Svetlana Balov
- Republican Center for Veterinary Diagnostic, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Roman Moskalik
- Scientific Practical Institute for Biotechnologies and Zootechny and Veterinary Medicine, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Bhudipa Choudhury
- OIE Reference Laboratory for EBL, Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - Jacek Kuźmak
- OIE Reference Laboratory for EBL, Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Y, Kelly PJ, Bai J, Zhang R, Wang C. First Molecular Characterization of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infections in the Caribbean. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168379. [PMID: 27977761 PMCID: PMC5158060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leucosis. To investigate the presence and genetic variability of BLV in the Caribbean for the first time, we preformed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-PCR for the pol of BLV on DNA from whole blood of cattle from Dominica, Montserrat, Nevis and St. Kitts. Standard PCRs with primers for the env were used for phylogenetic analysis of BLV in positive animals. We found FRET-PCR positive cattle (12.6%, 41/325) on Dominica (5.2%; 4/77) and St. Kitts (19.2%; 37/193) but not on Montserrat (0%, 0/12) or Nevis (0%, 0/43). Positive animals were cows on farms where animals were raised intensively. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method on partial and full-length env sequences obtained for strains from Dominica (n = 2) and St. Kitts (n = 5) and those available in GenBank (n = 90) (genotypes 1-10) revealed the Caribbean strains belonged to genotype 1 (98-100% sequence homology). Ours is the first molecular characterization of BLV infections in the Caribbean and the first description of genotype 1 in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Kansas, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Patrick John Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Kansas, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CW); (JB)
| | - Rong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CW); (JB)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polat M, Moe HH, Shimogiri T, Moe KK, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. The molecular epidemiological study of bovine leukemia virus infection in Myanmar cattle. Arch Virol 2016; 162:425-437. [PMID: 27771791 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. BLV infects cattle worldwide and affects both health status and productivity. However, no studies have examined the distribution of BLV in Myanmar, and the genetic characteristics of Myanmar BLV strains are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect BLV infection in Myanmar and examine genetic variability. Blood samples were obtained from 66 cattle from different farms in four townships of the Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory of central Myanmar. BLV provirus was detected by nested PCR and real-time PCR targeting BLV long terminal repeats. Results were confirmed by nested PCR targeting the BLV env-gp51 gene and real-time PCR targeting the BLV tax gene. Out of 66 samples, six (9.1 %) were positive for BLV provirus. A phylogenetic tree, constructed using five distinct partial and complete env-gp51 sequences from BLV strains isolated from three different townships, indicated that Myanmar strains were genotype-10. A phylogenetic tree constructed from whole genome sequences obtained by sequencing cloned, overlapping PCR products from two Myanmar strains confirmed the existence of genotype-10 in Myanmar. Comparative analysis of complete genome sequences identified genotype-10-specific amino acid substitutions in both structural and non-structural genes, thereby distinguishing genotype-10 strains from other known genotypes. This study provides information regarding BLV infection levels in Myanmar and confirms that genotype-10 is circulating in Myanmar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hla Hla Moe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Takeshi Shimogiri
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kyaw Kyaw Moe
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Polat M, Takeshima SN, Hosomichi K, Kim J, Miyasaka T, Yamada K, Arainga M, Murakami T, Matsumoto Y, de la Barra Diaz V, Panei CJ, González ET, Kanemaki M, Onuma M, Giovambattista G, Aida Y. A new genotype of bovine leukemia virus in South America identified by NGS-based whole genome sequencing and molecular evolutionary genetic analysis. Retrovirology 2016; 13:4. [PMID: 26754835 PMCID: PMC4709907 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of retroviridae family, together with human T cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2) belonging to the genes deltaretrovirus, and infects cattle worldwide. Previous studies have classified the env sequences of BLV provirus from different geographic locations into eight genetic groups. To investigate the genetic variability of BLV in South America, we performed phylogenetic analyses of whole genome and partial env gp51 sequences of BLV strains isolated from Peru, Paraguay and Bolivia, for which no the molecular characteristics of BLV have previously been published, and discovered a novel BLV genotype, genotype-9, in Bolivia. RESULTS In Peru and Paraguay, 42.3 % (139/328) and over 50 % (76/139) of samples, respectively, were BLV positive. In Bolivia, the BLV infection rate was up to 30 % (156/507) at the individual level. In Argentina, 325/420 samples were BLV positive, with a BLV prevalence of 77.4 % at the individual level and up to 90.9 % at herd level. By contrast, relatively few BLV positive samples were detected in Chile, with a maximum of 29.1 % BLV infection at the individual level. We performed phylogenetic analyses using two different approaches, maximum likelihood (ML) tree and Bayesian inference, using 35 distinct partial env gp51 sequences from BLV strains isolated from Peru, Paraguay, and Bolivia, and 74 known BLV strains, representing eight different BLV genotypes from various geographical locations worldwide. The results indicated that Peruvian and Paraguayan BLV strains were grouped into genotypes-1, -2, and -6, while those from Bolivia were clustered into genotypes-1, -2, and -6, and a new genotype, genotype-9. Interestingly, these results were confirmed using ML phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences obtained by next generation sequencing of 25 BLV strains, assigned to four different genotypes (genotypes-1, -2, -6, and -9) from Peru, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Comparative analyses of complete genome sequences clearly showed some specific substitutions, in both structural and non-structural BLV genes, distinguishing the novel genotype-9 from known genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate widespread BLV infection in South American cattle and the existence of a new BLV genotype-9 in Bolivia. We conclude that at least seven BLV genotypes (genotypes-1, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, and -9) are circulating in South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Taku Miyasaka
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Yamada
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Mariluz Arainga
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Murakami
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | | | - Carlos Javier Panei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118, CC 296, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. .,IGEVET, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118, CC 296, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Ester Teresa González
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118, CC 296, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Misao Kanemaki
- Institute for Animal Science, Shitara-cho, Aichi, 441-2433, Japan.
| | - Misao Onuma
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Guillermo Giovambattista
- IGEVET, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118, CC 296, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee E, Kim EJ, Joung HK, Kim BH, Song JY, Cho IS, Lee KK, Shin YK. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gp51 gene from Korean bovine leukemia virus isolates. Virol J 2015; 12:64. [PMID: 25879943 PMCID: PMC4405874 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV) infection of cattle has been reported in Korea for more than three decades. However, to date, there have been few studies regarding Korean BLV since 1980s. Thus, the purpose of this study is to perform a diagnosis and molecular characterization of BLV strains circulating in Korea and to estimate genetic diversity of different genotypes of BLV. METHOD To investigate the distribution of BLV variants in the world and assess the evolutionary history of Korean BLV isolates, a comprehensive molecular analysis of the BLV env gp51 gene was conducted using recent worldwide BLV isolates. The isolates included 50 samples obtained from two cattle farms in southeastern Korea in 2014. RESULTS Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of partial 444-nt fragment sequences and complete gp51 sequences of BLV revealed eight distinct genotypes of BLV showing geographic distribution of the world. Most Korean BLV isolates were found to belong to genotype 1 which is a major genotype prevailed throughout the world, and only four isolates from one farm were classified as genotype 3 related to the US and Japan isolates. Analysis of amino acids of Korean BLV isolates showed several sequence substitutions in the leader peptide, conformational epitope, and neutralizing domain regions. The observations suggest the possibility of affecting on viral infectivity and formation. CONCLUSION Korean BLV isolates showed the close relationship to genotype 1 and 3. Further study to identify the diversity of BLV circulating in Korea is necessary with samples collected nationwide because this study is the first report of BLV genotype 3 being in circulation in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- EunJung Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ha-Kyung Joung
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo-Hye Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Anyang, 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeun-Kyung Shin
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Polat M, Ohno A, Takeshima SN, Kim J, Kikuya M, Matsumoto Y, Mingala CN, Onuma M, Aida Y. Detection and molecular characterization of bovine leukemia virus in Philippine cattle. Arch Virol 2014; 160:285-96. [PMID: 25399399 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. BLV infects cattle worldwide, imposing a severe economic impact on the dairy cattle industry. However, there are no comprehensive studies on the distribution of BLV in the Philippines, and the genetic characteristics of Philippine BLV strains are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect BLV infections in the Philippines and determined their genetic variability. Blood samples were obtained from 1116 cattle from different farms on five Philippine islands, and BLV provirus was detected by BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2 and nested PCR targeting BLV long terminal repeats. Out of 1116 samples, 108 (9.7 %) and 54 (4.8 %) were positive for BLV provirus, as determined by BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2 and nested PCR, respectively. Of the five islands, Luzon Island showed the highest prevalence of BLV infection (23.1 %). Partial env gp51 genes from 43 samples, which were positive for BLV provirus by both methods, were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on a 423-bp fragment of the env gene revealed that Philippine BLV strains clustered into either genotype 1 or genotype 6. Substitutions were mainly found in antigenic determinants, such as the CD4(+) T-cell epitope, the CD8(+) T-cell epitope, the second neutralizing domain, B and E epitopes, and these substitutions varied according to genotype. This study provides comprehensive information regarding BLV infection levels in the Philippines and documents the presence of two BLV genotypes, genotypes 1 and 6, in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruzina MN, Andrianov BV, Suprovich TM, Sulimova GE. Specific genetic features of the Russian forms of bovine leukemia virus. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Detection of bovine leukemia virus in brains of cattle with a neurological syndrome: pathological and molecular studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:425646. [PMID: 23710448 PMCID: PMC3655456 DOI: 10.1155/2013/425646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) of cattle with neurological syndrome. A total of 269 CNS samples were submitted to nested-PCR (BLV env gene gp51), and the viral genotypes were identified. The nested-PCR was positive in 4.8% (13/269) CNS samples, with 2.7% (2/74) presenting at histological examination lesions of nonpurulent meningoencephalitis (NPME), whereas 5.6% (11/195) not presenting NPME (P > 0.05). No samples presented lymphosarcoma. The PCR products (437 bp) were sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis by neighbor-joining and maximum composite likelihood methods, and genotypes 1, 5, and 6 were detected, corroborating other South American studies. The genotype 6 barely described in Brazil and Argentina was more frequently detected in this study. The identity matrices showed maximum similarity (100%) among some samples of this study and one from Argentina (FJ808582), recovered from GenBank. There was no association among the genotypes and NPME lesions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rola-Łuszczak M, Pluta A, Olech M, Donnik I, Petropavlovskiy M, Gerilovych A, Vinogradova I, Choudhury B, Kuźmak J. The molecular characterization of bovine leukaemia virus isolates from Eastern Europe and Siberia and its impact on phylogeny. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58705. [PMID: 23527009 PMCID: PMC3602460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that bovine leukemia virus (BLV) sequences can be classified into seven distinct genotypes based on full gp51 sequence. This classification was based on available sequence data that mainly represented the BLV population that is circulating in cattle from the US and South America. In order to aid with a global perspective inclusion of data from Eastern Europe is required. In this study we examined 44 BLV isolates from different geographical regions of Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis based on a 444bp fragment of env gene revealed that most of isolates belonged to genotypes 4 and 7. Furthermore, we confirmed the existence of a new genotype, genotype 8, which was highly supported by phylogenetic computations. A significant number of amino acid substitutions were found in the sequences of the studied Eastern European isolates, of which 71% have not been described previously. The substitutions encompassed mainly the C-part of the CD4+ epitope, zinc binding peptide region, CD8+ T cell epitope, and overlapping linear epitope E. These observations highlight the use of sequence data to both elucidate phylogenetic relationships and the potential effect on serological detection of geographically diverse isolates.
Collapse
|
21
|
Juliarena MA, Lendez PA, Gutierrez SE, Forletti A, Rensetti DE, Ceriani MC. Partial molecular characterization of different proviral strains of bovine leukemia virus. Arch Virol 2012; 158:63-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Detection and molecular characterization of bovine leukemia viruses from Jordan. Arch Virol 2012; 157:2343-8. [PMID: 22914962 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is distributed worldwide. BLV has many effects on the health status and productivity of infected animals and is a potential risk for humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of and genotype bovine leukemia viruses on Jordanian dairy farms. Nested PCR coupled with RFLP and direct sequencing of a partial fragment of the env gene were carried out. Two BLV genotypes were found, genotypes 1 and 6. These genotypes were identified by nested PCR-RFLP of 444 bp of the env gene by restriction digestion with HaeIII, Bcl I and Pvu II. However, BLV-Jordan-10 seems to represent an entirely new genotype in our phylogenetic analysis. The nucleotide sequence identity between these two Jordanian BLV genotypes (1 and 6) was 96.2 %. The nucleotide sequence identity between Jordanian BLV genotype 1 and other reference BLV genotype 1 strains ranged from 99 % to 99.5 %. The nucleotide sequence similarity of the Jordanian BLV genotype 6 to other BLV genotypes ranged from 90 % to 96.7 %. A neutralizing motif and CD8(+) T-cell epitope were found in the env protein of both Jordanian isolates. In this study, we documented the presence of two BLV genotypes (1 and 6) on Jordanian dairy farms.
Collapse
|
23
|
Heenemann K, Lapp S, Teifke JP, Fichtner D, Mettenleiter TC, Vahlenkamp TW. Development of aBovine leukemia viruspolymerase gene–based real-time polymerase chain reaction and comparison with an envelope gene–based assay. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:649-55. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712447524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Heenemann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Stefanie Lapp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Jens P. Teifke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Dieter Fichtner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Thomas W. Vahlenkamp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of a new genotype of bovine leukemia virus. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1281-90. [PMID: 22488472 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the degree of genetic variability of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) strains circulating in Croatia, 29 isolates from the six largest dairy farms were examined by PCR for a segment of the gp51 env gene, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The nucleotide sequences were compared with other previously characterized BLV strains from different geographical areas, comprising all seven known BLV genotypes. The Croatian sequences showed six to eight nucleotide substitutions: six silent substitutions and two amino acid changes. Four of those substitutions were within epitopes. In comparison to the sequences of other BLV genotypes, our isolates showed the closest relationship to genotype 1 isolates PL-3252 (FJ808585) and AL-148 (FJ808573) from Argentina. The degree of variation between our sequences and those of genotype 1 was 0.2- 4.6 %. In phylogenetic trees based on 400-nt and 519-nt sequences, all of the Croatian sequences clustered separately from the other sequences, revealing a new genotype.
Collapse
|
25
|
Characterisation of env and gag gene fragments of bovine leukemia viruses (BLVs) from cattle in Turkey. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1891-6. [PMID: 21927899 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the molecular characteristics of bovine leukemia viruses (BLVs) in Turkey. The variability of env and gag fragments of BLVs was examined using DNA from blood samples obtained for sequence analysis of BLVs in four cattle herds from three different geographical areas in Turkey. The env gene sequences were highly similar to those of Brasilian, Argentine, and Japanese BLV strains, while gag genes from Turkish BLV isolates showed greatest similarity to those of Iranian isolates. This paper is the first report on the partial characterisation of env and gag genetic fragments of BLVs from Turkey.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodríguez SM, Florins A, Gillet N, de Brogniez A, Sánchez-Alcaraz MT, Boxus M, Boulanger F, Gutiérrez G, Trono K, Alvarez I, Vagnoni L, Willems L. Preventive and therapeutic strategies for bovine leukemia virus: lessons for HTLV. Viruses 2011; 3:1210-48. [PMID: 21994777 PMCID: PMC3185795 DOI: 10.3390/v3071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). BLV is a major animal health problem worldwide causing important economic losses. A series of attempts were developed to reduce prevalence, chiefly by eradication of infected cattle, segregation of BLV-free animals and vaccination. Although having been instrumental in regions such as the EU, these strategies were unsuccessful elsewhere mainly due to economic costs, management restrictions and lack of an efficient vaccine. This review, which summarizes the different attempts previously developed to decrease seroprevalence of BLV, may be informative for management of HTLV-1 infection. We also propose a new approach based on competitive infection with virus deletants aiming at reducing proviral loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Rodríguez
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Arnaud Florins
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Alix de Brogniez
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - María Teresa Sánchez-Alcaraz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mathieu Boxus
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Fanny Boulanger
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Gerónimo Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Lucas Vagnoni
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Matsumura K, Inoue E, Osawa Y, Okazaki K. Molecular epidemiology of bovine leukemia virus associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Japan. Virus Res 2011; 155:343-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Moratorio G, Obal G, Dubra A, Correa A, Bianchi S, Buschiazzo A, Cristina J, Pritsch O. Phylogenetic analysis of bovine leukemia viruses isolated in South America reveals diversification in seven distinct genotypes. Arch Virol 2010; 155:481-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Rodriguez SM, Golemba MD, Campos RH, Trono K, Jones LR. Bovine leukemia virus can be classified into seven genotypes: evidence for the existence of two novel clades. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:2788-2797. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.011791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have classified the env sequences of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) provirus from different locations worldwide into between two and four genetic groupings. These different studies gave unique names to the identified groups and no study has yet integrated all the available sequences. Thus, we hypothesized that many of the different groups previously identified actually correspond to a limited group of genotypes that are unevenly distributed worldwide. To examine this hypothesis, we sequenced the env gene from 28 BLV field strains and compared these sequences to 46 env sequences that represent all the genetic groupings already identified. By using phylogenetic analyses, we recovered six clades, or genotypes, that we have called genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Genotypes 1–5 have counterparts among the sequence groupings identified previously. One env sequence did not cluster with any of the others and was highly divergent when compared with the six genotypes identified here. Thus, an extra genotype, which we named 7, may exist. Similarity comparisons were highly congruent with phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, our analyses confirmed the existence of geographical clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodolfo H. Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto de Virología, CNIA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina
| | - Leandro R. Jones
- Division of Molecular Biology, Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, CC 15, Rawson, Chubut 9103, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao X, Buehring GC. Natural genetic variations in bovine leukemia virus envelope gene: Possible effects of selection and escape. Virology 2007; 366:150-65. [PMID: 17498765 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic virus widespread in cattle. It belongs to the genus Deltaretrovirus of the family Retroviridae along with human and simian T-lymphotropic viruses. Here we report the addition of 28 new sequences to the current literature of 16 full-length BLV envelope gene sequences. The phylogenetic clustering, genotyping, and geographic distribution of BLV env variations corresponded in most cases. Most natural variations are mapped to the surface of the proposed conformational models of BLV gp51 N-terminus and gp30 external domain, overlapping with or adjacent to immunogenic epitopes. Analyses for evidence of possible selection pressures suggest the BLV env is under stringent negative selection overall, while strong positive selection is indicated for immunogenic epitope G. Natural env deletions bounded by similar flanking sequences were observed in multiple isolates and would result in truncated signal peptides, missing gp51, and aberrant coding frames for other proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Zhao
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology, 3060 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Camargos MF, Pereda A, Stancek D, Rocha MA, dos Reis JKP, Greiser-Wilke I, Leite RC. Molecular characterization of the env gene from Brazilian field isolates of Bovine Leukemia Virus. Virus Genes 2007; 34:343-50. [PMID: 16917740 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-006-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) isolates from Brazil using the env gene sequences revealed a high conservation of this gene. In most cases the substitutions corresponded to silent transitions. In addition, cystein residues, potential glycosylation sites, neutralization domains and other critical residues involved with the envelope structural domains and viral infectivity were conserved. Most of the substitutions found in the aminoacid sequences of the gp51 protein were localized in the G and H epitopes. Using the SIFT software, it was predicted that they should not alter the protein functions. Phylogenetic analyses showed that partial or complete env gene sequences grouped in three or four phylogenetic clusters, respectively. The sequences from the Brazilian isolates had similar mutation rates as compared to samples from other countries, and belonged to at least two phylogenetic clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fernandes Camargos
- Setor de Virologia do Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Av. Rômulo Joviano s/n Caixa Postal 50, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brasil CEP. 33.600-000.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hemmatzadeh F. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of gp51 gene of bovine leukaemia virus in Iranian isolates. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31:783-9. [PMID: 17294262 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the partial bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) gp51 gene sequences obtained from five BLV strains isolated in different regions of Iran and BLV-FLK strain was carried out. The Iranian BLV gp51 sequences were compared with seven other corresponding sequences of BLV strains isolated in different countries. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed a variability of 0.003-5.1% and the phylogenetic tree constructed revealed three clusters. The first cluster included French, German and FLK-BLV samples; the second cluster included four Iranian samples; and the third cluster included Australian, Korean, Japanese, Brazilian and Belgian reference strains and one Iranian sample. Iranian samples were had significantly similarity to European and Australian samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Hemmatzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|