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Dorsch MA, Francia ME, Tana LR, González FC, Cabrera A, Calleros L, Sanguinetti M, Barcellos M, Zarantonelli L, Ciuffo C, Maya L, Castells M, Mirazo S, da Silva Silveira C, Rabaza A, Caffarena RD, Doncel Díaz B, Aráoz V, Matto C, Armendano JI, Salada S, Fraga M, Fierro S, Giannitti F. Diagnostic Investigation of 100 Cases of Abortion in Sheep in Uruguay: 2015–2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:904786. [PMID: 35664842 PMCID: PMC9161216 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.904786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify causes of abortion through laboratory investigations in sheep flocks in Uruguay. One hundred cases of abortion, comprising 58 fetuses, 36 fetuses with their placentas, and 6 placentas were investigated in 2015–2021. Cases were subjected to gross and microscopic pathologic examinations, and microbiological and serological testing for the identification of causes of abortion, including protozoal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. An etiologic diagnosis was determined in 46 (46%) cases, including 33 (33%) cases caused by infectious pathogens, as determined by the detection of a pathogen along with the identification of fetoplacental lesions attributable to the detected pathogen. Twenty-seven cases (27%) were caused by Toxoplasma gondii, 5 (5%) by Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus, and 1 (1%) by an unidentified species of Campylobacter. Fourteen cases (14%) had inflammatory and/or necrotizing fetoplacental lesions compatible with an infectious etiology. Although the cause for these lesions was not clearly identified, T. gondii was detected in 4 of these cases, opportunistic bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Streptococcus sp.) were isolated in 2 cases, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtype i (BVDV-1i) was detected in another. Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 1 (1%) severely autolyzed, mummified fetus. BVDV-2b was identified incidentally in one fetus with an etiologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Microscopic agglutination test revealed antibodies against ≥1 Leptospira serovars in 15/63 (23.8%) fetuses; however, Leptospira was not identified by a combination of qPCR, culture, fluorescent antibody testing nor immunohistochemistry. Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia pecorum, Coxiella burnetii and border disease virus were not detected in any of the analyzed cases. Death was attributed to dystocia in 13 (13%) fetuses delivered by 8 sheep, mostly from one highly prolific flock. Congenital malformations including inferior prognathism, a focal hepatic cyst, and enterohepatic agenesis were identified in one fetus each, the latter being the only one considered incompatible with postnatal life. Toxoplasmosis, campylobacteriosis and dystocia were the main identified causes of fetal losses. Despite the relatively low overall success rate in establishing an etiologic diagnosis, a systematic laboratory workup in cases of abortion is of value to identify their causes and enables zoonotic pathogens surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías A. Dorsch
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - María E. Francia
- Laboratorio de Biología de Apicomplejos, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leandro R. Tana
- Laboratorio de Biología de Apicomplejos, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana C. González
- Laboratorio de Biología de Apicomplejos, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Patógeno, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Microbiología, Departamento de Patobiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección de Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Margarita Sanguinetti
- Sección de Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maila Barcellos
- Sección de Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Zarantonelli
- Unidad Mixta Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo e Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (UMPI), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Ciuffo
- Unidad Mixta Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo e Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (UMPI), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Maya
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Caroline da Silva Silveira
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Ana Rabaza
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Rubén D. Caffarena
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- Unidad Académica Salud de los Rumiantes, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Benjamín Doncel Díaz
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Virginia Aráoz
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Matto
- Laboratorio Regional Noroeste, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios (DILAVE) Miguel C. Rubino, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP), Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín I. Armendano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Sofía Salada
- Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana (SUL), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Fierro
- Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana (SUL), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Federico Giannitti
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Huser AF, Schär JG, Bachofen C, de Martin E, Portmann J, Stalder H, Schweizer M. Benefit of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Eradication in Cattle on Pestivirus Seroprevalence in Sheep. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681559. [PMID: 34671657 PMCID: PMC8520948 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and Border disease virus (BDV) are closely related pestiviruses of cattle and sheep, respectively. Both viruses may be transmitted between either species, but control programs are restricted to BVDV in cattle. In 2008, a program to eradicate bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) in cattle was started in Switzerland. As vaccination is prohibited, the cattle population is now widely naïve to pestivirus infections. In a recent study, we determined that nearly 10% of cattle are positive for antibodies to BDV. Here, we show that despite this regular transmission of BDV from small ruminants to cattle, we could only identify 25 cattle that were persistently infected with BDV during the last 12 years of the eradication program. In addition, by determining the BVDV and BDV seroprevalence in sheep in Central Switzerland before and after the start of the eradication, we provide evidence that BVDV is transmitted from cattle to sheep, and that the BVDV seroprevalence in sheep significantly decreased after its eradication in cattle. While BDV remains endemic in sheep, the population thus profited at least partially from BVD eradication in cattle. Importantly, on a national level, BVD eradication does not appear to be generally derailed by the presence of pestiviruses in sheep. However, with every single virus-positive cow, it is necessary to consider small ruminants as a potential source of infection, resulting in costly but essential investigations in the final stages of the eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Bachofen
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena de Martin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Portmann
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Stalder
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schweizer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Haif A, Khelifi-Ouchene NA, Khelifi M, Ouchetati I, Zeroual F, Ouchene N. Abortive diseases and their various associated risk factors in small ruminants in Algeria: a systematic review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:520. [PMID: 34669051 PMCID: PMC8526997 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abortive infections are a major health challenge affecting productive and reproductive performance of sheep and goats. However, there is no comprehensive summary on the occurrence and distribution of these infections in Algeria. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary on the prevalence of different abortive diseases and assesses potential risk factors in small ruminants in Algeria. Five databases were used to search epidemiological data on the prevalence of different abortive diseases (bacterial, parasitic, and viral). Data were collected from 25 papers published between 2003 and 2020. The total mean sample size was 53,080 small ruminants. The majority of the diseases/infections were diagnosed by serological and molecular tests. The overall prevalence of brucellosis was 0.39% in sheep and 5.31% in goats. Chlamydia and Q fever were observed in 32.72% and 20.62% of small ruminants, respectively. The prevalence of peste des petits ruminants was 15.76% and the overall prevalence of bluetongue in sheep and goats was, respectively, 13.41% and 44.50%. Border disease and bovine viral diarrhea were detected in 22.68% and 1.01% of sheep examined, respectively. Toxoplasma gondii infection prevalence among sheep and goats was 21.43% and 32.31% respectively. This study is a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of abortion diseases in small ruminants in Algeria and will therefore be a useful tool for researchers. Larger and more robust prevalence studies are needed to adequately support risk assessment and management of animal and public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Haif
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of El Tarf, 36000, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Nadjet Amina Khelifi-Ouchene
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Saad Dahlab of Blida 1, Street Soumaa, BP270, 09000, Blida, Algeria.
- Laboratory PADESCA, Veterinary Sciences Institute, Road of Guelma, El-khroub, 25100, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Manal Khelifi
- Bordj Menaiel Hospital, Street Madaoui Ali, BP70, 35000, Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Imane Ouchetati
- Normal High School of Technological Teaching, University of Skikda, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Fayçal Zeroual
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of El Tarf, 36000, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Nassim Ouchene
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Saad Dahlab of Blida 1, Street Soumaa, BP270, 09000, Blida, Algeria
- Laboratory PADESCA, Veterinary Sciences Institute, Road of Guelma, El-khroub, 25100, Constantine, Algeria
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4
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Righi C, Petrini S, Pierini I, Giammarioli M, De Mia GM. Global Distribution and Genetic Heterogeneity of Border Disease Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060950. [PMID: 34064016 PMCID: PMC8223970 DOI: 10.3390/v13060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Border disease virus (BDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Interspecies transmission of BDV between sheep, cattle, and pigs occurs regularly, sometimes making diagnosis a challenge. BDV can yield substantial economic losses, including prenatal and postnatal infections in lambs, which are the primary source of infection and maintenance of the virus in the population. Since BDV is antigenically and genetically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), it might pose a significant risk to cattle, influencing BVDV eradication campaigns. Similarly, the presence of BDV in swine herds due to pestivirus spillover between small ruminants and pigs might cause uncertainty in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) diagnostics. Therefore, knowledge of BDV epidemiology in different geographical regions will help prevent its spread and optimize control measures. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that various BDV genotypes are predominant in different countries. This review provides an overview of the spread of BDV world-wide in different host species.
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Navarro T, Ortín A, Cabezón O, De Las Heras M, Lacasta D, González JM. Evolution of the Seroprevalence of Pestivirus and Respiratory Viral Infections in Spanish Feedlot Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010160. [PMID: 33445625 PMCID: PMC7827771 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of respiratory viruses and pestiviruses in sheep has been widely demonstrated, and their ability to cause injury and predispose to respiratory processes have been proven experimentally. A longitudinal observational study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and pestiviruses in 120 lambs at the beginning and the end of the fattening period. During this time, the animals were clinically monitored, their growth was recorded, and post-mortem examinations were performed in order to identify the presence of pneumonic lesions in the animals. Seroconversion to all viruses tested except BHV-1 was detected at the end of the period. Initially, BPIV-3 antibodies were the most frequently found, while the most common seroconversion through the analysed period occurred to BRSV. Only 10.8% of the lambs showed no detectable levels of antibodies against any of the tested viruses at the end of the survey. In addition, no statistical differences were found in the presentation of respiratory clinical signs, pneumonic lesions nor in the production performance between lambs that seroconverted and those which did not, except in the case of pestiviruses. The seroconversion to pestiviruses was associated with a reduction in the final weight of the lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Navarro
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza & AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.O.); (M.D.L.H.); (D.L.); (J.M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aurora Ortín
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza & AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.O.); (M.D.L.H.); (D.L.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marcelo De Las Heras
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza & AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.O.); (M.D.L.H.); (D.L.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza & AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.O.); (M.D.L.H.); (D.L.); (J.M.G.)
| | - José María González
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza & AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.O.); (M.D.L.H.); (D.L.); (J.M.G.)
- Gabinete Técnico Veterinario S.L., 50014 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Jiménez-Ruiz S, Vicente J, García-Bocanegra I, Cabezón Ó, Arnal MC, Balseiro A, Ruiz-Fons F, Gómez-Guillamón F, Lázaro S, Escribano F, Acevedo P, Domínguez L, Gortázar C, Fernández de Luco D, Risalde MA. Distribution of Pestivirus exposure in wild ruminants in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1577-1585. [PMID: 32920992 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale study was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Pestivirus species in wild ruminants and describe their spatial variation in mainland Spain. Serum samples of 1,874 wild ruminants from different regions of this country were collected between the years 2000 and 2017. A total of 6.6% (123/1,874) animals showed antibodies against Pestivirus by both blocking ELISA (bELISA) and virus neutralization tests (VNT). The prevalence of antibodies against pestiviruses was different both among species and regions. Seroprevalence by species was 30.0% (75/250) in Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), 7.0% (25/357) in fallow deer (Dama dama), 2.5% (10/401) in red deer (Cervus elaphus), 2.4% (8/330) in Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), 1.1% (4/369) in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 0.8% (1/130) in mouflon (Ovis aries musimon), not detecting seropositivity (0/37) in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia). The results confirm that exposure to pestiviruses was detected throughout mainland Spain, with significantly higher seroprevalence in Northern regions associated with the presence of Southern chamois. This indicates an endemic circulation of pestiviruses in Southern chamois and a limited circulation of these viruses in the remaining wild ruminant species during the last two decades, thus suggesting that non-chamois species are not true Pestivirus reservoirs in Spain. Nonetheless, the high spatial spread of these viruses points out that new epidemic outbreaks in naïve wild ruminant populations or transmission to livestock may occur, evidencing the usefulness of monitoring pestiviruses in wild ruminants, especially at the wildlife-livestock interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, España.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, España
| | - Joaquín Vicente
- Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, España
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, España
| | - Óscar Cabezón
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, España
| | - María Cruz Arnal
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR), Zaragoza, España
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León (ULE), León, España.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, España
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, España
| | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Fauna Silvestre, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible (CAGPDS), Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, España
| | - Sonia Lázaro
- Unidad Analítica Regional de Sanidad Animal, Consejería de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Rural de Castilla-la Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, España
| | - Fernando Escribano
- Programa de Conservación y Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre, Dirección General del Medio Natural de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, España
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, España
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, España
| | - Daniel Fernández de Luco
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR), Zaragoza, España
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, España
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7
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Navarro T, Ramos J, Ruíz de Arcaute M, González J. Predisposing factors inducing ovine respiratory complex in intensive-reared lambs. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Characterization of internal ribosome entry sites according to secondary structure analysis to classify border disease virus strains. J Virol Methods 2019; 275:113704. [PMID: 31518634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Applying palindromic nucleotide substitutions (PNS) method, variable loci of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) secondary structure in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of Border disease virus sequences were analysed allowing their allocation into ten IRES classes within the species. Sequence characteristics of Turkish and Chinese strains were highly divergent from other genogroups, indicating geographic segregation and micro-evolutive steps within the species. Observed heterogeneity in the BDV species has to be considered for potential implications on diagnostic tests, control and preventive measures.
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9
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Liu YH, He B, Li KR, Li F, Zhang LY, Li XQ, Zhao L. First report of border disease virus in Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) collected in Xinjiang, China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221435. [PMID: 31430353 PMCID: PMC6701764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) is a blood-sucking ectoparasite that is parasitic primarily on sheep. It is widely distributed in different geographical regions worldwide. In China, it has been mainly found in Xinjiang, Gansu, and Tibet in recent years. In addition to causing direct damage to the animal hosts, M. ovinus also carries pathogens and serves as a vector for disease transmission. Border disease virus (BDV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA pestivirus that mainly infects and causes border disease (BD) in sheep and goats worldwide. Since 2012, this disease has been reported in 4 provinces in China. In the present study, we investigated the presence of BDV in M. ovinus from Xinjiang and Gansu. Frozen M. ovinus collected during 2017 and 2018 from Xinjiang and Gansu and preserved in our laboratory were studied. First, total RNA of M. ovinus was extracted, followed by reverse transcription, PCR (RT-PCR) amplification of the 5′-UTR of BDV, and sequencing of the amplified products. Finally, the sequencing results were analyzed using DNAStar, MEGA 5.0 molecular biology software, and the BLAST online platform. The results from RT-PCR and sequencing analyses showed that among the samples included in the study, only the M. ovinus collected from Qinghe County in Alta, Xinjiang in 2018 tested positive for BDV. BLAST analysis showed that the viral strain with the most similar nucleotide identity to the sequence of the China/BDV/2018 fragment was the goat-derived BDV strain AH12-02 collected in Anhui, China, in 2012. A phylogenetic-tree analysis showed the strain to exhibit a BDV-3 genotype. This is the first report globally on BDV detected in M. ovinus and is also the first report of BDV discovered in Xinjiang, China. This study reconfirms the presence of BDV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Aral, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-Rui Li
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Aral, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Aral, People’s Republic of China
- Animal Loimia Controlling and Diagnostic Center of Aksu Region, Aksu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Aral, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qiang Li
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Aral, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Aral, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Giangaspero M, Zhang SQ, Apicella C. Heterogeneity of <i>Pestivirus</i> Species in Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2019.93019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Feknous N, Hanon JB, Tignon M, Khaled H, Bouyoucef A, Cay B. Seroprevalence of border disease virus and other pestiviruses in sheep in Algeria and associated risk factors. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:339. [PMID: 30419908 PMCID: PMC6233519 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Border disease virus (BDV) is a pestivirus responsible for significant economic losses in sheep industry. The present study was conducted between 2015 and 2016 to determine the flock seroprevalence of the disease in Algeria and to identify associated risk factors. 56 flocks from nine departments were visited and 689 blood samples were collected from adult sheep between 6 and 24 months of age (n = 576) and from lambs younger than 6 months (n = 113). All samples were tested by RT-PCR as well as by Ag-ELISA, to detect Persistently Infected (PI) animals. Serum samples from adults were tested by Ab-ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay), to detect specific antibodies against pestivirus and 197 of them were further characterized by VNT (virus neutralization test) for the detection of neutralizing antibodies specific for BDV and for Bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2). RESULTS No PI animals were found among the 689 sheep tested. 144/197 sera were positive in VNT for BDV, and 2 sera were strongly positive BVDV-2. Fifty-five flocks (98%) had at least one seropositive animal and the apparent within-flock seroprevalence was estimated to be 60.17% (95% C.I.: 52.96-66.96). The true seroprevalence based on estimated sensitivity and specificity of the Ab-ELISA was 68.20% (95% C.I.; 60.2-76.3). Several risk factors were identified as linked to BDV such as climate, landscape, flock management and presence of other ruminant species in the farm. CONCLUSION These high seroprevalence rates suggest that BDV is widespread and is probably endemic all over the country. Further studies are needed to detect and isolate the virus strains circulating in the country and understand the distribution and impact of pestiviruses in the Algerian livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Feknous
- LBRA, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Soumaa Road, BP 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Jean-Baptiste Hanon
- Sciensano, Infectious animal diseases directorate, Service of enzootic, vector-borne and bee diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marylène Tignon
- Sciensano, Infectious animal diseases directorate, Service of enzootic, vector-borne and bee diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hamza Khaled
- LBRA, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Soumaa Road, BP 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdallah Bouyoucef
- ENSV, National superior veterinary school, Bab ezzouar, El allia Algeria
| | - Brigitte Cay
- Sciensano, Infectious animal diseases directorate, Service of enzootic, vector-borne and bee diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Reczyńska D, Zalewska M, Czopowicz M, Kaba J, Zwierzchowski L, Bagnicka E. Acute Phase Protein Levels as An Auxiliary Tool in Diagnosing Viral Diseases in Ruminants-A Review. Viruses 2018; 10:E502. [PMID: 30223561 PMCID: PMC6165172 DOI: 10.3390/v10090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined acute phase protein (APP) concentrations in viral infections of dairy ruminants and assessed the potential role of characteristic patterns of APP changes in auxiliary diagnosing viral diseases. All viruses reviewed are common causes of farm animal diseases. APPs are among the first agents of immunity, and their concentrations could be diagnostically relevant. In the most common ruminant viral diseases, elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) levels in blood serum have been observed. However, since these proteins are the main APPs in many viral infections, it is impossible to use their levels for diagnosing particular infections. Decreased Cp and albumin expression could help differentiate the bluetongue virus infection from other diseases. Lastly, analysis of SAA levels in blood serum and milk could be helpful in diagnosing small ruminant lentivirus infection. While promising, APP levels can only be considered as an auxiliary tool in diagnosing viral diseases in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Reczyńska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A str., 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zalewska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A str., 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska str. 159c., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Kaba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska str. 159c., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lech Zwierzchowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A str., 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A str., 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
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Colom-Cadena A, Espunyes J, Cabezón O, Fernández-Aguilar X, Rosell R, Marco I. New insights on pestivirus infections in transhumant sheep and sympatric Pyrenean chamois ( Rupicapra p. pyrenaica ). Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Candiani D, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Border disease. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04993. [PMID: 32625290 PMCID: PMC7010011 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Border disease has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of Border disease to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of Border disease according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species concerned by Border disease. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, Border disease can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria as in Sections 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The animal species to be listed for Border disease according to Article 8(3) criteria are mainly sheep and other species of the family Bovidae as susceptible and reservoirs.
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15
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Luzzago C, Ebranati E, Cabezón O, Fernández-Sirera L, Lavín S, Rosell R, Veo C, Rossi L, Cavallero S, Lanfranchi P, Marco I, Zehender G. Spatial and Temporal Phylogeny of Border Disease Virus in Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168232. [PMID: 28033381 PMCID: PMC5199066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Border disease virus (BDV) affects a wide range of ruminants worldwide, mainly domestic sheep and goat. Since 2001 several outbreaks of disease associated to BDV infection have been described in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in Spain, France and Andorra. In order to reconstruct the most probable places of origin and pathways of dispersion of BDV among Pyrenean chamois, a phylogenetic analysis of 95 BDV 5'untranslated sequences has been performed on chamois and domestic ungulates, including novel sequences and retrieved from public databases, using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Discrete and continuous space phylogeography have been applied on chamois sequences dataset, using centroid positions and latitude and longitude coordinates of the animals, respectively. The estimated mean evolutionary rate of BDV sequences was 2.9×10-3 subs/site/year (95% HPD: 1.5-4.6×10-3). All the Pyrenean chamois isolates clustered in a unique highly significant clade, that originated from BDV-4a ovine clade. The introduction from sheep (dated back to the early 90s) generated a founder effect on the chamois population and the most probable place of origin of Pyrenean chamois BDV was estimated at coordinates 42.42 N and 1.9 E. The pathways of virus dispersion showed two main routes: the first started on the early 90s of the past century with a westward direction and the second arise in Central Pyrenees. The virus spread westward for more than 125 km and southward for about 50km and the estimated epidemic diffusion rate was about 13.1 km/year (95% HPD 5.2-21.4 km/year). The strong spatial structure, with strains from a single locality segregating together in homogeneous groups, and the significant pathways of viral dispersion among the areas, allowed to reconstruct both events of infection in a single area and of migrations, occurring between neighboring areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Luzzago
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni—EpiSoMI, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Erika Ebranati
- Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni—EpiSoMI, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L.Sacco”, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Sirera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Agricultura, Alimentació i Acció Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Veo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L.Sacco”, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Lanfranchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Ignasi Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianguglielmo Zehender
- Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni—EpiSoMI, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L.Sacco”, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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16
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Evidence of circulation of the novel border disease virus genotype 8 in chamois. Arch Virol 2016; 162:511-515. [PMID: 27761745 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of association between the novel putative border disease virus genotype 8 (BDV-8) and fatal disease in an Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is reported. Diagnostically, we also demonstrated, as already previously reported, the failure of BDV-specific primers (PDB1 and PDB2) to detect BDV-8.
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17
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Fernández-Aguilar X, López-Olvera JR, Marco I, Rosell R, Colom-Cadena A, Soto-Heras S, Lavín S, Cabezón O. Pestivirus in alpine wild ruminants and sympatric livestock from the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain. Vet Rec 2016; 178:586. [PMID: 27083871 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and Border disease virus (BDV) were investigated at the wildlife-livestock interface in the distribution area of chamois in the Cantabrian Mountains, North-Western Spain. From 2010 to 2014, sera from sympatric wild (n=167) and domestic (n=272) ruminants were analysed for pestivirus antibodies by cELISA, virus neutralisation test (VNT) and for the presence of pestiviral RNA using a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Results showed a higher seroprevalence in cattle (59.4 per cent, 13/13 of herds) than in domestic small ruminants (5.9 per cent sheep, 2/8 of flocks; 0 per cent goats of 4 flocks) and wildlife (10.8 per cent in red deer, 0 per cent in roe deer and 0 per cent in Cantabrian chamois). High VNT titres were detected in two cattle herds, suggesting the circulation of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains. BVDV-1 RNA was detected in one cattle calf by RT-PCR and sequencing. Conversely to other similar grazing systems, sheep flocks did not play a relevant role in the pestivirus epidemiology in this region. Pestivirus infections in wild ruminants were sporadic and most probably dependent on a domestic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fernández-Aguilar
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - J R López-Olvera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - I Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - R Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - A Colom-Cadena
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - S Soto-Heras
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - S Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - O Cabezón
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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18
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Paniagua J, García-Bocanegra I, Arenas-Montes A, Berriatua E, Espunyes J, Carbonero A, Rosell R, Marco I, Cabezón O. Absence of circulation of Pestivirus between wild and domestic ruminants in southern Spain. Vet Rec 2016; 178:215. [PMID: 26864026 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ruminant pestiviruses (family Flaviviridae) affect both wild and domestic ruminants worldwide, causing reproductive disorders and severe economic losses. Wild (n=1442) and domestic (n=373) ruminants from southern Spain were tested for the presence of antibodies to pestiviruses. Seropositivity was detected by both ELISA and virus neutralisation test in 1/892 (0.1 per cent) red deer, 29/125 (23.2 per cent) cattle and 17/157 (10.8 per cent) sheep. Pestivirus-specific antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) genotypes 1, 4 and 5 were detected. Significantly higher antibody titres to BDV-4 compared with BVDV-NADL were found in one cattle farm. Results indicate that wild ruminants may act as spillover hosts from domestic ruminants, and therefore they do not represent a risk for domestic ruminants in southern Spain. The wide distribution of pestiviruses among sheep and cattle suggests that transmission between these species may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paniagua
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - I García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - A Arenas-Montes
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - E Berriatua
- Animal Health Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Espunyes
- Animal Health Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Carbonero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - R Rosell
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain Departament d'Agricultura, Alimentació i Acció Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - I Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - O Cabezón
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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Vega S, Rosell R, Orden JA, Pérez T, Marín C, González S, Marco I, Cabezón O, de la Fuente R. Antigenic and molecular characterisation of Border disease virus associated with high mortality in lambs in Spain. Vet Rec Open 2015; 2:e000048. [PMID: 26392884 PMCID: PMC4567141 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2014-000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Border disease virus (BDV) causes congenital disorders in sheep and results in severe, but underestimated, economic losses worldwide. However, information about BDV strains affecting several ruminants worldwide is scarce. Therefore, antigenic and genetic classification of isolates from different geographical regions is important to enhance the knowledge of the epidemiology of BDV. Materials and methods Five pestiviruses isolated from lambs in an epidemic outbreak with an unusually high mortality in Spain in 1997 were characterised antigenically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and genetically by sequencing within the 50 untranslated (50UTR) region of the genome. Results All the isolates were classified as BDV and showed a high homology with the Aveyron strain (Av), which was associated with an epidemic reported in sheep from the Aveyron region of France in 1984. Conclusions Classification of the isolates from this study provides valuable information on the molecular epidemiology of BDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal , Salud Pública Veterinaria, Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - R Rosell
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca , Alimentació i Medi Natural, Generalitat de Catalunya
| | - J A Orden
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal , Universidad Complutense , Madrid , Spain
| | - T Pérez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacia , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - C Marín
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal , Salud Pública Veterinaria, Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - S González
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal , Salud Pública Veterinaria, Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - I Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Facultat de Veterinaria, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - O Cabezón
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Facultat de Veterinaria, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - R de la Fuente
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal , Universidad Complutense , Madrid , Spain
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Mao L, Liu X, Li W, Yang L, Zhang W, Jiang J. Characterization of one sheep border disease virus in China. Virol J 2015; 12:15. [PMID: 25890073 PMCID: PMC4329205 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Border disease virus (BDV) causes border disease (BD) affecting mainly sheep and goats worldwide. BDV in goat herds suffering diarrhea was recently reported in China, however, infection in sheep was undetermined. Here, BDV infections of sheep herds in Jiangsu, China were screened; a BDV strain was isolated and identified from the sheep flocks in China. The genomic characteristics and pathogenesis of this new isolate were studied. RESULTS In 2012, samples from 160 animals in 5 regions of Jiangsu province of China were screened for the presence of BDV genomic RNA and antibody by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. 44.4% of the sera were detected positively, and one slowly grown sheep was analyzed to be pestivirus RNA positive and antibody-negative. The sheep kept virus positive and antibody negative in the next 6 months of whole fattening period, and was defined as persistent infection (PI). The virus was isolated in MDBK cells without cytopathic effect (CPE) and named as JSLS12-01. Near-full-length genome sequenced was 12,227 nucleotides (nt). Phylogenetic analysis based on 5'-UTR and N(pro) fragments showed that the strain belonged to genotype 3, and shared varied homology with the other 3 BDV strains previously isolated from Chinese goats. The genome sequence of JSLS12-01 also had the highest homology with genotype BDV-3 (the strain Gifhorn). Experimental infections of sheep had mild clinical signs as depression and short-period mild fever (5 days). Viremia was detected in 1-7 days post-infection (dpi), and seroconversion began after 14 dpi. CONCLUSIONS This study reported the genomic and pathogenesis characterizations of one sheep BDV strain, which confirmed the occurrence of BDV infection in Chinese sheep. This sheep derived BDV strain was classified as BDV-3, together with the goat derived strains in China. These results might be helpful for further understanding of BDV infection in China and useful for prevention and control of BDV infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Wenliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Leilei Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jieyuan Jiang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Martin C, Duquesne V, Adam G, Belleau E, Gauthier D, Champion JL, Saegerman C, Thiéry R, Dubois E. Pestiviruses infections at the wild and domestic ruminants interface in the French Southern Alps. Vet Microbiol 2014; 175:341-8. [PMID: 25532780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In alpine pasture, interspecies transmission has recently been incriminated in the epidemiology of pestivirus infection. The aim of this study was to investigate pestivirus infections in wild and domestic ruminants sharing pastures in the French Southern Alps. Animal sera were screened for pestivirus antibodies against the pestivirus NS3 protein by a commercial blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All 38 domestic herds tested were positive for pestivirus-specific antibodies. Individual sero-prevalence reached 76.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: [74.2-78.8%]) of the 1383 sheep tested. For wild ruminants, 38.7% (95% CI: [33.8-43.9%]) of the 369 chamois tested, 28.7% (95% CI: [17.4-38.1%]) of the 72 roe deer, and 22.2% (95% CI: [6.5-37.9%]) of the 27 mouflons were seropositive. Virus screening was carried out on spleen samples from hunted wild animals (n=160) and from 15 domestic ruminants (clinically suspected to be persistently infected animals), by a conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three pestivirus strains were isolated from the sheep samples positive by RT-PCR. The viruses were classified in the BDV-3, BDV-Tunisian and BDV-6 genotypes. For the first time, one strain (RUPI-05 strain) was isolated from an alpine chamois and clustered in the BDV-6 genotype, showing in the 5'-UTR region 92% of identity with the ovine isolate from the same area. Thus, an active circulation of pestiviruses was demonstrated in both wild and domestic ungulates from the French Southern Alps. The results suggest that interspecies transmission between sheep and chamois probably occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Martin
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sophia-Antipolis, Unité pathologie des ruminants, 105 Route des Chappes - B.P. 111, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Duquesne
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sophia-Antipolis, Unité pathologie des ruminants, 105 Route des Chappes - B.P. 111, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Gilbert Adam
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sophia-Antipolis, Unité pathologie des ruminants, 105 Route des Chappes - B.P. 111, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Eric Belleau
- Laboratoire Départemental Vétérinaire et d'Hygiène Alimentaire des Hautes-Alpes, Rue des Silos 5, B.P. 63, F-05602 Gap Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B42, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Richard Thiéry
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sophia-Antipolis, Unité pathologie des ruminants, 105 Route des Chappes - B.P. 111, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Eric Dubois
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sophia-Antipolis, Unité pathologie des ruminants, 105 Route des Chappes - B.P. 111, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France.
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22
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Kalaiyarasu S, Mishra N, Rajukumar K, Nema RK, Behera SP. Development and evaluation of a truncated recombinant NS3 antigen-based indirect ELISA for detection of pestivirus antibodies in sheep and goats. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2014; 36:312-23. [PMID: 25118572 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2014.947433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an indirect ELISA using the helicase domain of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) NS3 protein instead of full-length NS3 protein for detection of BVDV and BDV antibodies in sheep and goats and its validation by comparing its sensitivity and specificity with virus neutralization test (VNT) as the reference test. The purified 50 kDa recombinant NS3 protein was used as the coating antigen in the ELISA. The optimal concentration of antigen was 320 ng/well at a serum dilution of 1:20 and the optimal positive cut-off optical density value was 0.40 based on test results of 418 VNT negative sheep and goat sera samples. When 569 serum samples from sheep (463) and goats (106) were tested, the ELISA showed a sensitivity of 91.71% and specificity of 94.59% with BVDV VNT. A good correlation (93.67%) was observed between the two tests. It showed a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 86.6% with VNT in detecting BDV antibody positive or negative samples. This study demonstrates the efficacy of truncated recombinant NS3 antigen based ELISA for seroepidemiological study of pestivirus infection in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semmannan Kalaiyarasu
- a High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Anand Nagar , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
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24
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González JM, Lacasta D, Ferrer LM, Figueras L, Ramos JJ, De las Heras M. Natural border disease virus infection in feedlot lambs. Vet Rec 2013; 174:69. [PMID: 24106248 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M González
- Gabinete Técnico Veterinario S.L., C/Isla Conejera s/n, Zaragoza 50014, Spain
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25
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Species characterization in the genus Pestivirus according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5′-untranslated region. J Virol Methods 2011; 174:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Marco I, Cabezón O, Rosell R, Fernández-Sirera L, Allepuz A, Lavín S. Retrospective study of pestivirus infection in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and other ungulates in the Pyrenees (NE Spain). Vet Microbiol 2011; 149:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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GIANGASPERO M, IBATA G, SAVINI G, OSAWA T, TATAMI S, TAKAGI E, MORIYA H, OKURA N, KIMURA A, HARASAWA R. Epidemiological Survey of Border Disease Virus among Sheep from Northern Districts of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1629-33. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo GIANGASPERO
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Georgina IBATA
- Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane
| | - Giovanni SAVINI
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G.CAPORALE"
| | - Takeshi OSAWA
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryô HARASAWA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
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Boadella M, Carta T, Oleaga A, Pajares G, Muñoz M, Gortázar C. Serosurvey for selected pathogens in Iberian roe deer. BMC Vet Res 2010; 6:51. [PMID: 21078207 PMCID: PMC2994849 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-6-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roe deer is the most abundant and widespread wild Eurasian cervid. Its populations are expanding and increasingly in contact with livestock. This may affect the distribution of infectious diseases shared with other wild and domestic ungulates. METHODS We investigated the antibody seroprevalence against Pestivirus, Herpesvirus, Bluetongue (BT) virus, M. avium paratuberculosis (MAP), and Brucella sp. in 519 roe deer from different regions in Spain, south-western Europe. RESULTS No antibodies were detected against BT and Brucella sp. However, antibodies were detected against Pestivirus (1.5%), Herpesvirus (0.2%) and MAP (9.2%). MAP antibodies were detected in seven of the eight populations (range 5-16.4%). CONCLUSIONS The detection of MAP antibodies in samples from most roe deer populations suggests that contact with MAP is widespread in this wildlife species. The highest prevalence was detected in sites with abundant dairy cattle and frequent use of liquid manure on pastures. Considering the results obtained regarding exposure to different pathogens, we suggest that antibody prevalences in this non-gregarious browser are largely determined by environmental factors, potentially modulating vector populations or pathogen survival in the environment.
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Peterhans E, Bachofen C, Stalder H, Schweizer M. Cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV): emerging pestiviruses doomed to extinction. Vet Res 2010; 41:44. [PMID: 20197026 PMCID: PMC2850149 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a Flaviviridae pestivirus, is arguably one of the most widespread cattle pathogens worldwide. Each of its two genotypes has two biotypes, non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). Only the ncp biotype of BVDV may establish persistent infection in the fetus when infecting a dam early in gestation, a time point which predates maturity of the adaptive immune system. Such fetuses may develop and be born healthy but remain infected for life. Due to this early initiation of fetal infection and to the expression of interferon antagonistic proteins, persistently infected (PI) animals remain immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. Although only accounting for some 1% of all animals in regions where BVDV is endemic, PI animals ensure the viral persistence in the host population. These animals may, however, develop the fatal mucosal disease, which is characterized by widespread lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Cp BVD virus, in addition to the persisting ncp biotype, can be isolated from such animals. The cp viruses are characterized by unrestrained genome replication, and their emergence from the persisting ncp ones is due to mutations that are unique in each virus analyzed. They include recombinations with host cell mRNA, gene translocations and duplications, and point mutations. Cytopathic BVD viruses fail to establish chains of infection and are unable to cause persistent infection. Hence, these viruses illustrate a case of "viral emergence to extinction" - irrelevant for BVDV evolution, but fatal for the PI host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Peterhans
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Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern Länggass-Strasse 122 PO Box 8466 CH-3001 Bern Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias Schweizer
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Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern Länggass-Strasse 122 PO Box 8466 CH-3001 Bern Switzerland
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30
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García-Pérez A, Ruiz-Fons F, Barandika J, Aduriz G, Juste R, Hurtado A. Border disease virus seroprevalence correlates to antibodies in bulk-tank milk and reproductive performance of dairy sheep flocks. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2444-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Pestivirus infection in sheep and goats in West Austria. Vet J 2009; 186:342-6. [PMID: 20042353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples from 3112 sheep (185 flocks) and 1196 goats (163 flocks) from the Western region of Austria were tested for pestivirus-specific RNA. In this area, communal Alpine pasturing of sheep, cattle and goats is an important part of farming. The prevalence of sheep persistently-infected (PI) with pestivirus was 0.32% (10 animals) and the PI animals originated from five flocks (2.7% of those investigated). In goats, only one PI animal (0.08%) was detected. Sequence analysis of the 5'-end untranslated region (UTR) revealed that the strains of Border disease virus (BDV) detected were closely related to genotype 3 but the PI animals did not show any clinical signs of Border disease. The goat was PI with bovine viral diarrhoea virus-1 (BVDV-1). On one farm a high abortion rate among sheep had been observed 1year before the study was carried out but the other farms did not show any evidence of reproductive failures. Pestiviruses are endemic in small ruminants in some Alpine regions of Austria and PI healthy animals as described here have a key epidemiological role. A successful BVDV eradication programme in Austria will create highly pestivirus-susceptible cattle populations. Sheep and goats present a high risk for the reintroduction of pestiviruses to cattle herds because they are less likely to be considered to be PI. The results underline the need for the immediate consideration of small ruminants in eradication programmes.
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32
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Hurtado A, Sanchez I, Bastida F, Minguijón E, Juste RA, García-Pérez AL. Detection and quantification of pestivirus in experimentally infected pregnant ewes and their progeny. Virol J 2009; 6:189. [PMID: 19891772 PMCID: PMC2777161 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Border disease virus (BDV) causes important reproductive losses, and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected animals arising after in uterine infection. BDV infection dynamics were studied in 13 ewes experimentally infected with BDV-4 genotype at 3 phases of pregnancy [days 108 (group A), 76 (group B) and 55 (group C)] by quantification of viral RNA in blood collected on days -1 to parturition using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Viral RNA loads were also measured in blood/foetal fluid and tissue samples from their offspring at lambing (3 foetuses, 7 stillborns, 15 lambs). qRT-PCR results were compared with those obtained by conventional RT-PCR and used to predict persistent infections. Results Viral RNA was detected in the ewes between days 2-15 p.i. The viraemia reached its highest peak between days 6-7 p.i. with a second peak at days 11-12 p.i. qRT-PCR was significantly faster to perform (less than 1 h) than conventional RT-PCR and detected BDV RNA in more ewes, being detection more continuous and prolonged in time. The virus was detected in peripheral blood in a higher percentage of lambs than in tissues, where differences in viral genome copies were more marked. Skin and cerebral cortex showed the highest viral RNA loads, and spleen and spinal cord the lowest. High viral RNA loads were observed in several animals in group B and all in group C, infected during middle and early foetal development, respectively, but also in one lamb from group A, infected during late foetal development. Serology and viral genome copy number estimates in blood and tissues were used to establish a quantitative cut-off threshold for transient viraemia. Conclusion Viral RNA quantification showed potential for the discrimination between persistent infections and transient viraemia using single-time point blood sampling and raised questions regarding foetal immune system development and the occurrence of persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hurtado
- NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Department of Animal Health, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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33
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Animal health safety of fresh meat derived from pigs vaccinated against Classic Swine Fever. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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34
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Detection of Border Disease Virus in Fetuses, Stillbirths, and Newborn Lambs from Natural and Experimental Infections. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:331-7. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen detection in blood or fetal fluids and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification in tissues for routine laboratory diagnosis of Border disease virus (BDV) infection. Samples from 67 fetuses, 6 stillbirths, and 11 lambs from 25 commercial flocks with suspicion of BDV abortion and 3 fetuses, 7 stillbirths, and 15 lambs obtained from an experimental infection with a local isolate (BDV genotype 4) were investigated. Presence of BDV was detected by RT-PCR in 7.9% of fetuses, 50% of stillbirths, and 50% of lambs from the commercial flocks analyzed, corresponding to 8 of the 25 farms (32%). A similar percentage of the lambs and stillbirths from the experimental infection were positive by RT-PCR of tissue samples (54.5%), and the highest positivity was detected in lymph node, thyroid gland, and kidney. The current study revealed that RT-PCR analysis of stillbirths and lambs with clinical symptoms is more suitable than the analysis of fetuses to confirm the presence of BDV in a flock. Pestiviral antigen was detected by antigen ELISA in a high proportion of fetuses (24/58) and stillbirths (3/4) from commercial flocks, but in lambs, the presence of colostral antibodies masked the detection of the antigen by ELISA. Nevertheless, in lambs from the experimental infection that were not fed colostrum, antigen ELISA was less efficient than RT-PCR in detecting viral presence in stillbirths and lambs. Antigen ELISA is therefore recommended for fetuses with advanced autolysis that can adversely affect RNA integrity.
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36
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Prevalence of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antibodies among sheep and goats in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 41:1231-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Marco I, Rosell R, Cabezón O, Beneria M, Mentaberre G, Casas E, Hurtado A, López-Olvera JR, Lavín S. Serologic and virologic investigations into pestivirus infection in wild and domestic ruminants in the Pyrenees (NE Spain). Res Vet Sci 2008; 87:149-53. [PMID: 19084245 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of disease associated to a border disease virus was described in the Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in Spain in 2002. Sera and/or spleen samples from 57 mouflon, 15 red deer, 21 roe deer, 3 fallow deer, 55 sheep, 32 cattle, and 68 goats sharing the chamois habitat were studied. An antibody ELISA test yielded an inconclusive result in 2 mouflon and positive results in 5 goat sera. Comparative virus neutralization tests were performed on the 2 inconclusive mouflons, 3 of the 5 seropositive goats, 55 sheep and 32 cattle, using 6 pestivirus strains. Positive results were obtained in 1 mouflon, 2 goats, 69% of sheep and 78% of cattle. Virological investigations performed with an antigen ELISA test yielded negative results in 21 goats and 39 mouflons, the result in 1 mouflon being inconclusive. PCR performed on 12 goats and the inconclusive mouflon gave negative results. These results suggested that it is unlikely that chamois BDV is infecting wild and domestic ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain.
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38
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Border disease virus (BDV) infections of small ruminants in Turkey: a new BDV subgroup? Vet Microbiol 2008; 135:374-9. [PMID: 19019578 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples from sheep and/or goats from eight small ruminant flocks in the Turkish provinces of Aydin and Burdur were tested for the presence of Pestiviruses using an antigen-capture ELISA. From clinically affected animals, pathological and immunohistochemical findings were recorded. Post mortem examination of a virus-positive lamb showing abnormal fleece and paralysis of the hind legs revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with hypomyelinogenesis. By immunohistochemistry Pestivirus antigen was detected in all parts of the brain including cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres and midbrain. Two Pestivirus isolates from a sheep and a goat kid, respectively, were isolated from samples that were positive in the antigen-capture ELISA. Genetic typing using the 5'-NTR (288bp) and N(pro) (738bp) showed that both were Border disease virus (BDV) isolates. By phylogenetic analysis, they formed a cluster clearly separated from the known clusters BDV-1 to BDV-6 and might therefore represent a new subgroup (BDV-7?). This is the first report confirming the occurrence and partial characterisation of BDV infection in small ruminants in Turkey.
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39
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García-Pérez AL, Minguijón E, Estévez L, Barandika JF, Aduriz G, Juste RA, Hurtado A. Clinical and laboratorial findings in pregnant ewes and their progeny infected with Border disease virus (BDV-4 genotype). Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:345-52. [PMID: 18755485 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the pathogenicity of local isolates of ovine pestiviruses (BDV-4 genotype), 13 virus- and antibody-negative, artificially inseminated pregnant ewes were challenged on days 108 (5 ewes), 76 (5 ewes) and 55 of pregnancy (3 ewes) with 2 ml of ovine pestivirus containing 10(6) TCID(50). Viraemia was detected by RT-PCR from 2 to 15 days pi in most ewes. No abortion due to the infection was observed but the number of stillbirths was high (32%), and bodyweight at lambing was significantly reduced compared to the experimental flock of origin used as control. Clinical symptoms in live lambs consisted on tremors, gait anomalies and inability to stand unaided. Skeletal abnormalities (brachygnathia, prognathia, arthrogryposis) were present in 44% of the lambs. Only 20% of the lambs were clinically normal. RT-PCR was a very sensitive technique compared to antigen ELISA in detecting viral presence in experimentally infected ewes and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L García-Pérez
- NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Department of Animal Health and Production, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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40
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Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of maedi-visna virus and pestiviruses in Catalonia (Spain). Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Mishra N, Rajukumar K, Vilcek S, Tiwari A, Satav J, Dubey S. Molecular characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 isolate originating from a native Indian sheep (Ovies aries). Vet Microbiol 2008; 130:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Valdazo-González B, Álvarez M, Sandvik T. Prevalence of border disease virus in Spanish lambs. Vet Microbiol 2008; 128:269-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 10/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Marco I, Rosell R, Cabezón O, Mentaberre G, Casas E, Velarde R, López-Olvera JR, Hurtado A, Lavín S. Epidemiological study of border disease virus infection in Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) after an outbreak of disease in the Pyrenees (NE Spain). Vet Microbiol 2008; 127:29-38. [PMID: 17881162 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2001 and 2002, an outbreak of a previously unreported disease, associated with a border disease virus (BDV), caused high mortality in the Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) population in the Alt Pallars-Aran National Hunting Reserve in the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain). Between 2002 and 2006, sera and/or tissue samples taken from 116 healthy chamois shot during the hunting season, plus 42 from chamois affected by different diseases, were studied. A blocking enzyme-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study pestivirus seroprevalence in 114 healthy hunted and 31 diseased chamois, yielding positive results in 73.7 and 22.6% of the chamois, respectively. Comparative virus neutralization tests (VNT) performed on 42 seropositive samples with 6 pestivirus strains yielded statistically higher titres to BDV Spain 97, followed by BDV chamois, BDV 137/4, BDV Moredun, Bovine Diarrhoea virus-1 (BVDV-1) NADL and BVDV-2 atypical. Virological investigations for pestivirus detection were performed using an antigen ELISA test in 82 healthy and 18 diseased chamois, RT-PCR in 16 healthy and in all diseased chamois, and virus isolation in 14 diseased chamois. No viral antigen was detected in any of the healthy animals. A pestivirus, characterized as BDV by monoclonal antibodies, was detected in the 10 chamois showing clinical signs consistent with BDV infection. Sequence analysis in the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) revealed that they were grouped into the BDV-4 genotype. In the remaining chamois, infectious keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, trauma and contagious ecthyma were diagnosed. The cause of death was unknown in five chamois. The results suggest that the infection has become endemic in the population and that it could have a significant impact on chamois population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Dubois E, Russo P, Prigent M, Thiéry R. Genetic characterization of ovine pestiviruses isolated in France, between 1985 and 2006. Vet Microbiol 2008; 130:69-79. [PMID: 18299176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of ovine pestivirus isolates in France, 32-clinical samples collected between 1985 and 2006, previously detected positive by indirect immuno-fluorescence for the presence of Border disease virus (BDV), were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Parts of the 5'-non-coding region (5'-NCR) and the Npro-coding region were successfully amplified from 23 samples. An internal control was designed and used to assess the validity of negative RT-PCR results, which could be explained by RNA degradation during the storage of samples at -20 degrees C for at least 16 years. A phylogenetic study was performed by using sequences obtained from the two loci. French isolates clustered into four distinct groups. Six isolates were assigned to the previously described BDV-3 group. However, some isolates could not be assigned to any existing phylogenetic BDV groups, and therefore, tentative new phylogenetic groups are suggested. The AV strain, isolated in 1984 from sheep showing a severe hemorrhagic syndrome in the rearing region of Aveyron in France and sequenced during this study, should be considered as the strain model of the BDV-5 group. Nine viral sequences clustered in a set distinct from all other groups were assigned to the BDV-6 group. Two viral sequences were distinct from the BDV phylum and composed the last set assigned to the group of unclassified pestivirus that had been previously isolated in Tunisia. The marked diversity of pestiviruses might reflect the sheep trade in France and with foreign countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dubois
- Unité de pathologie des petits ruminants, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
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