1
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Kawasaki M, McConnel CS, Burbick CR, Ambrosini YM. Pathogen-epithelium interactions and inflammatory responses in Salmonella Dublin infections using ileal monolayer models derived from adult bovine organoids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11479. [PMID: 38769412 PMCID: PMC11106274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is an important enteric pathogen affecting cattle and poses increasing public health risks. Understanding the pathophysiology and host-pathogen interactions of S. Dublin infection are critical for developing effective control strategies, yet studies are hindered by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. This study aimed to generate a robust ileal monolayer derived from adult bovine organoids, validate its feasibility as an in vitro infection model with S. Dublin, and evaluate the epithelial response to infection. A stable, confluent monolayer with a functional epithelial barrier was established under optimized culture conditions. The model's applicability for studying S. Dublin infection was confirmed by documenting intracellular bacterial invasion and replication, impacts on epithelial integrity, and a specific inflammatory response, providing insights into the pathogen-epithelium interactions. The study underscores the utility of organoid-derived monolayers in advancing our understanding of enteric infections in livestock and highlights implications for therapeutic strategy development and preventive measures, with potential applications extending to both veterinary and human medicine. The established bovine ileal monolayer offers a novel and physiologically relevant in vitro platform for investigating enteric pathogen-host interactions, particularly for pathogens like S. Dublin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minae Kawasaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Craig S McConnel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yoko M Ambrosini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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2
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Shapira T, Christofferson M, Av-Gay Y. The antimicrobial activity of innate host-directed therapies: A systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107138. [PMID: 38490573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular human pathogens are the deadliest infectious diseases and are difficult to treat effectively due to their protection inside the host cell and the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An emerging approach to combat these intracellular pathogens is host-directed therapies (HDT), which harness the innate immunity of host cells. HDT rely on small molecules to promote host protection mechanisms that ultimately lead to pathogen clearance. These therapies are hypothesized to: (1) possess indirect yet broad, cross-species antimicrobial activity, (2) effectively target drug-resistant pathogens, (3) carry a reduced susceptibility to the development of AMR and (4) have synergistic action with conventional antimicrobials. As the field of HDT expands, this systematic review was conducted to collect a compendium of HDT and their characteristics, such as the host mechanisms affected, the pathogen inhibited, the concentrations investigated and the magnitude of pathogen inhibition. The evidential support for the main four HDT hypotheses was assessed and concluded that HDT demonstrate robust cross-species activity, are active against AMR pathogens, clinical isolates and laboratory-adapted pathogens. However, limited information exists to support the notion that HDT are synergistic with canonical antimicrobials and are less predisposed to AMR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirosh Shapira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew Christofferson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Disease, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yossef Av-Gay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Disease, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multi-drug resistant, biofilm forming, human invasive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium SMC25 isolated from poultry meat in India. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Božić A, Anderson RC, Crippen TL, Swaggerty CL, Hume ME, Beier RC, He H, Genovese KJ, Poole TL, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ. Inhibition of Salmonella Binding to Porcine Intestinal Cells by a Wood-Derived Prebiotic. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071051. [PMID: 32679904 PMCID: PMC7409177 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous Salmonellaenterica serovars can cause disease and contamination of animal-produced foods. Oligosaccharide-rich products capable of blocking pathogen adherence to intestinal mucosa are attractive alternatives to antibiotics as these have potential to prevent enteric infections. Presently, a wood-derived prebiotic composed mainly of glucose-galactose-mannose-xylose oligomers was found to inhibit mannose-sensitive binding of select SalmonellaTyphimurium and Escherichia coli strains when reacted with Saccharomyces boulardii. Tests for the ability of the prebiotic to prevent binding of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled S.Typhimurium to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) cultured in vitro revealed that prebiotic-exposed GFP-labeled S.Typhimurium bound > 30% fewer individual IPEC-J2 cells than did GFP-labeled S.Typhimurium having no prebiotic exposure. Quantitatively, 90% fewer prebiotic-exposed GFP-labeled S.Typhimurium cells were bound per individual IPEC-J2 cell compared to non-prebiotic exposed GFP-labeled S.Typhimurium. Comparison of invasiveness of S.Typhimurium DT104 against IPEC-J2 cells revealed greater than a 90% decrease in intracellular recovery of prebiotic-exposed S.Typhimurium DT104 compared to non-exposed controls (averaging 4.4 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/well). These results suggest compounds within the wood-derived prebiotic bound to E. coli and S.Typhimurium-produced adhesions and in the case of S.Typhimurium, this adhesion-binding activity inhibited the binding and invasion of IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Božić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia;
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Christina L. Swaggerty
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Michael E. Hume
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Ross C. Beier
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Haiqi He
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
| | - David J. Nisbet
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.C.); (C.L.S.); (M.E.H.); (R.C.B.); (H.H.); (K.J.G.); (T.L.P.); (R.B.H.); (D.J.N.)
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5
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Optimized procedures for generating an enhanced, near physiological 2D culture system from porcine intestinal organoids. Stem Cell Res 2018; 28:165-171. [PMID: 29499500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An important practical limitation of the three-dimensional geometry of stem-cell derived intestinal organoids is that it prevents easy access to the apical epithelium for testing food components, microorganisms, bioactive and toxic compounds. To this end, we here report on a new robust method for generating confluent intestinal cell monolayers from single-cell suspensions of enzymatically-dissociated porcine organoids using modified culture conditions. With this method, cell seeding densities can be standardised, overcoming problems with methods based on mechanical dissociation of organoids. Confluent monolayers formed tight junctions with high transepithelial electrical resistance in three days and could be used in experiments for up to two weeks. Multilineage differentiation of ileal stem cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR of cell-specific transcripts, also unequivocally confirming the controversial existence of Paneth-like cells in the porcine small intestine. The method described here is useful to standardize primary epithelial monolayer formation from intestinal organoids and allows rapid and robust studies of intestinal physiology.
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6
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Kappala D, Sarkhel R, Dixit SK, Lalsangpuii, Mahawar M, Singh M, Ramakrishnan S, Goswami TK. Role of different receptors and actin filaments on Salmonella Typhimurium invasion in chicken macrophages. Immunobiology 2018; 223:501-507. [PMID: 29395289 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial attachment to host cell is the first event for pathogen entry. The attachment is mediated through membrane expressed adhesins present on the organism and receptors on the cell surface of host. The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of Fc receptors (FcRs), actin filament polymerization, mannose receptors (MRs), carbohydrate moieties like N-linked glycans and sialic acid on chicken macrophages for invasion of S. Typhimurium. Opsonisation of S. Typhimurium resulted in three folds more invasion in chicken monocyte derived macrophages. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin filament polymerization prevented uptake of S. Typhimurium. Pre-incubation of macrophages with cytochalasin D, showed severe decrease (28 folds) in S. Typhimurium invasion. Next we attempted to analyse the role of carbohydrate receptors of macrophages in S. Typhimurium invasion. Treatment of macrophages with methyl α-d-mannopyranoside, PNGase F and neuraminidase, showed 2.5, 5 and 2.5 folds decrease in invasion respectively. Our data suggest that deglycosylation of N-linked glycans including sialic acid by PNGase F is more effective in inhibition of S. Typhimurium invasion than neuraminidase which removes only sialic acid. These findings suggested FcRs, actin filament polymerization, MRs, N-linked glycans and sialic acid may act as gateway for entry of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Kappala
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Ratanti Sarkhel
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dixit
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Lalsangpuii
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Goswami
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
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7
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Zhu L, Mou C, Yang X, Lin J, Yang Q. Mitophagy in TGEV infection counteracts oxidative stress and apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27122-41. [PMID: 27027356 PMCID: PMC5053637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cells contain a large number of mitochondria for persisting absorption and barrier function. Selective autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy) plays an important role in the quality control of mitochondria and maintenance of cell homeostasis. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus which induces malabsorption and lethal watery diarrhea in suckling piglets. The role of mitophagy in the pathological changes caused by TGEV infection is unclear. Here, we report that TGEV induces mitophagy to suppress oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by viral infection in porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). We observe that TGEV infection induce mitochondrial injury, abnormal morphology, complete mitophagy, and without obvious apoptosis after TGEV infection. Meanwhile, TGEV also induces DJ-1 and some antioxidant genes upregulation to suppress oxidative stress induced by viral infection. Furthermore, silencing DJ-1 inhibit mitophagy and increase apoptosis after TGEV infection. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that viral nucleocapsid protein (N) is located in mitochondria and mitophagosome during virus infection or be expressed alone. Those results provide a novel perspective for further improvement of prevention and treatment in TGEV infection. These results suggest that TGEV infection induce mitophagy to promote cell survival and possibly viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University Weigang No.1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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8
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A dual-targeting approach to inhibit Brucella abortus replication in human cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35835. [PMID: 27767061 PMCID: PMC5073326 DOI: 10.1038/srep35835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is an intracellular bacterial pathogen and an etiological agent of the zoonotic disease known as brucellosis. Brucellosis can be challenging to treat with conventional antibiotic therapies and, in some cases, may develop into a debilitating and life-threatening chronic illness. We used multiple independent assays of in vitro metabolism and intracellular replication to screen a library of 480 known bioactive compounds for novel B. abortus anti-infectives. Eighteen non-cytotoxic compounds specifically inhibited B. abortus replication in the intracellular niche, which suggests these molecules function by targeting host cell processes. Twenty-six compounds inhibited B. abortus metabolism in axenic culture, thirteen of which are non-cytotoxic to human host cells and attenuate B. abortus replication in the intracellular niche. The most potent non-cytotoxic inhibitors of intracellular replication reduce B. abortus metabolism in axenic culture and perturb features of mammalian cellular biology including mitochondrial function and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. The efficacy of these molecules as inhibitors of B. abortus replication in the intracellular niche suggests “dual-target” compounds that coordinately perturb host and pathogen are promising candidates for development of improved therapeutics for intracellular infections.
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Tian G, Liang X, Chen D, Mao X, Yu J, Zheng P, He J, Huang Z, Yu B. Vitamin D3 supplementation alleviates rotavirus infection in pigs and IPEC-J2 cells via regulating the autophagy signaling pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:157-63. [PMID: 27174720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D had an anti-infection effect and benefited to the intestinal health. Autophagy signaling pathway was regulated by vitamin D3 to inhibit the infection of human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Rotavirus (RV) was a major cause of the severe diarrheal disease in young children and young animals. Although evidence suggested that vitamin D3 attenuates the negative effects of RV infection via the retinoic acid-inducible gene I signaling pathway, little is known of its antiviral effect whether through the regulation of autophagy. The present study was performed to investigate whether vitamin D3 alleviates RV infection in pig and porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) models via regulating the autophagy signaling pathway. RV administration increased the Beclin 1 mRNA abundance in porcine jejunum and ileum. 5000 IU/kg dietary vitamin D3 supplementation greatly up-regulated LC3-II/LC3-I ratios and PR-39 mRNA expression under the condition of RV challenged. The viability of IPEC-J2 was significantly inhibited by RV infection. Incubation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 significantly decreased the concentrations of RV antigen and non-structural protein 4 (NSP4), and up-regulated the mRNA expression of Beclin 1 and PR-39 in the RV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. And then, based on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment and RV infection, LC3-II mRNA expression in cells was inhibited by an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1, a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases, inhibits maturation of autophagic vacuoles) treatment numerically enhanced the LC3-II mRNA abundance, but had no effect on NSP4 concentration. Furthermore, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 decreased the p62 mRNA expression and increased porcine cathelicidins (PMAP23, PG1-5 and PR-39) mRNA expression in the RV-infected cells. Taken together, these results indicated that vitamin D3 attenuates RV infection through regulating autophagic maturation and porcine cathelicidin genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China.
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Interactions Between Bacteria and the Gut Mucosa: Do Enteric Neurotransmitters Acting on the Mucosal Epithelium Influence Intestinal Colonization or Infection? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 874:121-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Reinforced Epithelial Barrier Integrity via Matriptase Induction with Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Did Not Result in Disturbances in Physiological Redox Status. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:9674272. [PMID: 26823955 PMCID: PMC4707357 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9674272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The relationship among matriptase function, cellular redox status, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity has not been established yet. The aim of this study is to reveal if the crosstalk between matriptase activators and intestinal epithelial monolayers can lead to perturbations in physiological redox regulation in vitro. Methods. The effects of suramin and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) were tested on viability of intestinal porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells using MTS assay. Measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) were performed to determine changes in barrier integrity of cell monolayers. Amplex Red assay was used to monitor extracellular hydrogen peroxide production. Occludin distribution pattern was detected prior to and after matriptase activation using immunofluorescent staining technique. Results. TER reduction was observed in suramin-treated IPEC-J2 cell monolayers, which could be attributed to cell cytotoxic properties of 48 hr 50 μM suramin administration. In contrast, S1P treatment increased TER significantly and elevated occludin accumulation in tight junctions. It was also found that extracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were maintained in IPEC-J2 cells exposed to matriptase activators. Discussion. S1P administration not accompanied by redox imbalance might be one of the key strategies in the improvement of barrier function and consequently in the therapy of intestinal inflammations.
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12
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Zhao Y, Yu B, Mao X, He J, Huang Z, Zheng P, Yu J, Han G, Liang X, Chen D. Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on rotavirus replication and gene expressions of RIG-I signalling molecule in porcine rotavirus-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Arch Anim Nutr 2015; 69:227-35. [PMID: 25897656 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2015.1034522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated whether a 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) supplementation decreases the replication of rotavirus by the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signalling pathway in a porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The results show that IPEC-J2 cells express high baseline levels of 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), which converts inactive 25D3 to the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). Porcine rotavirus (PRV) infection alone resulted in a significant increase in CYP27B1 mRNA, which augmented the production of active vitamin D. Physiological concentrations of 25D3 were found to decrease PRV replication in IPEC-J2 cells. RIG-I plays an important role in the recognition of double-stranded RNA virus by host cells. Upon recognition, RIG-I triggers a series of signalling molecules such as interferon-β (IFN-β) promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1) leading to the expression of type I interferons (IFN-β). Active 25D3 that was generated by PRV-infected IPEC-J2 cells led to an increased expression of toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), RIG-I, IPS-1, IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes 15 (ISG15) with important innate immune functions. Inhibiting CYP27B1 also failed to increase RIG-I, IPS-1, IFN-β and ISG15 mRNA expression. These observations suggest that 25D3 can directly inhibit PRV in IPEC-J2 cells, which requires this active form of vitamin D. The anti-rotavirus effect of 25D3 is mediated at least in part by RIG-I signalling pathways in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , P.R. China
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13
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Chapman JC, Liu Y, Zhu L, Rhoads JM. Arginine and citrulline protect intestinal cell monolayer tight junctions from hypoxia-induced injury in piglets. Pediatr Res 2012; 72:576-82. [PMID: 23041662 PMCID: PMC3976428 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine (Arg) is deficient in the serum of the preterm neonate and is lower in those developing intestinal ischemia. We investigated whether Arg or its precursor, citrulline (Cit), protects intestinal tight junctions (TJs) from hypoxia (HX) and determined whether inducible nitric oxide (NO) plays a role. METHODS Neonatal piglet jejunal IPEC-J2 cell monolayers were treated with Arg or Cit, reversible and irreversible NO synthetase (NOS) inhibitors, and were exposed to HX. TJs were assessed by serial measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), flux of inulin-fluorescein isothiocyanate, and immunofluorescent staining of TJ proteins. RESULTS We found that Arg and Cit were protective against HX-related damage. At the final time point (14 h), the mean TEER ratio (TEER as compared with baseline) for Arg + HX and Cit + HX was significantly higher than that for HX alone. Both Arg and Cit were associated with decreased inulin flux across hypoxic monolayers and qualitatively preserved TJ proteins. Irreversible inhibition of NOS blocked this protective effect. Lipid peroxidation assay showed that our model did not produce oxidant injury. CONCLUSION Arg and Cit, via a mechanism dependent on NO donation, protected intestinal epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Chapman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Limin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J. Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Brosnahan AJ, Brown DR. Porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells in microbiological investigations. Vet Microbiol 2011; 156:229-37. [PMID: 22074860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
IPEC-J2 cells are porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells that were isolated from neonatal piglet mid-jejunum. This cell line forms polarized monolayers with high transepithelial electrical resistance when cultured on 0.4 μm pore-size filters. The cell line is unique in that it is derived from small intestinal tissue (compared to the common human colon-derived lines HT-29, T84, and Caco-2) and is not transformed (compared to the porcine small intestinal line, IPI-2I). Porcine intestinal epithelial cells more closely mimic human physiology than analogous rodent cell lines (e.g. IEC-6 or IEC-18), which is important in studies of zoonotic infections; in addition, they provide specificity to study porcine-derived infections. IPEC-J2 cells are increasingly being used in microbiological studies to examine the interactions of various animal and human pathogens, including Salmonella enterica and pathogenic Escherichia coli, with intestinal epithelial cells. The IPEC-J2 cell line has also been employed in some probiotic studies, in which the cells have been used as an initial screening tool for adhesiveness and anti-inflammatory properties of the potential probiotic microorganisms. The validity of these studies is not clear as follow-up studies to assess the efficacy of the probiotics in vivo have not been published to date. The aims of this review are to provide a comprehensive overview of the microbiological studies that have been conducted with IPEC-J2 cells and a reference guide of key cellular and immune markers that have been identified in this cell line that may prove to be useful in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Brosnahan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, 295 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine, 1988 Fitch Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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15
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da Silva CV, Cruz L, Araújo NDS, Angeloni MB, Fonseca BB, Gomes ADO, Carvalho FDR, Gonçalves ALR, Barbosa BDF. A glance at Listeria and Salmonella cell invasion: different strategies to promote host actin polymerization. Int J Med Microbiol 2011; 302:19-32. [PMID: 21783413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica have evolved multiple strategies to invade a large panel of mammalian cells. These pathogens use the host cell actin system for invasion and became a paradigm for the study of host-pathogen interactions and bacterial adaptation to mammalian hosts. The key signaling component that these pathogens use to orchestrate actin remodeling is the Arp2/3 complex, which is related to polymerization of actin filaments. These bacterial pathogens are able to trigger distinct invasion mechanisms. On the one hand, L. monocytogenes invade a host cell in a way dependent on the specific interactions between bacterial and host cell proteins, which in turn activate the host cell actin polymerizing machinery that culminates with bacterial internalization. Also, Listeria escapes from the newly formed parasitophorous vacuole and moves among adjacent cells by triggering actin polymerization. On the other hand, Salmonella invades a host cell by delivering into the cytoplasm virulence factors which directly interact with host regulators of actin polymerization which leads to bacterial uptake. Moreover, Salmonella avoids vacuole lyses and modulates the early and late endosomal markers presented in the vacuole membrane. This mini-review focuses on the different pathways that L. monocytogenes and S. enterica activate to modulate the actin cytoskeleton in order to invade, to form the parasitophorous vacuole, and to migrate inside host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vieira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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16
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Geens MM, Niewold TA. Optimizing culture conditions of a porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 through a histological and physiological characterization. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:415-23. [PMID: 21626283 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high similarity between pigs and humans makes pigs a good gastrointestinal (GI) model for humans. Recently an epithelial cell line originating from the jejunum of pig (IPEC-J2) became available. Once validated, this model can be used to investigate the complex interactions occurring in the intestine. The advantages of using IPEC-J2 as in vitro model of the GI tract are the high resemblance between humans and pigs, and the ease of extrapolating in vitro to in vivo characteristics. In this study, the IPEC-J2 cells were functionally characterized by measuring the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and by histological and ultrastructural studies. IPEC-J2 cells grown on six different permeable support systems, were investigated. The Transwell(®)-COL collagen-coated membrane (1.12 cm(2)) showed the best results concerning time efficiency and TEER values. The optimum seeding density of 12 × 10(5) cells/mL ensured that after 9 days of differentiation a confluent monolayer was formed. The decrease in TEER values after a maximum had been reached, coincided with the ultrastructural development of apical microvilli. We conclude that IPEC-J2 cells grown on collagen-coated membranes represent a valuable in vitro model system for the small intestinal epithelium which can be of great interest for intestinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Geens
- Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, Department of Biosystems, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30-bus 2456, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium,
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17
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Liu F, Li G, Wen K, Bui T, Cao D, Zhang Y, Yuan L. Porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) of rotavirus infection as a new model for the study of innate immune responses to rotaviruses and probiotics. Viral Immunol 2010; 23:135-49. [PMID: 20373994 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of epithelial immune responses to rotavirus infection have been conducted in transformed cell lines. In this study, we evaluated a non-transformed porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) as an in-vitro model of rotavirus infection and probiotic treatment. Cell-culture-adapted porcine rotavirus (PRV) OSU strain, or human rotavirus (HRV) Wa strain, along with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were used to inoculate IPEC-J2 cells. LA or LGG treatment was applied pre- or post-rotavirus infection. We demonstrated that IPEC-J2 cells were productively infected by PRV. LA or LGG treatment of the cells did not reduce virus replication. PRV infection increased MUC3 mucin secretion. LGG treatment post-rotavirus infection reduced the mucin secretion response induced by PRV; LGG alone increased the production of membrane-associated MUC3 mucin. LA treatment prior to rotavirus infection significantly increased PRV replication and the IL-6 response to PRV infection, which is consistent with the adjuvant effect of LA. LGG treatment post-rotavirus infection downregulated the IL-6 response, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of LGG. IPEC-J2 cells expressed toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, and TLR9 constitutively. TLR2 expression was upregulated by LGG and peptidoglycan, corresponding to the decreased IL-6 response, indicating that the protective effect of LGG is associated with upregulation of TLR2 expression on intestinal epithelial cells. The IPEC-J2 cell model of PRV infection is a completely homologous system. It is a valuable model for studying the interactions among rotavirus-host-probiotics, and the mechanisms behind the immunomodulating effect of probiotic bacteria on innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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18
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Arce C, Ramírez-Boo M, Lucena C, Garrido J. Innate immune activation of swine intestinal epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I) in response to LPS from Salmonella typhimurium. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 33:161-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Mariani V, Palermo S, Fiorentini S, Lanubile A, Giuffra E. Gene expression study of two widely used pig intestinal epithelial cell lines: IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 131:278-84. [PMID: 19446887 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play an important role in the immune system of swine, protecting against infectious and non-infectious environmental insults. The IEC participate in the innate immune response of the intestine through different mechanisms such as barrier function, mucus secretion, antibacterial peptide synthesis and participation in the cytokine/chemokine networks. Most of the current knowledge of intestinal cell functions has come from studies conducted on cell cultures generated from human cancers or from classical animal models. However, because the molecular and cellular elements of the immune system have been selected over evolutionary time in response to the species-specific environment, models of immune function based on mouse and human need to be applied cautiously in pig. Few models of swine small intestine epithelium exist and these are poorly characterised. In the present study we characterised the basal expression of epithelial and immune-related genes of two pig small intestine cell lines, IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I, under different culture conditions. These data represent essential background information for future studies on pig-intestinal pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mariani
- Parco Tecnologico Padano-CERSA-Centro Ricerche e Studi Agroalimentari, Lodi, Italy.
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20
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Pisal DS, Yellepeddi VK, Kumar A, Palakurthi S. Transport of Surface Engineered Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimers Across IPEC-J2 Cell Monolayers. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:515-22. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540802321826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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21
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Veluthakal R, Madathilparambil SV, McDonald P, Olson LK, Kowluru A. Regulatory roles for Tiam1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:101-13. [PMID: 18930714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Using various biochemical, pharmacological and molecular biological approaches, we have recently reported regulatory roles for Rac1, a small G-protein, in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, little is understood with respect to localization of, and regulation by, specific regulatory factors of Rac1 in GSIS. Herein, we investigated regulatory roles for Tiam1, a specific nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac1, in GSIS in pancreatic beta-cells. Western blot analysis indicated that Tiam1 is predominantly cytosolic in distribution. NSC23766, a specific inhibitor of Tiam1-mediated activation of Rac1, markedly attenuated glucose-induced, but not KCl-induced insulin secretion in INS 832/13 cells and normal rat islets. Further, NSC23766 significantly reduced glucose-induced activation (i.e. GTP-bound form) and membrane association of Rac1 in INS 832/13 cells and rat islets. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knock-down of Tiam1 markedly inhibited glucose-induced membrane trafficking and activation of Rac1 in INS 832/13 cells. Interestingly, however, in contrast to the inhibitory effects of NSC23766, Tiam1 gene depletion potentiated GSIS in these cells; such a potentiation of GSIS was sensitive to extracellular calcium. Together, our studies present the first evidence for a regulatory role for Tiam1/Rac1-sensitive signaling step in GSIS. They also provide evidence for the existence of a potential Rac1/Tiam1-independent, but calcium-sensitive component for GSIS in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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Brown DR, Price LD. Catecholamines and sympathomimetic drugs decrease early Salmonella Typhimurium uptake into porcine Peyer's patches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 52:29-35. [PMID: 18031537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peyer's patches of the small intestine serve as inductive sites for mucosal immunity as well as targets for invasive enteropathogens, including Salmonella. Because they are innervated by catecholamine-containing enteric nerves, the hypothesis that the endogenous catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine or sympathomimetic drugs alter Salmonella Typhimurium uptake into Peyer's patches was tested. Porcine jejunal Peyer's patch explants were mounted in Ussing chambers and inoculated with a porcine field isolate of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Salmonella recovery from gentamicin-treated tissues increased significantly between 30 and 90 min of bacterial exposure to the mucosal surface. Addition of the neuronal conduction blocker saxitoxin (0.1 micromol L(-1)) or dopamine (30 micromol L(-1)) to the contraluminal aspect of explants decreased bacterial recovery after 60 min of Salmonella exposure. The effects of dopamine were mimicked by cocaine and methamphetamine (30 micromol L(-1)), which act on catecholaminergic nerve terminals to increase synaptic neurotransmitter concentrations. These results suggest that enteric catecholaminergic nerves modulate Salmonella colonization of Peyer's patches at the earliest stages of infection, in part by altering epithelial uptake of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Brown
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108-6010, USA.
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23
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Schreiber KL, Price LD, Brown DR. Evidence for Neuromodulation of Enteropathogen Invasion in the Intestinal Mucosa. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2007; 2:329-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-007-9087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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