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Jadah NA, Shamkhi IA, Shamkhi JA. Photobiomodulation and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Influence of a 650 nm Wavelength on Staphylocoagulase and Viability of Staphylococcus aurous. J Lasers Med Sci 2022; 13:e5. [PMID: 35642239 PMCID: PMC9131292 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the critical pathological bacteria. This bacterium had developed a variety of genetic mutations that made it resistant to drugs and more harmful to humans. In addition, all attempts to design a specific vaccine against S. aureus have failed. Therefore, this experiment was designed as a trial for vaccine production, by using a photodynamic treatment (PDT) through partial biological inhibition. The PDT of bacteria mainly focused on reducing the activity of staphylocoagulase (SC), which has a protective feature for bacteria. This study aimed to examine the photodynamic effect of combining a specific wavelength of a laser and a certain dilution photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB) dye. The possible PDT effect on the inhibition of pathogenic enzymatic activity was predicted. This study also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PDT on the total bacterial account (viability) simultaneously with SC assay. Methods: A 650nm wavelength diode laser was used with 100 mW output power and 2 minutes of exposure time. Dye dilutions were 50, 100, 150 and 200 μg/mL. The viability of bacteria after and before laser treatment was calculated using single plate-serial dilution spotting methods. The activity of SC was detected by using human plasma for 4 hours incubation of crude-substrate interaction. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in enzyme activity and colony-forming units (CFU) after irradiating bacterial suspension with 150 g/mL MB, as well as a decline in CFU. However, irradiation with a laser alone showed a significant increase in SC activity and CFU for the same exposure time. Conclusion: Besides reducing the production of SC activity, PDT significantly inhibited the viability of S. aureus. The application of MB photosensitizer at a concentration of 150 g/mL in combination with a laser wavelength of 650 nm resulted in a complete decrease in the SC activity value as well as the viability of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imad Abdulabbass Shamkhi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq
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Peralta OA, Carrasco C, Vieytes C, Tamayo MJ, Muñoz I, Sepulveda S, Tadich T, Duchens M, Melendez P, Mella A, Torres CG. Safety and efficacy of a mesenchymal stem cell intramammary therapy in dairy cows with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus clinical mastitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2843. [PMID: 32071371 PMCID: PMC7028716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, antibiotics are effective in the treatment of bovine mastitis, they do not address the regeneration of mammary glandular tissue and have been associated to the increment in antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Considering the necessity of alternative therapies for this disease of high economic impact and the reported regenerative and antibacterial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs), we evaluated the safety and efficacy of an allogenic MSC-based intramammary therapy in dairy cows with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus clinical mastitis. In a safety trial, heifers were inoculated intramammarily with a 2.5 × 107-suspension of bovine fetal AT-MSCs on experimental days 1 and 10. Animals were evaluated clinically on a daily basis during a 20-day experimental period and blood samples were collected for hemogram determination and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) isolation. In an efficacy trial, Holstein Friesian cows were inoculated with S. aureus and treated intramammarily with vehicle (NEG; days 4 and 10), antibiotics (ATB; days 4 and 5) or a suspension of 2.5 × 107 AT-MSCs (MSC; days 4 and 5). Cows were clinically evaluated daily and milk samples were collected for somatic cell count (SCC) and colony forming units (CFU). Blood samples were collected for serum haptoglobin and amyloid A determination. Intramammary administration of two doses of bovine fetal AT-MSCs in healthy cows did not induce changes in clinical or hematological variables, and gene expression profiles in PBLs associated to activation (CD4, CD8, CD25, CD62L and CD69) and proinflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5, IL2, CXCL3, IFNγ, and TNFα). Quarters of MSC group of cows had similar SCC log/mL in milk compared to infected quarters of ATB or NEG cows. However, quarters of MSC cows had lower CFU log/mL in milk compared to quarters of NEG cows. Intramammarily inoculation of repeated doses of 2.5 × 107 allogenic AT-MSCs did not induce clinical or immunological response in healthy cows. Moreover, MSC-intramammary treatment reduced bacterial count in milk of cows with S. aureus clinical mastitis compared to untreated cows. This work provides initial evidence for the safety and efficacy of an allogenic MSC-based intramammary therapy for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Peralta
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
| | - C Carrasco
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - C Vieytes
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - M J Tamayo
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - I Muñoz
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - S Sepulveda
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - T Tadich
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - M Duchens
- Department of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - P Melendez
- Food Animal Health & Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A Mella
- Mastitis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
| | - C G Torres
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
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Naqvi SA, Nobrega DB, Ronksley PE, Barkema HW. Invited review: Effectiveness of precalving treatment on postcalving udder health in nulliparous dairy heifers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Alekish MO, Ismail ZB, Hammouri HM, Daradka MH, Taha SA, Olymat I. Bacteriological cure rate and changes in milk composition in mastitis vaccinated ewes affected with subclinical mastitis. Vet World 2018; 11:125-129. [PMID: 29657391 PMCID: PMC5891862 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.125-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using a commercially-available polyvalent mastitis vaccine on the bacteriological cure rate of existing subclinical mastitis in Awassi sheep. Materials and Methods: A total of 164 lactating ewes were divided into two main groups according to udder health and milk somatic cell count (SCC): Group 1=normal (N; n=80) and Group 2=subclinical mastitis (SC; n=84). Each group was then subdivided randomly into two treatment groups: N vaccinated (Nvax; n=38), N non-vaccinated (Nnvax; n=42), SC vaccinated (SCvax; n=42), and SC non-vaccinated (SCnvax; n=42). The vaccine was administered as per manufacturer’s recommendations. Milk samples were collected aseptically from all ewes before vaccine administration (T0) and again on days 28 (T2) and 42 (T3) of the experiment. Results: In the SC group, the bacteriological cure rates in vaccinated and non-vaccinated ewes were 76% and 69%, respectively. In N group, the new intramammary infection rates in vaccinated and non-vaccinated ewes were 48% and 50%, respectively. Vaccination of normal ewes resulted in a significant (p<0.05) reduction in bacterial growth rate both at day 28 and day 42 of the study. The prevalence of new intramammary infection rate in Nvax ewes on days 28 and 42 was 19% and 20%, respectively. The prevalence of new intramammary infection rate in Nnvax group on days 28 and 42 was 33% and 30%, respectively. In SCvax group, the bacterial growth rate on days 28 and 42 was 44% and 35%, respectively. In SCnvax group, the bacterial growth rate on days 28 and 42 was 27% and 32%, respectively. There was no statistically significant effect of vaccination on any of the studied milk composition parameters. Conclusions: This is a preliminary study that indicated a possible protective effect of vaccination against mastitis in sheep. Further, case-controlled studies are indicated to estimate the level of immunity this vaccine provides to vaccinated sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myassar O Alekish
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Z Bani Ismail
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - H M Hammouri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Sciences and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - M H Daradka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - S Al Taha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - I Olymat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Guan R, Wu JQ, Xu W, Su XY, Hu SH. Efficacy of vaccination and nisin Z treatments to eliminate intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infection in lactating cows. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:360-364. [PMID: 28378574 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of a Staphylococcus aureus bacterin and nisin on bovine subclinical mastitis. A total of 75 Holstein subclinically mastitic cows were randomly allocated to three groups with 25 cows per group. In group I, an intramammary infusion of nisin Z at a dose of 2.50×106 IU was carried out once daily for three days, and an autogenous S. aureus bacterin was inoculated into the supramammary lymph node one week before and one week after nisin treatment. In group II, nisin was administered in the same way as in group I, but no bacterin was inoculated. Group III received no treatment and served as a control. Milk was aseptically sampled from the affected quarters before and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment, for bacteriological examination and analyses of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity, somatic cell count (SCC), and milk protein and fat contents. Results indicated that, compared to the nisin-treated group, nisin-bacterin treatment significantly reduced intramammary S. aureus infections, reduced the number of quarters with milk SCCs of more than 5×105 cells/ml, and increased the protein and fat contents of the milk. Therefore, nisin-bacterin therapy is suggested when subclinical mastitis occurs in lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Guan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Su
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Song-Hua Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Pellegrino M, Berardo N, Giraudo J, Nader-Macías MEF, Bogni C. Bovine mastitis prevention: humoral and cellular response of dairy cows inoculated with lactic acid bacteria at the dry-off period. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:589-596. [PMID: 28701082 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in animal feed, constitute an alternative tool for bovine mastitis prevention. Previously, two LAB strains were isolated from bovine milk and selected for their probiotics properties. So far, immune response of inoculating LAB in bovine udders at dry-off period has not been investigated. The immunoglobulin isotype levels and memory cell proliferation in blood and milk of animals inoculated with Lactobacillus lactis subsp. lactis CRL1655 and Lactobacillus perolens CRL1724 at dry-off period was studied. Ten animals were inoculated intramammarily with 106 cells of each LAB (IG) and 2 animals used as control (NIG). Milk and blood samples were taken before inoculation and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h and 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk, the presence of bovine mastitis pathogens, the levels of antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were determined. In the IG, the SCC was <250,000 cells/ml up to 4 h after intramammary inoculation. Six and 12 h after inoculation, the SCC increased up to 600,000 and 2,000,000 cells/ml, respectively. In the NIG, the SCC reached the maximum value 7 days after inoculation. Microbiological analysis showed that all samples were negative for major bovine mastitis pathogens after 24-48 h of incubation. In general, LAB inoculation increased the amount of IgG isotypes in blood and milk, and these antibodies were able to recognise Staphylococcus aureus epitopes. Lymphocytes proliferation was significantly higher in the IG at all time points assayed, following LAB or S. aureus stimulation. The lymphocytes of animals inoculated with LAB do not react in vitro to the presence of S. aureus antigen.. The results showed that probiotic microorganisms could be a natural and effective alternative in the prevention of bovine mastitis at dry-off period and act as immunomodulatory stimulating local and systemic defence lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pellegrino
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,4 Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Berardo
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,4 Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Giraudo
- 2 Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M E F Nader-Macías
- 3 CERELA-CONICET (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina), Departamento de Microbiología Preventiva, Chacabuco 145, 4000-San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,4 Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CIC-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Bogni
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Johnzon CF, Artursson K, Söderlund R, Guss B, Rönnberg E, Pejler G. Mastitis Pathogens with High Virulence in a Mouse Model Produce a Distinct Cytokine Profile In Vivo. Front Immunol 2016; 7:368. [PMID: 27713743 PMCID: PMC5031784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a serious medical condition of dairy cattle. Here, we evaluated whether the degree of virulence of mastitis pathogens in a mouse model can be linked to the inflammatory response that they provoke. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (strain 556 and 392) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (676 and 127), and laboratory control strains [8325-4 (S. aureus) and MG1655 (E. coli)], were injected i.p. into mice, followed by the assessment of clinical scores and inflammatory parameters. As judged by clinical scoring, E. coli 127 exhibited the largest degree of virulence among the strains. All bacterial strains induced neutrophil recruitment. However, whereas E. coli 127 induced high peritoneal levels of CXCL1, G-CSF, and CCL2, strikingly lower levels of these were induced by the less virulent bacterial strains. High concentrations of these compounds were also seen in blood samples taken from animals infected with E. coli 127, suggesting systemic inflammation. Moreover, the levels of CXCL1 and G-CSF, both in the peritoneal fluid and in plasma, correlated with clinical score. Together, these findings suggest that highly virulent clinical mastitis isolates produce a distinct cytokine profile that shows a close correlation with the severity of the bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Fredrik Johnzon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | | | - Bengt Guss
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pellegrino M, Rodriguez N, Vivas A, Giraudo J, Bogni C. Staphylococcus aureus avirulent mutant vaccine induces humoral and cellular immune responses on pregnant heifers. Vaccine 2016; 34:3356-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bröker BM, Mrochen D, Péton V. The T Cell Response to Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5010031. [PMID: 26999219 PMCID: PMC4810152 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a dangerous pathogen and a leading cause of both nosocomial and community acquired bacterial infection worldwide. However, on the other hand, we are all exposed to this bacterium, often within the first hours of life, and usually manage to establish equilibrium and coexist with it. What does the adaptive immune system contribute toward lifelong control of S. aureus? Will it become possible to raise or enhance protective immune memory by vaccination? While in the past the S. aureus-specific antibody response has dominated this discussion, the research community is now coming to appreciate the role that the cellular arm of adaptive immunity, the T cells, plays. There are numerous T cell subsets, each with differing functions, which together have the ability to orchestrate the immune response to S. aureus and hence to tip the balance between protection and pathology. This review summarizes the state of the art in this dynamic field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Daniel Mrochen
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Vincent Péton
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Middleton JR. Staphylococcus aureusantigens and challenges in vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 7:805-15. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.6.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary medicine. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 21:602-15. [PMID: 23974078 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen in humans and one of the most important pathogenic Staphylococcus species in veterinary medicine. S. aureus is dangerous because of its deleterious effects on animal health and its potential for transmission from animals to humans and vice-versa. It thus has a huge impact on animal health and welfare and causes major economic losses in livestock production. Increasing attention is therefore being paid to both livestock and companion animals in terms of this pathogen. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the animal host adaptation of S. aureus. Different types of S. aureus infections in animals are also presented, with particular emphasis on mastitis in dairy herds, which is probably the costliest and therefore the best documented S. aureus infection seen in animals.
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Gliotoxinogenic Aspergillus fumigatus in the dairy herd environment. Mycotoxin Res 2013; 29:71-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-013-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wallemacq H, Bedoret D, Pujol J, Desmet C, Drion PV, Farnir F, Mainil J, Lekeux P, Bureau F, Fiévez L. CD40 triggering induces strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus immunization in mice: A new vaccine strategy for staphylococcal mastitis. Vaccine 2012; 30:2116-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Efficacy of Staphylococcus aureus vaccines for bovine mastitis: A systematic review. Vet Microbiol 2011; 148:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pellegrino M, Giraudo J, Raspanti C, Odierno L, Bogni C. Efficacy of immunization against bovine mastitis using a Staphylococcus aureus avirulent mutant vaccine. Vaccine 2010; 28:4523-8. [PMID: 20450870 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is responsible of major economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. In Argentine dairy herds, Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent of the disease. The ineffectiveness of some current practices to control S. aureus infections, often leads to a chronic and recurrent infection with persistent bacterial reservoir within a herd. Vaccination against S. aureus seems to be a rational approach for the control of the disease. In the present study, we investigate the response of dairy heifers after a combined immunization schedule with the avirulent mutant RC122 S. aureus vaccine. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated heifers were challenged 40 days after calving with the parental virulent strain. After challenge, and during the study period, milk bacterial recovery was significantly higher in non-vaccinated heifers than vaccinates. Importantly, inoculated bacteria could not be isolated from the milk of vaccinated heifers until 72 h after challenge, and the overall percentage of infected quarters in these animals was significantly lower. An increase in the level of specific IgG was observed in blood and milk of vaccinated heifers during the trial. At calving, IgG(2) was the main antibody isotype found in blood. Immune sera from vaccinated heifers increased phagocytosis over sera from non-vaccinated heifers and were able to opsonize heterologous S. aureus strains. Results demonstrated that immunization of dairy heifers with strain RC122 was able to elicit a significant opsonic antibody production in blood and milk and provides protection by a significant reduction in bacterial shedding after challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Pellegrino
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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