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Ali MS, Lee EB, Hsu WH, Suk K, Sayem SAJ, Ullah HMA, Lee SJ, Park SC. Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs. Pathogens 2023; 12:874. [PMID: 37513721 PMCID: PMC10383198 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such as lipoteichoic acids, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, and surface-layer proteins, offer several advantages. Probiotics can produce different antimicrobial components, enzymes, peptides, vitamins, and exopolysaccharides. Besides live probiotics, there has been growing interest in consuming inactivated probiotics in farm animals, including pigs. Several reports have shown that live and killed probiotics can boost immunity, modulate intestinal microbiota, improve feed efficiency and growth performance, and decrease the incidence of diarrhea, positioning them as an interesting strategy as a potential feed supplement for pigs. Therefore, effective selection and approach to the use of probiotics might provide essential features of using probiotics as an important functional feed for pigs. This review aimed to systematically investigate the potential effects of lactic acid bacteria in their live and inactivated forms on pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sekendar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Arif Ullah
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Development and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Guslandi M. Probiotics and intestinal health. PROBIOTICS 2022:343-353. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85170-1.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Damaceno QS, Gallotti B, Reis IMM, Totte YCP, Assis GB, Figueiredo HC, Silva TF, Azevedo V, Nicoli JR, Martins FS. Isolation and Identification of Potential Probiotic Bacteria from Human Milk. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:491-501. [PMID: 34671923 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk was long considered a sterile environment, but now it is known to harbor many bacteria that will shape the newborn microbiota. The benefits of breastfeeding to newborn health are, on some level, related to the presence of beneficial bacteria in human milk. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and isolate potential probiotics present in human milk that might be associated with improved health in infants, being potential candidates to be used in simulated human milk formula. Milk samples of 24 healthy mothers were collected at three time points: 30 min (colostrum), 5-9 days (transitional milk), and 25-30 days (mature milk) postpartum. Samples were evaluated by culturing, and the isolated bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and 16S DNA sequencing. In vitro screening for probiotics properties was performed, and the potential probiotics were mono-associated with germ-free mice to evaluate their ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The microorganisms were submitted to the spray-drying process to check their viability for a potential simulated milk formula production. Seventy-seven bacteria were isolated from breast milk pertaining to four bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lacticaseibacillus). Four potential probiotics were selected: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (n = 2) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (n = 2). Isolates were able to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice and remained viable after the spray-drying process. In conclusion, breast milk harbors a unique microbiota with beneficial microorganisms that will impact the newborn gut colonization, being an essential source of probiotic candidates to be used in a formula of simulated maternal milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quésia S Damaceno
- Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 662730270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gallotti
- Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 662730270-901, Brazil
| | - Isabela M M Reis
- Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 662730270-901, Brazil
| | - Yasmim C P Totte
- Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 662730270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriella B Assis
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique C Figueiredo
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales F Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ecologia e Evolução, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ecologia e Evolução, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 662730270-901, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 662730270-901, Brazil.
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Dlamini ZC, Langa RLS, Aiyegoro OA, Okoh AI. Safety Evaluation and Colonisation Abilities of Four Lactic Acid Bacteria as Future Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:397-402. [PMID: 29881953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the safety and colonisation properties of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB), by determining their cell hydrophobicity and aggregation abilities. In addition, the presence of virulence and resistance genes was assayed in these probiotic candidates. Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ625, Lactobacillus reuteri VB4, Lactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 and Streptococcus salivarius NBRC13956 were tested for cell surface hydrophobicity abilities against xylene, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The isolates were also tested for auto-aggregation and co-aggregation abilities; the optical densities of cell growth were measured after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of experimental set-up. DNA was extracted from all the four isolates and amplified using PCR with specific primers to detect virulence genes of adhesion collagen protein (ace) and aggregation substances (agg and asa); also, resistance genes of Vancomycin vanA, Vancomycin vanC1 and Vancomycin vanC2/3 were assayed in the four isolates. The isolates showed high hydrophobicity to all solvents: xylene (78-84%), chloroform (68-75%) and ethyl acetate (52-60%). High auto- and co-aggregations ranging from 60 to 70% and from 45 to 56% respectively were observed in the isolates after 4 h of incubation at 37 °C. Some of the tested isolates showed the presence of virulence and resistance genes; however, this does not indicate that these genes are unsafe because their transmission and expression abilities are unknown. Therefore, in this study, the isolates studied are considered safe for use as future probiotics, as revealed from results presented, which generally represents the scanned safety evaluations of the isolates as promising probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyanda C Dlamini
- Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production Institute, Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa.,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Rashwahla L S Langa
- Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production Institute, Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa
| | - Olayinka A Aiyegoro
- Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production Institute, Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa. .,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Ghosh S, Qureshi A, Purohit HJ. D-Tryptophan governs biofilm formation rates and bacterial interaction in P. mendocina and S. aureus. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 31:31/1/e00087-17. [PMID: 29187397 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00087-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachyspira pilosicoli is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. B. pilosicoli has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider B. pilosicoli in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.
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Saeed M, Yatao X, Ur Rehman Z, Asif Arain M, Nawaz Soom R, Abd El-Hac ME, Ahmed Bhut Z, Abbasi B, Dhama K, Sarwar M, Chao S. Nutritional and Healthical Aspects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) for Human, Animals and Poultry. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.361.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Dalli SS, Uprety BK, Rakshit SK. Industrial Production of Active Probiotics for Food Enrichment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6595-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Le Roy CI, Mappley LJ, La Ragione RM, Woodward MJ, Claus SP. Brachyspira pilosicoli-induced avian intestinal spirochaetosis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2015; 26:28853. [PMID: 26679774 PMCID: PMC4683989 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v26.28853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) is a common disease occurring in poultry that can be caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli, a Gram-negative bacterium of the order Spirochaetes. During AIS, this opportunistic pathogen colonises the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry (principally, the ileum, caeca, and colon), which can cause symptoms such as diarrhoea, reduced growth rate, and reduced egg production and quality. Due to the large increase of bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment, the European Union banned in 2006 the prophylactic use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock. Consequently, the number of outbreaks of AIS has dramatically increased in the UK resulting in significant economic losses. This review summarises the current knowledge about AIS infection caused by B. pilosicoli and discusses various treatments and prevention strategies to control AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I Le Roy
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Luke J Mappley
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK.,Department of Bacteriology, APHA, Weybridge, UK
| | - Martin J Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK;
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Di Cerbo A, Palmieri B, Aponte M, Morales-Medina JC, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of lactobacilli. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:187-203. [PMID: 26578541 PMCID: PMC4789713 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is not a silent ecosystem but exerts several physiological and immunological functions. For many decades, lactobacilli have been used as an effective therapy for treatment of several pathological conditions displaying an overall positive safety profile. This review summarises the mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting therapeutic efficacy of lactobacilli. We searched Pubmed/Medline using the keyword ‘Lactobacillus’. Selected papers from 1950 to 2015 were chosen on the basis of their content. Relevant clinical and experimental articles using lactobacilli as therapeutic agents have been included. Applications of lactobacilli include kidney support for renal insufficiency, pancreas health, management of metabolic imbalance, and cancer treatment and prevention. In vitro and in vivo investigations have shown that prolonged lactobacilli administration induces qualitative and quantitative modifications in the human gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem with encouraging perspectives in counteracting pathology-associated physiological and immunological changes. Few studies have highlighted the risk of translocation with subsequent sepsis and bacteraemia following probiotic administration but there is still a lack of investigations on the dose effect of these compounds. Great care is thus required in the choice of the proper Lactobacillus species, their genetic stability and the translocation risk, mainly related to inflammatory disease-induced gut mucosa enhanced permeability. Finally, we need to determine the adequate amount of bacteria to be delivered in order to achieve the best clinical efficacy decreasing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Aponte
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Genome Sequence of Rough and Smooth Variants of Pleomorphic Strain Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM-I-3699. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01059-15. [PMID: 26383668 PMCID: PMC4574373 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01059-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM-I-3699 is a pleomorphic strain exhibiting smooth and rough variants. We report their complete genomes consisting of a chromosome of 2, 4 Mb and a plasmid of 6,417 bp. The smooth variant differs by the presence of an additional plasmid of 35,418 bp.
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Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3698 is a commercially available probiotic that is used in animal feed as an additive. Here, we announce the draft genome sequence for this strain, consisting of 71 contigs corresponding to 2,966,480 bp and a G+C content of 46.69%.
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Tareb R, Bernardeau M, Horvath P, Vernoux JP. Rough and smooth morphotypes isolated from Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM I-3699 are two closely-related variants. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 193:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mappley LJ, La Ragione RM, Woodward MJ. Brachyspira and its role in avian intestinal spirochaetosis. Vet Microbiol 2013; 168:245-60. [PMID: 24355534 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The fastidious, anaerobic spirochaete Brachyspira is capable of causing enteric disease in avian, porcine and human hosts, amongst others, with a potential for zoonotic transmission. Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS), the resulting disease from colonisation of the caeca and colon of poultry by Brachyspira leads to production losses, with an estimated annual cost of circa £ 18 million to the commercial layer industry in the United Kingdom. Of seven known and several proposed species of Brachyspira, three are currently considered pathogenic to poultry; B. alvinipulli, B. intermedia and B. pilosicoli. Currently, AIS is primarily prevented by strict biosecurity controls and is treated using antimicrobials, including tiamulin. Other treatment strategies have been explored, including vaccination and probiotics, but such developments have been hindered by a limited understanding of the pathobiology of Brachyspira. A lack of knowledge of the metabolic capabilities and little genomic information for Brachyspira has resulted in a limited understanding of the pathobiology. In addition to an emergence of antibiotic resistance amongst Brachyspira, bans on the prophylactic use of antimicrobials in livestock are driving an urgent requirement for alternative treatment strategies for Brachyspira-related diseases, such as AIS. Advances in the molecular biology and genomics of Brachyspira heralds the potential for the development of tools for genetic manipulation to gain an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of Brachyspira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Mappley
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Martin J Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK
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Swine dysentery: aetiology, pathogenicity, determinants of transmission and the fight against the disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1927-47. [PMID: 23665849 PMCID: PMC3709357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10051927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Swine Dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorhagic enteric disease of pigs caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which has a large impact on pig production and causes important losses due to mortality and sub-optimal performance. Although B. hyodysenteriae has been traditionally considered a pathogen mainly transmitted by direct contact, through the introduction of subclinically infected animals into a previously uninfected herd, recent findings position B. hyodysenteriae as a potential threat for indirect transmission between farms. This article summarizes the knowledge available on the etiological agent of SD and its virulence traits, and reviews the determinants of SD transmission. The between-herds and within-herd transmission routes are addressed. The factors affecting disease transmission are thoroughly discussed, i.e., environmental survival of the pathogen, husbandry factors (production system, production stage, farm management), role of vectors, diet influence and interaction of the microorganism with gut microbiota. Finally, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to fight against the disease are briefly described.
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Tuo Y, Yu H, Ai L, Wu Z, Guo B, Chen W. Aggregation and adhesion properties of 22 Lactobacillus strains. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4252-7. [PMID: 23664349 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the autoaggregating, coaggregating, hydrophobicity, and adhering abilities of 22 Lactobacillus strains belonging to different species were assessed. No correlation existed between autoaggregation and adhesion of the strains belonging to different species, whereas a positive correlation existed between autoaggregation and adhesion of the strains belonging to the same species. After treating with guanidine HCl, the autoaggregating and adhering abilities of some Lactobacillus strains decreased, indicating that surface-bound proteins and other macromolecules played a role in the adhering and autoaggregating abilities. The strains Lactobacillus plantarum 20 and 66 had higher adhesion and coaggregation abilities and should be further studied for their probable probiotic properties. Aggregating, coaggregating, and adhering abilities of Lactobacillus strains could be used as the preliminary criteria for selecting strains having probiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technical Centre of Bright Dairy and Food Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
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Tareb R, Bernardeau M, Gueguen M, Vernoux JP. In vitro characterization of aggregation and adhesion properties of viable and heat-killed forms of two probiotic Lactobacillus strains and interaction with foodborne zoonotic bacteria, especially Campylobacter jejuni. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:637-649. [PMID: 23329323 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.049965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial aggregation and/or adhesion are key factors for colonization of the digestive ecosystem and the ability of probiotic strains to exclude pathogens. In the present study, two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 and Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM-I-3699, were evaluated as viable or heat-killed forms and compared with probiotic reference Lactobacillus strains (Lb. rhamnosus GG and Lb. farciminis CIP 103136). The autoaggregation potential of both forms was higher than that of reference strains and twice that of pathogenic strains. The coaggregation potential of these two beneficial micro-organisms was evaluated against several pathogenic agents that threaten the global safety of the feed/food chain: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The strongest coaggregative interactions were demonstrated with Campylobacter spp. by a coaggregation test, confirmed by electron microscopic examination for the two forms. Viable forms were investigated for the nature of the bacterial cell-surface molecules involved, by sugar reversal tests and chemical and enzymic pretreatments. The results suggest that the coaggregation between both probiotic strains and C. jejuni CIP 70.2(T) is mediated by a carbohydrate-lectin interaction. The autoaggregation potential of the two probiotics decreased upon exposure to proteinase, SDS or LiCl, showing that proteinaceous components on the surface of the two lactobacilli play an important role in this interaction. Adhesion abilities of both Lactobacillus strains were also demonstrated at significant levels on Caco-2 cells, mucin and extracellular matrix material. Both viable and heat-killed forms of the two probiotic lactobacilli inhibited the attachment of C. jejuni CIP 70.2(T) to mucin. In conclusion, in vitro assays showed that Lb. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 and Lb. farciminis CNCM-I-3699, as viable or heat-killed forms, are adherent to different intestinal matrix models and are highly aggregative in vitro with pathogens, especially Campylobacter spp., the most commonly reported zoonotic agent in the European Union. This study supports the need for further in vivo investigations to demonstrate the potential food safety benefits of Lb. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 and Lb. farciminis CNCM-I-3699, live or heat-killed, in the global feed/food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouf Tareb
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, Marlborough, UK.,Unité de Recherche Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (UR ABTE) EA 4651, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Maréchal Juin, F 14032 Caen, France
| | | | - Marielle Gueguen
- Université Paris-Est, Institut Français de Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagements et des Réseaux, 58 boulevard Lefebvre, 75732 Paris cedex 15, France.,Unité de Recherche Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (UR ABTE) EA 4651, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Maréchal Juin, F 14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Paul Vernoux
- Unité de Recherche Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (UR ABTE) EA 4651, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Maréchal Juin, F 14032 Caen, France
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Mappley LJ, Tchórzewska MA, Nunez A, Woodward MJ, Bramley PM, La Ragione RM. Oral treatment of chickens with Lactobacillus reuteri LM1 reduces Brachyspira pilosicoli-induced pathology. J Med Microbiol 2012; 62:287-296. [PMID: 23161764 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.051862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) results from the colonization of the caeca and colon of poultry by pathogenic Brachyspira, notably Brachyspira pilosicoli. Following the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters in the European Union in 2006, the number of cases of AIS has increased, which, alongside emerging antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira, has driven renewed interest in alternative intervention strategies. Lactobacillus-based probiotics have been shown to protect against infection with common enteric pathogens in livestock. Our previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus reuteri LM1 antagonizes aspects of the pathobiology of Brachyspira in vitro. Here, we showed that L. reuteri LM1 mitigates the clinical symptoms of AIS in chickens experimentally challenged with B. pilosicoli. Two groups of 15 commercial laying hens were challenged experimentally by oral gavage with B. pilosicoli B2904 at 18 weeks of age; one group received unsupplemented drinking water and the other received L. reuteri LM1 in drinking water from 1 week prior to challenge with Brachyspira and thereafter for the duration of the study. This treatment regime was protective. Specifically, B. pilosicoli was detected by culture in fewer birds, bird weights were higher, faecal moisture contents were significantly lower (P<0.05) and egg production as assessed by egg weight and faecal staining score was improved (P<0.05). Also, at post-mortem examination, significantly fewer B. pilosicoli were recovered from treated birds (P<0.05), with only mild-moderate histopathological changes observed. These data suggest that L. reuteri LM1 may be a useful tool in the control of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Mappley
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK.,Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Monika A Tchórzewska
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK.,Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alejandro Nunez
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Martin J Woodward
- Pathology Unit, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Peter M Bramley
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.,Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus adherence to Caco-2 cells by lactobacilli and cell surface properties that influence attachment. Anaerobe 2012; 18:508-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhang D, Li R, Li J. Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 and L22 display probiotic potential in vitro and protect against Salmonella-induced pullorum disease in a chick model of infection. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:366-73. [PMID: 21764090 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 (L. reuteri ATCC 55730) and L. reuteri L22 were studied for their probiotic potential. These two strains were able to produce an antimicrobial substance, termed reuterin, the maximum production of reuterin by these two strains was detected in the late logarithmic growth phase (16 h in MRS and 20 h in LB broths). These two strains could significantly reduce the growth of Salmonella pullorum ATCC 9120 in MRS broth, L. reuteri ATCC 55730 with a reduction of 48.2±4.15% (in 5 log) and 89.7±2.59% (in 4 log) respectively, at the same time, L. reuteri L22 was 69.4±3.48% (in 5 log) and 80.4±3.22% respectively. L. reuteri ATCC 55730 was active against the majority of the pathogenic species, including S. pullorum ATCC 9120 and Escherichia coli O(78), while L. reuteri L22 was not as effective as L. reuteri ATCC 55730. The two potential strains were found to survive variably at pH 2.5 and were unaffected by bile salts, while neither of the strains was haemolytic. Moreover, L. reuteri ATCC 55730 exhibited variable susceptibility towards commonly used antibiotics; but L. reuteri L22 showed resistant to most antibiotics in this study. L. reuteri ATCC 55730 consequently was found to significantly increase survival rate in a Salmonella-induced pullorum disease model in chick. To conclude, strain L. reuteri ATCC 55730 possesses desirable probiotic properties, such as antimicrobial activity and immunomodulation in vitro, which were confirmed in vivo by the use of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexian Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Lactobacilli antagonize the growth, motility, and adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a potential intervention against avian intestinal spirochetosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:5402-11. [PMID: 21666022 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00185-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum of poultry by pathogenic Brachyspira species. The number of cases of AIS has increased since the 2006 European Union ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, which, together with emerging antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira, has driven renewed interest in alternative intervention strategies. Probiotics have been reported as protecting livestock against infection with common enteric pathogens, and here we investigate which aspects of the biology of Brachyspira they antagonize in order to identify possible interventions against AIS. The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of two Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus reuteri LM1 and Lactobacillus salivarius LM2, suppressed the growth of Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 in a pH-dependent manner. In in vitro adherence and invasion assays with HT29-16E three-dimensional (3D) cells and in a novel avian cecal in vitro organ culture (IVOC) model, the adherence and invasion of B. pilosicoli in epithelial cells were reduced significantly by the presence of lactobacilli (P < 0.001). In addition, live and heat-inactivated lactobacilli inhibited the motility of B. pilosicoli, and electron microscopic observations indicated that contact between the lactobacilli and Brachyspira was crucial in inhibiting both adherence and motility. These data suggest that motility is essential for B. pilosicoli to adhere to and invade the gut epithelium and that any interference of motility may be a useful tool for the development of control strategies.
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Klose V, Bayer K, Bruckbeck R, Schatzmayr G, Loibner AP. In vitro antagonistic activities of animal intestinal strains against swine-associated pathogens. Vet Microbiol 2010; 144:515-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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