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Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya. mSphere 2022; 7:e0041622. [PMID: 36472449 PMCID: PMC9769740 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00416-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ngari virus (NRIV) is a mosquito-borne reassortant orthobunyavirus that causes severe febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever in humans and small ruminants. Due to limited diagnostics and surveillance, NRIV has only been detected sporadically during Rift Valley fever virus outbreaks. Little is known on its interepidemic maintenance and geographic distribution. In this study, sera from cattle, goats, and sheep were collected through a cross-sectional survey after the rainy seasons between 2020 and 2021 in two pastoralist-dominated semiarid ecosystems, Baringo and Kajiado counties in Kenya. NRIV was detected in 11 apparently healthy animals (11/2,039, 0.54%) by RT-PCR and isolated in cell culture from seven individuals. Growth analyses displayed efficient replication in cells from sheep and humans in contrast to weak replication in goat cells. NRIV infection of a wide variety of different vector cells showed only rapid replication in Aedes albopictus cells but not in cells derived from other mosquito species or sandflies. Phylogenetic analyses of complete-coding sequences of L, M, and S segments of four viruses showed that the Kenyan sequences established a monophyletic clade most closely related to a NRIV sequence from a small ruminant from Mauritania. NRIV neutralizing reactivity in cattle, goats, and sheep were 41.6% (95% CI = 30 to 54.3), 52.4% (95% CI = 37.7 to 66.6), and 19% (95% CI = 9.7 to 33.6), respectively. This is the first detection of NRIV in livestock in Kenya. Our results demonstrate active and undetected circulation of NRIV in the three most common livestock species highlighting the need for an active one-health surveillance of host networks, including humans, livestock, and vectors. IMPORTANCE Surveillance of vectors and hosts for infection with zoonotic arthropod-borne viruses is important for early detection and intervention measures to prevent outbreaks. Here, we report the undetected circulation of Ngari virus (NRIV) in apparently healthy cattle, sheep, and goats in Kenya. NRIV is associated with outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in humans and small ruminants. We demonstrate the isolation of infectious virus from several animals as well as presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38% of the tested animals. Our data indicate active virus circulation and endemicity likely having important implications for human and animal health.
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Zhao L, Luo H, Huang D, Yu P, Dong Q, Mwaliko C, Atoni E, Nyaruaba R, Yuan J, Zhang G, Bente D, Yuan Z, Xia H. Pathogenesis and Immune Response of Ebinur Lake Virus: A Newly Identified Orthobunyavirus That Exhibited Strong Virulence in Mice. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:625661. [PMID: 33597934 PMCID: PMC7882632 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.625661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthobunyaviruses are a group of viruses with significant public and veterinary health importance. These viruses are mainly transmitted through mosquito-, midge-, and tick-vectors, and are endemic to various regions of the world. Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV), a newly identified member of Orthobunyavirus, was isolated from Culex mosquitoes in Northwest China. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the pathogenesis and host immune responses of EBIV in BALB/c mice, as an animal model. Herein, we determined that BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to EBIV infection. The infected mice exhibited evident clinical signs including weight loss, mild encephalitis, and death. High mortality of mice was observed even with inoculation of one plaque-forming unit (PFU) of EBIV, and the infected mice succumbed to death within 5-9 days. After EBIV challenge, rapid viremic dissemination was detected in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, with prominent histopathologic changes observed in liver, spleen, thymus, and brain. Blood constituents' analysis of EBIV infected mice exhibited leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and significantly elevated ALT, LDH-L, and CK. Further, EBIV infection induced obvious cytokines changes in serum, spleen, and brain in mice. Collectively, our data describe the first study that systematically examines the pathogenesis of EBIV and induced immune response in an immunocompetent standard mouse model, expanding our knowledge of this virus, which may pose a threat to One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Computing Virus Discipline Group, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiannan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caroline Mwaliko
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Evans Atoni
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangling Yuan
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Xinjiang Heribase Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Dennis Bente
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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de Oliveira Filho EF, Carneiro IO, Ribas JRL, Fischer C, Marklewitz M, Junglen S, Netto EM, Franke CR, Drexler JF. Identification of animal hosts of Fort Sherman virus, a New World zoonotic orthobunyavirus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1433-1441. [PMID: 32009301 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An orthobunyavirus termed Fort Sherman virus (FSV) was isolated in 1985 from a febrile US soldier in Panama, yet potential animal reservoirs remained unknown. We investigated sera from 192 clinically healthy peri-domestic animals sampled in northeastern Brazil during 2014-2018 by broadly reactive RT-PCR for orthobunyavirus RNA, including 50 cattle, 57 sheep, 35 goats and 50 horses. One horse sampled in 2018 was positive (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.01-3.2) at 6.2 × 103 viral RNA copies/mL. Genomic comparisons following virus isolation in Vero cells and deep sequencing revealed high identity of translated amino acid sequences between the new orthobunyavirus and the Panamanian FSV prototype (genes: L, 98.8%; M, 83.5%; S, 100%), suggesting these viruses are conspecific. Database comparisons revealed even higher genomic identity between the Brazilian FSV and taxonomically unassigned Argentinian mosquito- and horse-derived viruses sampled in 1965, 1982 and 2013 with only 1.1% maximum translated amino acid distances across viral genes, suggesting the Argentinian viruses were also distinct FSV strains. The Panamanian FSV strain was an M gene reassortant relative to all Southern American FSV strains, clustering phylogenetically with Cache Valley virus (CVV). Mean dN/dS ratios among FSV genes ranged from 0.03 to 0.07, compatible with strong purifying selection. FSV-specific neutralizing antibodies occurred at relatively high end-point titres in the range of 1:300 in 22.0% of horses (11 out of 50 animals), 8.0% of cattle (4/50 animals), 7.0% of sheep (4/57 animals) and 2.9% of goats (1/35 animals). High specificity of serologic testing was suggested by significantly higher overall FSV-specific compared to CVV- and Bunyamwera virus-specific end-point titres (p = .009), corroborating a broad vertebrate host range within peri-domestic animals. Growth kinetics using mosquito-, midge- and sandfly-derived cell lines suggested Aedes mosquitos as potential vectors. Our findings highlight the occurrence of FSV across a geographic range exceeding 7,000 km, surprising genomic conservation across a time span exceeding 50 years, M gene-based reassortment events, and the existence of multiple animal hosts of FSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmilson F de Oliveira Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Carlo Fischer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Equine populations worldwide are at increasing risk of infection by viruses transmitted by biting arthropods, including mosquitoes, biting midges (Culicoides), sandflies and ticks. These include the flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and Murray Valley encephalitis), alphaviruses (eastern, western and Venezuelan encephalitis) and the orbiviruses (African horse sickness and equine encephalosis). This review provides an overview of the challenges faced in the surveillance, prevention and control of the major equine arboviruses, particularly in the context of these viruses emerging in new regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Chapman
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Baylis
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Archer
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J M Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
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5
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Tauro LB, Rivarola ME, Lucca E, Mariño B, Mazzini R, Cardoso JF, Barrandeguy ME, Teixeira Nunes MR, Contigiani MS. First isolation of Bunyamwera virus (Bunyaviridae family) from horses with neurological disease and an abortion in Argentina. Vet J 2015; 206:111-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tauro LB, Batallan GP, Rivarola ME, Visintin A, Berrón CI, Sousa EC, Diaz LA, Almiron WR, Nunes MR, Contigiani MS. Detection of Orthobunyavirus in mosquitoes collected in Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:338-343. [PMID: 25991544 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) (Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, serogroup Bunyamwera) is considered an emerging pathogen for humans and animals in American countries. The CbaAr-426 strain of BUNV was recovered from mosquitoes Ochlerotatus albifasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in Córdoba province (Argentina), where serological studies detected high seroprevalences in humans and animals. Molecular detection of Orthobunyavirus was performed in mosquitoes collected in Córdoba province. Seventeen mosquito pools of Oc. albifasciatus, Ochlerotatus scapularis and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) showed positive results; four of these positive pools, all of Oc. scapularis, were sequenced. All amplicons grouped with BUNV in the Bunyamwera serogroup. The findings highlight the circulation of BUNV in Córdoba province and represent the first report of BUNV-infected Oc. scapularis mosquitoes in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Tauro
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología Dr J. M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G P Batallan
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología Dr J. M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnológicas, Instituto de Ambiente de Montañas y Regiones Áridas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Chilecito, Argentina
| | - M E Rivarola
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología Dr J. M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Visintin
- Cátedra de Biología Animal, Departamento de Ciencas Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
- Cátedra de Entomología, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C I Berrón
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología Dr J. M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E C Sousa
- Seção Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde, Belem, Brazil
| | - L A Diaz
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología Dr J. M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - W R Almiron
- Cátedra de Entomología, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M R Nunes
- Centro de Inovações Tecnológicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde, Belem, Brazil
| | - M S Contigiani
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología Dr J. M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Li B, Wang Q, Pan X, Fernández de Castro I, Sun Y, Guo Y, Tao X, Risco C, Sui SF, Lou Z. Bunyamwera virus possesses a distinct nucleocapsid protein to facilitate genome encapsidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9048-53. [PMID: 23569257 PMCID: PMC3670369 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222552110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), which belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus, is the prototypical virus of the Bunyaviridae family. Similar to other negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, bunyaviruses possess a nucleocapsid protein (NP) to facilitate genomic RNA encapsidation and virus replication. The structures of two NPs of members of different genera within the Bunyaviridae family have been reported. However, their structures, RNA-binding features, and functions beyond RNA binding significantly differ from one another. Here, we report the crystal structure of the BUNV NP-RNA complex. The polypeptide of the BUNV NP was found to possess a distinct fold among viral NPs. An N-terminal arm and a C-terminal tail were found to interact with neighboring NP protomers to form a tetrameric ring-shaped organization. Each protomer bound a 10-nt RNA molecule, which was acquired from the expression host, in the positively charged crevice between the N and C lobes. Inhomogeneous oligomerization was observed for the recombinant BUNV NP-RNA complex, which was similar to the Rift Valley fever virus NP-RNA complex. This result suggested that the flexibility of one NP protomer with adjacent protomers underlies the BUNV ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) formation. Electron microscopy revealed that the monomer-sized NP-RNA complex was the building block of the natural BUNV RNP. Combined with previous results indicating that mutagenesis of the interprotomer or protein-RNA interface affects BUNV replication, our structure provides a great potential for understanding the mechanism underlying negative-sense single-stranded RNA RNP formation and enables the development of antiviral therapies targeting BUNV RNP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobin Li
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xijiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Isabel Fernández de Castro
- Cell Structure Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinwei Tao
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine
| | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Protein Science, and
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Blitvich BJ, Saiyasombat R, Travassos da Rosa A, Tesh RB, Calisher CH, Garcia-Rejon JE, Farfán-Ale JA, Loroño RE, Bates A, Loroño-Pino MA. Orthobunyaviruses, a common cause of infection of livestock in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:1132-9. [PMID: 23045250 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the seroprevalence of selected orthobunyaviruses in livestock in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, a serologic investigation was performed using serum samples from 256 domestic animals (182 horses, 31 sheep, 1 dog, 37 chickens, and 5 turkeys). All serum samples were examined by plaque reduction neutralization test using Cache Valley virus (CVV), Cholul virus (CHLV), South River virus (SOURV), Kairi virus, Maguari virus, and Wyeomyia virus. Of the 182 horses, 60 (33.0%) were seropositive for CHLV, 48 (26.4%) were seropositive for CVV, 1 (0.5%) was seropositive for SOURV, 60 (33.0%) had antibodies to an undetermined orthobunyavirus, and 13 (7.1%) were negative for orthobunyavirus-specific antibody. Of the 31 sheep, 6 (19.3%) were seropositive for CHLV, 3 (9.7%) were seropositive for CVV, 4 (12.9%) were seropositive for SOURV, 16 (51.6%) had antibodies to an undetermined orthobunyavirus, and 2 (6.5%) were negative for orthobunyavirus-specific antibody. The single dog was seropositive for SOURV. Four (11%) chickens had antibodies to an undetermined orthobunyavirus, and 1 (20%) turkey was seropositive for CHLV. These data indicate that orthobunyaviruses commonly infect livestock in the Yucatan Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Tauro LB, Venezuela RF, Spinsanti LI, Konigheim BS, Contigiani MS. First case of human infection with a Bunyamwera serogroup virus in Argentina. J Clin Virol 2012; 54:98-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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