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Kløve DC, Farre M, Strube ML, Astrup LB. Comparative Genomics of Staphylococcus rostri, an Undescribed Bacterium Isolated from Dairy Mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:530. [PMID: 37756052 PMCID: PMC10534715 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes 81 S. rostri isolates from bovine mastitis (of which 80 were subclinical). The isolates were first identified as S. microti by MALDI-TOF MS, but later whole genome sequencing analysis allowed reclassification as S. rostri. The isolates were derived from 52 cows and nine dairy herds in Denmark. To describe the pathogenicity of S. rostri, we used whole genome sequencing to infer the distribution of genes associated with virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile genetic elements. Also, we performed a core-genome phylogeny analysis to study the genetic relatedness among the isolates. All 81 isolates expressed the same virulence profile comprising two putative virulence genes, clpP and clpC. Three isolates carried a resistance gene encoding streptomycin (str) or lincomycin (lnuA) resistance. The distribution of plasmids suggested the detected antibiotic resistance genes to be plasmid-mediated. Phages were abundant among the isolates, and the single isolate from clinical mastitis acquired a phage disparate from the rest, which potentially could be involved with virulence in S. rostri. The core genome phylogeny revealed a strong genetic intra-herd conservation, which indicates the source of introduction being herd-specific and might further imply the ability of S. rostri to adapt to the bovine niche and spread from cow-to-cow in a contagious manner. With this study, we aim to acquaint clinicians and professionals with the existence of S. rostri which might have been overlooked so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Corvera Kløve
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Farre
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikael Lenz Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Fišarová L, Pantůček R, Botka T, Doškař J. Variability of resistance plasmids in coagulase-negative staphylococci and their importance as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance. Res Microbiol 2018; 170:105-111. [PMID: 30503569 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are an important cause of human and animal diseases. Treatment of these diseases is complicated by their common antimicrobial resistance, caused by overuse of antibiotics in hospital and veterinary environment. Therefore, they are assumed to serve as a reservoir of resistance genes often located on plasmids. In this study, we analyzed plasmid content in 62 strains belonging to 10 CoNS species of human and veterinary origin. In 48 (77%) strains analyzed, 107 different plasmids were detected, and only some of them showed similarities with plasmids found previously. In total, seven different antimicrobial-resistance genes carried by plasmids were identified. Five of the CoNS staphylococci carried plasmids identical with either those of other CoNS species tested, or a well characterized Staphylococcus aureus strain COL, suggesting plasmid dissemination through horizontal transfer. To demonstrate the possibility of horizontal transfer, we performed electroporation of four resistance plasmids among Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus petrasii, and coagulase-positive S. aureus strains. Plasmids were transferred unchanged, were stably maintained in recipient strains, and expressed resistance genes. Our work demonstrates a great variability of plasmids in human and veterinary staphylococcal strains and their ability to maintain and express resistance plasmids from other staphylococcal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Fišarová
- Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Pantůček
- Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tibor Botka
- Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Doškař
- Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance among staphylococci of animal origin is based on a wide variety of resistance genes. These genes mediate resistance to many classes of antimicrobial agents approved for use in animals, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols, aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols, pleuromutilins, and diaminopyrimidines. In addition, numerous mutations have been identified that confer resistance to specific antimicrobial agents, such as ansamycins and fluoroquinolones. The gene products of some of these resistance genes confer resistance to only specific members of a class of antimicrobial agents, whereas others confer resistance to the entire class or even to members of different classes of antimicrobial agents, including agents approved solely for human use. The resistance genes code for all three major resistance mechanisms: enzymatic inactivation, active efflux, and protection/modification/replacement of the cellular target sites of the antimicrobial agents. Mobile genetic elements, in particular plasmids and transposons, play a major role as carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes in animal staphylococci. They facilitate not only the exchange of resistance genes among members of the same and/or different staphylococcal species, but also between staphylococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. The observation that plasmids of staphylococci often harbor more than one resistance gene points toward coselection and persistence of resistance genes even without direct selective pressure by a specific antimicrobial agent. This chapter provides an overview of the resistance genes and resistance-mediating mutations known to occur in staphylococci of animal origin.
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Sansevere EA, Robinson DA. Staphylococci on ICE: Overlooked agents of horizontal gene transfer. Mob Genet Elements 2017; 7:1-10. [PMID: 28932624 DOI: 10.1080/2159256x.2017.1368433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer plays a significant role in spreading antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes throughout the genus Staphylococcus, which includes species of clinical relevance to humans and animals. While phages and plasmids are the most well-studied agents of horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci, the contribution of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) has been mostly overlooked. Experimental work demonstrating the activity of ICEs in staphylococci remained frozen for years after initial work in the 1980s that showed Tn916 was capable of transfer from Enterococcus to Staphylococcus. However, recent work has begun to thaw this field. To date, 2 families of ICEs have been identified among staphylococci - Tn916 that includes the Tn5801 subfamily, and ICE6013 that includes at least 7 subfamilies. Both Tn5801 and ICE6013 commonly occur in clinical strains of S. aureus. Tn5801 is the most studied of the Tn916 family elements in staphylococci and encodes tetracycline resistance and a protein that, when expressed in Escherichia coli, inhibits restriction barriers to incoming DNA. ICE6013 is among the shortest known ICEs, but it still includes many uncharacterized open reading frames. This element uses an IS30-like transposase as its recombinase, providing some versatility in integration sites. ICE6013 also conjugatively transfers among receptive S. aureus strains at relatively higher frequency than Tn5801. Continued study of these mobile genetic elements may reveal the full extent to which ICEs impact horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Sansevere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - D Ashley Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Discovery of Novel MLSB Resistance Methylase Genes and Their Associated Genetic Elements in Staphylococci. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-016-0030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fischer A, Liljander A, Kaspar H, Muriuki C, Fuxelius HH, Bongcam-Rudloff E, de Villiers EP, Huber CA, Frey J, Daubenberger C, Bishop R, Younan M, Jores J. Camel Streptococcus agalactiae populations are associated with specific disease complexes and acquired the tetracycline resistance gene tetM via a Tn916-like element. Vet Res 2013; 44:86. [PMID: 24083845 PMCID: PMC3850529 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels are the most valuable livestock species in the Horn of Africa and play a pivotal role in the nutritional sustainability for millions of people. Their health status is therefore of utmost importance for the people living in this region. Streptococcus agalactiae, a Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is an important camel pathogen. Here we present the first epidemiological study based on genetic and phenotypic data from African camel derived GBS. Ninety-two GBS were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), capsular polysaccharide typing and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We analysed the GBS using Bayesian linkage, phylogenetic and minimum spanning tree analyses and compared them with human GBS from East Africa in order to investigate the level of genetic exchange between GBS populations in the region. Camel GBS sequence types (STs) were distinct from other STs reported so far. We mapped specific STs and capsular types to major disease complexes caused by GBS. Widespread resistance (34%) to tetracycline was associated with acquisition of the tetM gene that is carried on a Tn916-like element, and observed primarily among GBS isolated from mastitis. The presence of tetM within different MLST clades suggests acquisition on multiple occasions. Wound infections and mastitis in camels associated with GBS are widespread and should ideally be treated with antimicrobials other than tetracycline in East Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fischer
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Liljander
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Muriuki
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hans-Henrik Fuxelius
- SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Etienne P de Villiers
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A Huber
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss TPH, Socinstrasse 57, Basel CH-4002 Switzerland
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Laenggass-Str. 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss TPH, Socinstrasse 57, Basel CH-4002 Switzerland
| | - Richard Bishop
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mario Younan
- Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Germany, P.O. Box 25653, 00603 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joerg Jores
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
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Wendlandt S, Feßler AT, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Schwarz S, Kadlec K. The diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes among staphylococci of animal origin. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:338-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Locatelli C, Piepers S, De Vliegher S, Barberio A, Supré K, Scaccabarozzi L, Pisoni G, Bronzo V, Haesebrouck F, Moroni P. Effect on quarter milk somatic cell count and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus rostri causing intramammary infection in dairy water buffaloes. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3799-805. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lamamy C, Berthelot A, Bertrand X, Valentin AS, Dos Santos S, Thiais S, Morange V, Girard N, Donnio PY, Quentin R, Schrenzel J, François P, van der Mee-Marquet N. CC9 livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus emerges in bloodstream infections in French patients unconnected with animal farming. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:e83-6. [PMID: 23264362 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 4 bloodstream infections associated with CC9 agr type II Staphylococcus aureus in individuals without animal exposure. We demonstrate, by microarray analysis, the presence of egc cluster, fnbA, cap operon, lukS, set2, set12, splE, splD, sak, epiD, and can, genomic features associated with a high virulence potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Lamamy
- Genomic Research Laboratory, University of Geneva Hospitals, Switzerland
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McCarthy AJ, Lindsay JA, Loeffler A. Are all meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) equal in all hosts? Epidemiological and genetic comparison between animal and human MRSA. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:267-75, e53-4. [PMID: 22823579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to pose a major threat to human health. In animals, MRSA has become established as a veterinary pathogen in pets and horses; in livestock, it presents a concern for public health as a reservoir that can infect humans and as a source of transferrable resistance genes. Genetic analyses have revealed that the epidemiology of MRSA is different in different animal hosts. While human hospital-associated MRSA lineages are most commonly involved in pet infection and carriage, horse-specific MRSA most often represent 'traditional' equine S. aureus lineages. A recent development in the epidemiology of animal MRSA is the emergence of pig-adapted strains, such as CC398 and CC9, which appear to have arisen independently in the pig population. Recent insight into the genome structure and the evolution of S. aureus has helped to explain key aspects of these three distinct epidemiological scenarios. This nonsystematic literature review summarizes the structure and variations of the S. aureus genome and gives an overview of the current distribution of MRSA lineages in various animal species. It also discusses present knowledge about the emergence and evolution of MRSA in animals, adaptation to different host species and response to selective pressure from animal-specific environments. An improved understanding of the genetics and selective pressure that underpin the adaptive behaviour of S. aureus may be used in the future to predict new developments in staphylococcal diseases and to investigate novel control strategies required at a time of increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J McCarthy
- Centre for Infection, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains acquired by pig farmers from pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8010-4. [PMID: 22961904 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01902-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carriage of animal-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex 398 (CC398) is common among pig farmers. This study was conducted (i) to investigate whether pig farmers are colonized with pig-specific S. aureus genotypes other than CC398 and (ii) to survey antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolates from pigs and pig farmers. Forty-eight S. aureus isolates from pig farmers and veterinarians and 130 isolates from pigs collected in Western Switzerland were genotyped by spa typing and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for representative sample of the isolates. The data obtained earlier on healthy S. aureus carriers without exposure to agriculture were used for comparison. The genotype composition of S. aureus isolates from pig farmers and veterinarians was similar to isolates from pigs with predominant AFLP clusters CC398, CC9, and CC49. The resistance to tetracycline and macrolides (clarithromycin) was common among the isolates from farmers and veterinarians (52 and 21%, respectively) and similar to resistance levels in isolates from pigs (39 and 23%, respectively). This was in contrast to isolates from persons without contact with agriculture, where no (0/128) isolates were resistant to tetracycline and 3% of the isolates were resistant to clarithromycin. MRSA CC398 was isolated from pigs (n = 11) and pig farmers (n = 5). These data imply that zoonotic transmission of multidrug-resistant S. aureus from pigs to farmers is frequent, and well-known MRSA transmission merely represents the tip of the iceberg for this phenomenon. We speculate that the relatively low frequency of MRSA isolation is related to lower antimicrobial use in Switzerland compared to, for example, the Netherlands.
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Species and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) diversity among methicillin-resistant non-Staphylococcus aureus staphylococci isolated from pigs. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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