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Zhong K, Chen X, Zhang J, Jiang X, Zhang J, Huang M, Bi S, Ju C, Luo Y. Recent Advances in Oral Vaccines for Animals. Vet Sci 2024; 11:353. [PMID: 39195807 PMCID: PMC11360704 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to traditional injected vaccines, oral vaccines offer significant advantages for the immunization of livestock and wildlife due to their ease of use, high compliance, improved safety, and potential to stimulate mucosal immune responses and induce systemic immunity against pathogens. This review provides an overview of the delivery methods for oral vaccines, and the factors that influence their immunogenicity. We also highlight the global progress and achievements in the development and use of oral vaccines for animals, shedding light on potential future applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Xinting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Junhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Minyi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Shuilian Bi
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China;
| | - Chunmei Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Z.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Moreno A, Musto C, Gobbi M, Maioli G, Menchetti M, Trogu T, Paniccià M, Lavazza A, Delogu M. Detection and molecular analysis of Pseudorabies virus from free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) in Italy - a case report. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:9. [PMID: 38172819 PMCID: PMC10765938 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The only natural hosts of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) are members of the family Suidae (Sus scrofa scrofa). In mammals, the infection is usually fatal and typically causes serious neurologic disease. This study describes four Aujeszky's disease cases in free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus). In Italy, the wolf is a strictly protected species and is in demographic expansion. CASE PRESENTATION Three wolves (Wolf A, B, and C) were found in a regional park in Northern Italy, and one (Wolf D) was found in Central Italy. Wolf A and D were alive at the time of the finding and exhibited a fatal infection with epileptic seizures and dyspnoea, dying after a few hours. Wolf B presented scratching lesions under the chin and a detachment of the right earlobe, whilst Wolf C was partially eaten. The wolves showed hepatic congestion, diffuse enteritis, moderate pericardial effusion, severe bilateral pneumonia, and diffuse hyperaemia in the brain. The diagnostic examinations included virological analyses and detection of toxic molecules able to cause serious neurological signs. All four wolves tested positive for pseudorabies virus (PrV). The analysed sequences were placed in Italian clade 1, which is divided into two subclades, "a" and "b". The sequences of Wolf A, B, and C were closely related to other Italian sequences in the subclade b, originally obtained from wild boars and hunting dogs. The sequence from Wolf D was located within the same clade and was closely related to the French hunting dog sequences belonging to group 4. CONCLUSION Results showed the presence of PrV strains currently circulating in wild boars and free-ranging Italian wolves. The genetic characterisation of the PrV UL44 sequences from the four wolves confirmed the close relationship with the sequences from wild boars and hunting dogs. This fact supports a possible epidemiological link with the high PrV presence in wild boars and the possibility of infection in wolves through consumption of infected wild boar carcasses or indirect transmission. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first detection of Pseudorabies virus in free-ranging Italian wolves in northern and central Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carmela Musto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy.
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Giulia Maioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marika Menchetti
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Padua, 35030, Italy
| | - Tiziana Trogu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Paniccià
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Delogu
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy
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Wang Z, Cai X, Ren Z, Shao Y, Xu Y, Fu L, Zhu Y. Piceatannol as an Antiviral Inhibitor of PRV Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2376. [PMID: 37508153 PMCID: PMC10375968 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) belongs to the family Herpesviridae. PRV has a wide host range and can cause cytopathic effects (CPEs) in PK-15 cells. Therefore, PRV was used as a model to study the antiviral activity of piceatannol. The results showed that piceatannol could restrain PRV multiplication in PK-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.0307 mg/mL, and the selectivity index (SI, CC50/IC50) was 3.68. Piceatannol could exert an anti-PRV effect by reducing the transcription level of viral genes, inhibiting PRV-induced apoptosis and elevating the levels of IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the serum of mice. Animal experiments showed that piceatannol could delay the onset of disease, reduce the viral load in the brain and kidney and reduce the pathological changes in the tissues and organs of the mice to improve the survival rate of the mice (14.3%). Therefore, the anti-PRV activity of piceatannol in vivo and in vitro was systematically evaluated in this study to provide scientific data for developing a new alternative measure for controlling PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Xiaojing Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Yi Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Yongkang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Lian Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
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Live Triple Gene-Deleted Pseudorabies Virus-Vectored Subunit PCV2b and CSFV Vaccine Undergoes an Abortive Replication Cycle in the TG Neurons following Latency Reactivation. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020473. [PMID: 36851689 PMCID: PMC9963255 DOI: 10.3390/v15020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other alpha herpesviruses, pseudorabies virus (PRV) establishes lifelong latency in trigeminal ganglionic (TG) neurons. Upon stress, the latent viruses in the TG neurons reactivate and are transported anterograde from the neuron cell bodies to the nerve endings in the nasal mucosa, where they replicate and are discharged in the nasal and oral secretions. Consequently, the virus is transmitted to other naïve animals. This cycle of latency and reactivation continues until the animal dies or is slaughtered. We have constructed a PRV triple mutant virus (PRVtmv) and used it as a live subunit vaccine vector against porcine circovirus 2b (PCV2b) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) (PRVtmv+). We compared the latency reactivation properties of PRVtmv+ with its parent wild-type (wt) Becker strain following intranasal infection. The results showed that PRV wt and PRVtmv+ established latency in the TG neurons. Based on nasal virus shedding, immediate early (infected cell protein 0; ICP0) and late genes, MCP (major capsid protein) and gC (glycoprotein C) transcriptions, and viral DNA copy numbers in the TGs of latently infected and dexamethasone (Dex)-treated pigs, both PRV wt and PRVtmv+ reactivated from latency. We noticed that PRV wt virus replicated productively in the terminally differentiated, postmitotic TG neurons, but PRVtmv+ failed to replicate and, therefore, there was no virus production in the TG. In addition, we found that only the PRV wt virus was shed in the nasal secretions following the Dex-induced reactivation. Our results demonstrated that the PRVtmv+ is safe as a live viral subunit vaccine vector without the possibility of productive replication in the TG upon reactivation from latency and without subsequent nasal virus shedding. This property of PRVtmv+ precludes the possibility of vaccine virus circulation in pigs and the risk of reversion to virulence.
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Chen QY, Wu XM, Che YL, Chen RJ, Hou B, Wang CY, Wang LB, Zhou LJ. The Immune Efficacy of Inactivated Pseudorabies Vaccine Prepared from FJ-2012ΔgE/gI Strain. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1880. [PMID: 36296157 PMCID: PMC9612264 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant has been reported on Bartha-K61-vaccinated farms since 2011, causing great economic losses to China's swine-feeding industry. In this study, two vaccines, FJ-2012ΔgE/gI-GEL02 and FJ-2012ΔgE/gI-206VG, were administered to piglets for immune efficacy investigation. Humoral immunity response, clinical signs, survival rate, tissue viral load, and pathology were assessed in piglets. The results showed that both vaccines were effective against the PRV FJ-2012 challenge, the piglets all survived while developing a high level of gB-specific antibody and neutralizing antibody, the virus load in tissue was alleviated, and no clinical PR signs or pathological lesions were displayed. In the unimmunized challenged group, typical clinical signs of pseudorabies were observed, and the piglets all died at 7 days post-challenge. Compared with commercial vaccines, the Bartha-K61 vaccine group could not provide full protection, which might be due to a lower vaccine dose; the inactivated vaccine vPRV* group piglets survived, displaying mild clinical signs. The asterisk denotes inactivation. These results indicate that FJ-2012ΔgE/gI-GEL02 and FJ-2012ΔgE/gI-206VG were effective and could be promising vaccines to control or eradicate the new PRV epidemic in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yong Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Xue-Min Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yong-Liang Che
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Ru-Jing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chen-Yan Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Long-Bai Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Lun-Jiang Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, FuJian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China
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A Triple Gene-Deleted Pseudorabies Virus-Vectored Subunit PCV2b and CSFV Vaccine Protects Pigs against PCV2b Challenge and Induces Serum Neutralizing Antibody Response against CSFV. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020305. [PMID: 35214763 PMCID: PMC8878206 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is endemic worldwide. PCV2 causes immunosuppressive infection. Co-infection of pigs with other swine viruses, such as pseudorabies virus (PRV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), have fatal outcomes, causing the swine industry significant economic losses in many if not all pig-producing countries. Currently available inactivated/modified-live/vectored vaccines against PCV2/CSFV/PRV have safety and efficacy limitations. To address these shortcomings, we have constructed a triple gene (thymidine kinase, glycoprotein E [gE], and gG)-deleted (PRVtmv) vaccine vector expressing chimeric PCV2b-capsid, CSFV-E2, and chimeric Erns-fused with bovine granulocytic monocyte-colony stimulating factor (Erns-GM-CSF), designated as PRVtmv+, a trivalent vaccine. Here we compared this vaccine’s immunogenicity and protective efficacy in pigs against wild-type PCV2b challenge with that of the inactivated Zoetis Fostera Gold PCV commercial vaccine. The live PRVtmv+ prototype trivalent subunit vaccine is safe and highly attenuated in pigs. Based on PCV2b-specific neutralizing antibody titers, viremia, viral load in lymphoid tissues, fecal-virus shedding, and leukocyte/lymphocyte count, the PRVtmv+ yielded better protection for vaccinated pigs than the commercial vaccine after the PCV2b challenge. Additionally, the PRVtmv+ vaccinated pigs generated low to moderate levels of CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies.
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Li L, Wang R, Hu H, Chen X, Yin Z, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Ye G, Zou Y, Yue G, Tang H, Jia R, Song X. The antiviral activity of kaempferol against pseudorabies virus in mice. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:247. [PMID: 34275451 PMCID: PMC8287772 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Alphaherpesviruses, is one of the most important pathogens that harm the global pig industry. Accumulated evidence indicated that PRV could infect humans under certain circumstances, inducing severe clinical symptoms such as acute human encephalitis. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs to treat PRV infections, and vaccines available only for swine could not provide full protection. Thus, new control measures are urgently needed. Results In the present study, kaempferol exhibited anti-PRV activity in mice through improving survival rate by 22.22 %, which was higher than acyclovir (Positive control) with the survival rate of 16.67 % at 6 days post infection (dpi); meanwhile, the survival rate was 0 % at 6 dpi in the infected-untreated group. Kaempferol could inhibit the virus replication in the brain, lung, kidney, heart and spleen, especially the viral gene copies were reduced by over 700-fold in the brain, which was further confirmed by immunohistochemical examination. The pathogenic changes induced by PRV infection in these organs were also alleviated. The transcription of the only immediate-early gene IE180 in the brain was significantly inhibited by kaempferol, leading to the decreased transcriptional levels of the early genes (EPO and TK). The expression of latency-associated transcript (LAT) was also inhibited in the brain, which suggested that kaempferol could inhibit PRV latency. Kaempferol-treatment could induce higher levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the serum at 3 dpi which were then declined to normal levels at 5 dpi. Conclusions These results suggested that kaempferol was expected to be a new alternative control measure for PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaiyue Hu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Ya'an, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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Yao L, Hu Q, Chen S, Zhou T, Yu X, Ma H, H. Ghonaim A, Wu H, Sun Q, Fan S, He Q. Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus with TK/gE Gene Deletion and Flt3L Co-Expression Enhances the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response via Activating Dendritic Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040691. [PMID: 33923590 PMCID: PMC8072707 DOI: 10.3390/v13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to viral evolution and recombination, emerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains have caused unprecedented outbreaks in swine farms even when the pigs were previously vaccinated, which might indicate that traditional vaccines were unable to provide effective protection. The development of safe and efficacious vaccines presents prospects to minimize the clinical signs and eventually eradicate the infection. In this study, we used an emerging PRV strain, HNX, as the parental strain to construct a recombinant PRV with TK/gE gene deletion and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) expression, named HNX-TK−/gE−-Flt3L. HNX-TK−/gE−-Flt3L enhanced the maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Significantly more activated DCs were detected in HNX-TK−/gE−-Flt3L-immunized mice compared with those immunized with HNX-TK−/gE−. Subsequently, a remarkable increase of neutralizing antibodies, gB-specific IgG antibodies, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was observed in mice vaccinated with HNX-TK−/gE−-Flt3L. In addition, a lower mortality and less histopathological damage were observed in HNX-TK−/gE−-Flt3L vaccinated mice with upon PRV lethal challenge infection. Taken together, our results revealed the potential of Flt3L as an ideal adjuvant that can activate DCs and enhance protective immune responses and support the further evaluation of HNX-TK−/gE−-Flt3L as a promising PRV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Tong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Xuexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ahmed. H. Ghonaim
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Desert Research Center, Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shengxian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Q.H.); (S.C.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.M.); (A.H.G.); (H.W.); (Q.S.); (S.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-6974; Fax: +86-27-8728-7288
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THE PRESENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST PSEUDORABIES VIRUS IN WILD BOARS ( SUS SCROFA) IN KOREA. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 51:981-984. [PMID: 33480578 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The control and elimination of pseudorabies (PR) is one of the most important goals in the pig industry. After the first PR outbreak in Korea in 1986, all pigs infected with PR virus (PRV) were removed, and a vaccination program for pigs was implemented. No PR has occurred in Korea since 2010, and vaccination was discontinued after 2013. Information on the seroprevalence of PRV in pigs, including wild boars (Sus scrofa), is important for evaluating the PR status in a country. In this study, 2.65% (28/1057) of the wild boars tested had antibodies against PRV in 2018, indicating that PRV has been circulating continuously in the wild boar population in Korea. Effective means should be implemented to prevent the transmission of PRV between wild and domestic pigs, because the wild boar is a potential reservoir host for PRV.
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Antiviral Effect of Resveratrol in Piglets Infected with Virulent Pseudorabies Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090457. [PMID: 30150559 PMCID: PMC6164078 DOI: 10.3390/v10090457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most important pathogens of swine, resulting in devastating disease and economic losses worldwide. Nevertheless, there are currently no antiviral drugs available for PRV infection. Resveratrol (Res) was identified to exert its antiviral activity by inhibiting the PRV replication in preliminary investigations. In our previous study, we found that Res has anti-PRV activity in vitro. Here, we show that Res can effectively reduce the mortality and increase the growth performance of PRV-infected piglets. After Res treatment, the viral loads significantly (p < 0.001) decreased. Pathological symptoms, particularly inflammation in the brain caused by PRV infection, were significantly (p < 0.001) relieved by the effects of Res. In Res-treated groups, higher levels of cytokines in serum, including interferon gama, interleukin 12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon alpha were observed at 7 days post infection. These results indicated that Res possesses potent inhibitory activity against PRV-infection through inhibiting viral reproduction, alleviating PRV-induced inflammation and enhancing animal immunity, suggesting that Res is expected to be a new alternative control measure for PRV infection.
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Transcriptome-wide survey of pseudorabies virus using next- and third-generation sequencing platforms. Sci Data 2018; 5:180119. [PMID: 29917014 PMCID: PMC6007087 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus of swine. PRV has a large double-stranded DNA genome and, as the latest investigations have revealed, a very complex transcriptome. Here, we present a large RNA-Seq dataset, derived from both short- and long-read sequencing. The dataset contains 1.3 million 100 bp paired-end reads that were obtained from the Illumina random-primed libraries, as well as 10 million 50 bp single-end reads generated by the Illumina polyA-seq. The Pacific Biosciences RSII non-amplified method yielded 57,021 reads of inserts (ROIs) aligned to the viral genome, the amplified method resulted in 158,396 PRV-specific ROIs, while we obtained 12,555 ROIs using the Sequel platform. The Oxford Nanopore's MinION device generated 44,006 reads using their regular cDNA-sequencing method, whereas 29,832 and 120,394 reads were produced by using the direct RNA-sequencing and the Cap-selection protocols, respectively. The raw reads were aligned to the PRV reference genome (KJ717942.1). Our provided dataset can be used to compare different sequencing approaches, library preparation methods, as well as for validation and testing bioinformatic pipelines.
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Dong J, Gu Z, Jin L, Lv L, Wang J, Sun T, Bai J, Sun H, Wang X, Jiang P. Polymorphisms affecting the gE and gI proteins partly contribute to the virulence of a newly-emergent highly virulent Chinese pseudorabies virus. Virology 2018; 519:42-52. [PMID: 29631175 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of a highly virulent pseudorabies virus strain, ZJ01, occurred in PRV-vaccinated pigs in China in 2011. In this study, ZJ01 caused fatal diseases, while the Chinese prototypic PRV strain LA caused mild respiratory disorders. Full-genome sequencing results indicate the two viruses can be classified into two sub-clusters that distinct from traditional European and US strains. To examine the potential role of the gE and gI proteins in ZJ01 virulence, we generated several recombinant viruses. In two chimeric viruses (rZJ01-LA/gEI and rLA-ZJ01/gEI), the gE and gI genes were swapped using corresponding genes from ZJ01 and LA. rZJ01-LA/gEI and the parental virus rZJ01 retained high virulence in piglets, although the survival time for rZJ01-LA/gEI infected piglets was obviously prolonged. In contrast, rLA-ZJ01/gEI exhibited higher virulence than its parental virus rLA. We conclude that changes in gE and gI proteins partly contribute to the enhanced virulence of ZJ01 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenqing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- National Veterinary Biological Medicine Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Csabai Z, Takács IF, Snyder M, Boldogkői Z, Tombácz D. Evaluation of the impact of ul54 gene-deletion on the global transcription and DNA replication of pseudorabies virus. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2679-2694. [PMID: 28577213 PMCID: PMC5927779 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an animal alphaherpesvirus with a wide host range. PRV has 67 protein-coding genes and several non-coding RNA molecules, which can be classified into three temporal groups, immediate early, early and late classes. The ul54 gene of PRV and its homolog icp27 of herpes simplex virus have a multitude of functions, including the regulation of viral DNA synthesis and the control of the gene expression. Therefore, abrogation of PRV ul54 function was expected to exert a significant effect on the global transcriptome and on DNA replication. Real-time PCR and real-time RT-PCR platforms were used to investigate these presumed effects. Our analyses revealed a drastic impact of the ul54 mutation on the genome-wide expression of PRV genes, especially on the transcription of the true late genes. A more than two hour delay was observed in the onset of DNA replication, and the amount of synthesized DNA molecules was significantly decreased in comparison to the wild-type virus. Furthermore, in this work, we were able to successfully demonstrate the utility of long-read SMRT sequencing for genotyping of mutant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Irma F Takács
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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Dong J, Bai J, Sun T, Gu Z, Wang J, Sun H, Jiang P. Comparative pathogenicity and immunogenicity of triple and double gene-deletion pseudorabies virus vaccine candidates. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:17-23. [PMID: 28130999 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR) outbreaks have re-emerged in many pig farms with vaccination coverage in China, which suggests that current vaccine strains provide poor protection against novel, epidemic strains. In this study, based on the highly virulent PRV ZJ01 variant, a PR virus (PRV) thymidine kinase (TK)/gE/gI deleted strain-rZJ01ΔTK/gE/gI-was generated, which showed similar growth features in vitro compared to the parent strain PRV ZJ01 and its gE/gI deleted strain rZJ01ΔgE/gI. The results of a piglet experiment (with 10 piglets each group) showed that the rZJ01ΔTK/gE/gI vaccine generated similar levels of neutralizing antibodies against ZJ01 compared to the rZJ01ΔgE/gI vaccine (p>0.05). However, rZJ01ΔgE/gI inoculation resulted in slight inflammatory cell infiltrations, hemorrhages, and congestion in the brain and lungs. After a ZJ01 challenge, all animals in the rZJ01ΔTK/gE/gI- and rZJ01ΔgE/gI-vaccinated groups survived without exhibiting any clinical symptoms, whereas all non-vaccinated control animals died within 7days post-challenge. Furthermore, microscopic lesions and virus loads in the brains and lungs in the two vaccinated groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Meanwhile, the virus levels in the brains of piglets in the rZJ01ΔTK/gE/gI group were significantly lower than those in the rZJ01ΔgE/gI group. These results indicate that the triple gene-deleted PRV rZJ01ΔTK/gE/gI strain has lower pathogenicity and higher protective efficacy against variant PRV challenge compared with the double gene-deleted PRV rZJ01ΔgE/gI strain. Together, all these data indicate that the PRV rZJ01ΔTK/gE/gI strain should be an ideal vaccine candidate for the prevention of PR in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenqing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- National Veterinary Biological Medicine Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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15
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Masot AJ, Gil M, Risco D, Jiménez OM, Núñez JI, Redondo E. Pseudorabies virus infection (Aujeszky's disease) in an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:6. [PMID: 28056966 PMCID: PMC5217549 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The only natural hosts of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) are members of the family Suidae (Sus scrofa scrofa). In species other than suids infection is normally fatal. In these mammals, including carnivores, PRV typically causes serious neurologic disease. The endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is a wild feline endemic to south-western Europe (Iberian Peninsula). The Iberian lynx was found to be the world’s most endangered felid species in 2002. In wild felines, PRV infection has only been previously reported once in a Florida panther in 1994. No seropositive lynxes have ever been found, nor has PRV been detected in dead Iberian lynxes to date. Case presentation We describe the first reported case of pseudorabies in an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Pseudorabies was diagnosed in a young wild Iberian lynx from Extremadura (SW Spain) by histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Gross lesions included alopecia of the ventral neck, bloody gastro-intestinal contents and congestion of the brain. Histopathological analysis showed a moderate nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with diffuse areas of demyelination, necrotizing gastritis and enteritis of the small intestine. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) antigen was found in neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain, tonsils, and gastric glandular epithelial cells by immunohistochemical analysis. The presence of the virus in the brain was confirmed by nested PCR. The sequence analysis of the 146 bp fragment (from the viral glycoprotein B gene) showed that the amplified sequence matched (with 100% identity) the PRV genome. Furthermore, specific DNA from glycoprotein D and E encoding-genes was detected by conventional and real-time PCR, respectively, confirming the latter that this infection was produced by a wild-type PRV strain. Conclusions This study supports the suspicion that PRV could infect the Iberian lynx. The detection of PRV in a dead Iberian lynx suggests that the virus may have a negative impact on the survival of endangered lynxes in the wild. However, because this is the first verified instance of lynx mortality resulting from pseudorabies, its true impact on the population is unknown. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0938-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Javier Masot
- Unidad de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Universidad s.n., Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - María Gil
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Risco
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados S.L., Cáceres, Spain
| | - Olga M Jiménez
- Dirección General de Medio Ambiente, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Rural, Junta de Extremadura, Spain
| | - José I Núñez
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Eloy Redondo
- Unidad de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Universidad s.n., Cáceres, 10003, Spain
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16
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Diseases of the Nervous System. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7322266 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Vaccines against pseudorabies virus (PrV). Vet Microbiol 2016; 206:3-9. [PMID: 27890448 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aujeszkýs disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a notifiable herpesvirus infection of pigs causing substantial economic losses to swine producers. AD in pigs is controlled by the use of vaccination with inactivated and attenuated live vaccines. Starting with classically attenuated live vaccines derived from low virulent field isolates, AD vaccination has pioneered novel strategies in animal disease control by the first use of genetically engineered live virus vaccines lacking virulence-determining genes, and the concept of DIVA, i.e. the serological differentiation of vaccinated from field-virus infected animals by the use of marker vaccines and respective companion diagnostic tests. The basis for this concept has been the molecular characterization of PrV and the identification of so-called nonessential envelope glycoproteins, e.g. glycoprotein E, which could be eliminated from the virus without harming viral replication or immunogenicity. Eradication of AD using the strategy of vaccination-DIVA testing has successfully been performed in several countries including Germany and the United States. Furthermore, by targeted genetic modification PrV has been developed into a powerful vector system for expression of foreign genes to vaccinate against several infectious diseases of swine, while heterologous vector systems have been used for expression of major immunogens of PrV. This small concise review summarizes the state-of-the-art information on PrV vaccines and provides an outlook for the future.
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Choi SS, Hyun BH, Song JY. An oral Aujeszky's disease vaccine (YS-400) induces neutralizing antibody in pigs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2016; 5:132-7. [PMID: 27489803 PMCID: PMC4969277 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aujeszky's disease (AD) is an economically important disease affecting both wild and domestic pigs of the species Sus scrofa. A previous study yielded serological evidence of AD in Korean wild boars, which could spread AD to other animals. A new Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) bait vaccine is required to prevent AD outbreaks in swine. In the present study, we investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a gE-deleted marker vaccine, strain YS-400, in young domestic pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The YS-400 strain was propagated in Vero cells, and the trial ADV bait vaccine (a vaccine blister in a matrix including an attractant) was prepared. Pigs were orally immunized with the vaccine (2 mL, 10(7.5) TCID50/mL) delivered using a syringe or in the bait vaccine. The animals were observed for 9 weeks after vaccination, and immunogenicity was assessed using a virus neutralization (VN) test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The YS-400 strain was non-pathogenic to pigs when given orally and induced high VN titers (1:32-1:128) 6 weeks post-administration. Of the pigs given the ADV bait vaccine twice or three times, 40% were seropositive by 2 weeks, and 100% were seropositive by 7 weeks after the first dose. Pigs that consumed the AD bait vaccine three times developed VN titers that were slightly higher than those of pigs given the vaccine twice. CONCLUSION Domestic pigs given the trial ADV bait vaccine exhibited no adverse effects and developed high VN titers against ADV, indicating that the YS-400 strain is safe and can prevent ADV infection in domestic pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Choi
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
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Zakaryan H, Revilla Y. African swine fever virus: current state and future perspectives in vaccine and antiviral research. Vet Microbiol 2016; 185:15-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Liang X, Sun L, Yu T, Pan Y, Wang D, Hu X, Fu Z, He Q, Cao G. A CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox system-based express vaccine development strategy against re-emerging Pseudorabies virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19176. [PMID: 26777545 PMCID: PMC4726036 DOI: 10.1038/srep19176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus evolves rapidly to escape vaccine-induced immunity, posing a desperate demand for efficient vaccine development biotechnologies. Here we present an express vaccine development strategy based on CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox system against re-emerging Pseudorabies virus, which caused the recent devastating swine pseudorabies outbreak in China. By CRISPR/Cas9 system, the virulent genes of the newly isolated strain were simultaneously substituted by marker genes, which were subsequently excised using Cre/Lox system for vaccine safety concern. Notably, single cell FACS technology was applied to further promote virus purification efficiency. The combination of these state-of-art technologies greatly accelerated vaccine development. Finally, vaccination and challenge experiments proved this vaccine candidate's protective efficacy in pigs and the promise to control current pseudorabies outbreak. This is, to our knowledge, the first successful vaccine development based on gene edit technologies, demonstrating these technologies leap from laboratory to industry. It may pave the way for future express antiviral vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Leqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Teng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongfei Pan
- Guangdong Wen’s Group Academy, Guangdong Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co.,Ltd., Yunfu, 527300, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Guangdong Wen’s Group Academy, Guangdong Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co.,Ltd., Yunfu, 527300, China
| | - Xueying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenfang Fu
- Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Prioritization of zoonotic viral diseases in feral pigs, domestic pigs and humans interface. BIOMEDICA 2015; 36:56-68. [PMID: 27622793 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i0.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the ecology of diseases requires the comprehension of pathogens in wild life-livestock interface. Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are a health problem when countries work to prevent and control zoonotic diseases, as their populations raise environmental and health concerns due to infectious agents transmissible to domestic pigs and other animal species, including humans. OBJECTIVE To prioritize zoonotic diseases in the feral pigs, domestic animals and humans interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS The semi-quantitative prioritization method based on evidence included 27 criteria founded in recent publications. According to viral etiology we classified them in five categories: epidemiology (eight), prevention/control (three), economy/trade (four), public health (nine) and society (three). Each criterion had a coefficient of 0 to 7 according to their impact based on evidence (maximum sum of 189). Evidence on the criteria for the nine viral diseases analyzed came from the review of 81 sources published between 1977 and 2015. RESULTS The top three diseases with the highest score and zoonotic potential were swine influenza (133), hepatitis E (123), and hantavirus infection (103), whose highest scores were observed on epidemiology and public health criteria. CONCLUSION The semi-quantitative methods of prioritization impartially contribute to decision-making based on evidence; however, they are seldom used in developing countries due to the lack of data from public health surveillance. Control of shared diseases requires the development of strategies to reduce transmission of pathogens between wildlife and domestic animals and humans.
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22
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Wang Y, Xia SL, Lei JL, Cong X, Xiang GT, Luo Y, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Dose-dependent pathogenicity of a pseudorabies virus variant in pigs inoculated via intranasal route. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Gu Z, Dong J, Wang J, Hou C, Sun H, Yang W, Bai J, Jiang P. A novel inactivated gE/gI deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine completely protects pigs from an emerged variant PRV challenge. Virus Res 2014; 195:57-63. [PMID: 25240533 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly virulent and antigenic variant of pseudorabies virus (PRV) broke out in China at the end of 2011 and caused great economic loss in the pig industry. In this study, an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing the full-length genome of the emerged variant PRV ZJ01 strain was generated. The BAC-derived viruses, vZJ01-GFPΔgE/gI (gE/gI deleted strain, and exhibiting green autofluorescence), vZJ01ΔgE/gI (gE/gI deleted strain), and vZJ01gE/gI-R (gE/gI revertant strain), showed similar in vitro growth to their parent strain. In pigs, inactivated vZJ01ΔgE/gI vaccine generated significantly high levels of neutralizing antibodies against ZJ01 compared with Bartha-K61 live vaccine (p<0.05). After fatal ZJ01 challenge, all five animals in the inactivated vZJ01ΔgE/gI vaccine group survived without exhibiting any clinical sings, but two of five animals exhibited central nervous signs in the Bartha-K61 group. Meanwhile, all the non-vaccinated control animals died at 7 days post-challenge. This indicates that the inactivated vZJ01ΔgE/gI vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate for controlling the variant strains of PRV now circulating in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- National Veterinary Biological Medicine Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chengcai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Strain Kaplan of Pseudorabies Virus Genome Sequenced by PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Technology. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/4/e00628-14. [PMID: 25035325 PMCID: PMC4102862 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00628-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a neurotropic herpesvirus that causes Aujeszky's disease in pigs. PRV strains are widely used as transsynaptic tracers for mapping neural circuits. We present here the complete and fully annotated genome sequence of strain Kaplan of PRV, determined by Pacific Biosciences RSII long-read sequencing technology.
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Isolation and characterization of pseudorabies virus from a wolf (Canis lupus) from Belgium. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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