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Soto Perezchica MM, Guerrero Barrera AL, Avelar Gonzalez FJ, Quezada Tristan T, Macias Marin O. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, surface proteins and virulence: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1276712. [PMID: 38098987 PMCID: PMC10720984 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1276712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is a globally distributed Gram-negative bacterium that produces porcine pleuropneumonia. This highly contagious disease produces high morbidity and mortality in the swine industry. However, no effective vaccine exists to prevent it. The infection caused by App provokes characteristic lesions, such as edema, inflammation, hemorrhage, and necrosis, that involve different virulence factors. The colonization and invasion of host surfaces involved structures and proteins such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), pili, flagella, adhesins, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), also participates proteases, autotransporters, and lipoproteins. The recent findings on surface structures and proteins described in this review highlight them as potential immunogens for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M. Soto Perezchica
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Guerrero Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Teodulo Quezada Tristan
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinaria, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Macias Marin
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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2
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Zhu J, Zhu R, Jiang H, Li Z, Jiang X, Li F, Zhang F, Feng X, Gu J, Li N, Lei L. Adh Promotes Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Survival in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages by Inhibiting CHAC2-Mediated Respiratory Burst and Inflammatory Cytokine Expression. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050696. [PMID: 36899832 PMCID: PMC10001268 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) causes porcine pleuropneumonia that seriously endangers pig's health. Adh, located in the head region of trimeric autotransporter adhesion of A. pleuropneumoniae, affects bacterial adhesion and pathogenicity. However, how Adh mediates A. pleuropneumoniae immune invasion is still unclear. Here, we established the A. pleuropneumoniae strain L20 or L20 ΔAdh-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) model, and applied protein overexpression, RNA interference, qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunoflourescence techniques to dissect the effects of Adh on PAM during A. pleuropneumoniae infection. We found that Adh could increase the A. pleuropneumoniae adhesion and intracellular survival in PAM. Gene chip analysis of piglet lungs further showed that Adh significantly induced cation transport regulatory-like protein 2 (CHAC2) expression, whose overexpression suppressed the phagocytic capacity of PAM. Furthermore, CHAC2 overexpression dramatically increased glutathione (GSH) expression, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and promoted A. pleuropneumoniae survival in PAM, while the knockdown of CHAC2 reversed these phenomena. Meanwhile, CHAC2 silence activated the NOD1/NF-κB pathway, resulting in an increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression, whereas this effect was weakened by CHAC2 overexpression and addition of NOD1/NF-κB inhibitor ML130. Moreover, Adh enhanced the secretion of LPS of A. pleuropneumoniae, which regulated the expression of CHAC2 via TLR4. In conclusion, through a LPS-TLR4-CHAC2 pathway, Adh inhibits respiratory burst and inflammatory cytokines expression to promote A. pleuropneumoniae survival in PAM. This finding may provide a novel target for the prevention and treatment of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Rining Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ziheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.L.)
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3
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Antibacterial and Sporicidal Activity Evaluation of Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042153. [PMID: 35216265 PMCID: PMC8877948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), a polyphenol derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, is known to have many health benefits. In this study, the antibacterial effect of TFDG against nine bacteria and the sporicidal activities on spore-forming Bacillus spp. have been investigated. Microplate assay, colony-forming unit, BacTiter-GloTM, and Live/Dead Assays showed that 250 µg/mL TFDG was able to inhibit bacterial growth up to 99.97%, while 625 µg/mL TFDG was able to inhibit up to 99.92% of the spores from germinating after a one-hour treatment. Binding analysis revealed the favorable binding affinity of two germination-associated proteins, GPR and Lgt (GerF), to TFDG, ranging from -7.6 to -10.3 kcal/mol. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that TFDG treatment lowered the expression of gpr, ranging from 0.20 to 0.39 compared to the control in both Bacillus spp. The results suggest that TFDG not only inhibits the growth of vegetative cells but also prevents the germination of bacterial spores. This report indicates that TFDG is a promising broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-spore agent against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, acid-fast bacteria, and endospores. The potential anti-germination mechanism has also been elucidated.
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Nahar N, Turni C, Tram G, Blackall PJ, Atack JM. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: The molecular determinants of virulence and pathogenesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:179-216. [PMID: 34147185 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is responsible for high economic losses in swine herds across the globe. Pleuropneumonia is characterized by severe respiratory distress and high mortality. The knowledge about the interaction between bacterium and host within the porcine respiratory tract has improved significantly in recent years. A. pleuropneumoniae expresses multiple virulence factors, which are required for colonization, immune clearance, and tissue damage. Although vaccines are used to protect swine herds against A. pleuropneumoniae infection, they do not offer complete coverage, and often only protect against the serovar, or serovars, used to prepare the vaccine. This review will summarize the role of individual A. pleuropneumoniae virulence factors that are required during key stages of pathogenesis and disease progression, and highlight progress made toward developing effective and broadly protective vaccines against an organism of great importance to global agriculture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Nahar
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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5
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Dao HT, Truong QL, Do VT, Hahn TW. Construction and immunization with double mutant Δ apxIBD Δ pnp forms of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e20. [PMID: 32233129 PMCID: PMC7113565 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes a form of porcine pleuropneumonia that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The apxIBD gene is responsible for the secretion of the ApxI and ApxII toxins and the pnp gene is responsible for the adaptation of bacteria to cold temperature and a virulence factor. The apxIBD and pnp genes were deleted successfully from APP serotype 1 and 5 by transconjugation and sucrose counter-selection. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants lost hemolytic activity and could not secrete ApxI and ApxII toxins outside the bacteria because both mutants lost the ApxI- and ApxII-secreting proteins by deletion of the apxIBD gene. Besides, the growth of these mutants was defective at low temperatures resulting from the deletion of pnp. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated compared with wild-type ones. However, mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp did not provide any protection when challenged with a 10-times 50% lethal dose of virulent homologous (APP5) and heterologous (APP1) bacterial strains, while mice vaccinated with APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp offered 75% protection against a homologous challenge. The ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated and gave different protection rate against homologous virulent wild-type APP challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thu Dao
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Quang Lam Truong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van Tan Do
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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6
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Xiao J, Liu J, Bao C, Zhu R, Gu J, Sun C, Feng X, Du C, Han W, Li Y, Lei L. Recombinant tandem epitope vaccination provides cross protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge in mice. AMB Express 2020; 10:123. [PMID: 32642871 PMCID: PMC7341470 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae/APP) is the pathogen that causes porcine contagious pleuropneumonia. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is divided into 18 serovars, and the cross protection efficacy of epitopes is debatable, which has resulted in the slow development of a vaccine. Consequently, epitope-based vaccines conferring Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cross protection have rarely been reported. In this study, B cell epitopes in the head domain of trimeric autotransporter adhesin were predicted, and 6 epitopes were selected. Then, the predicted epitopes (Ba1, Bb5, C1, PH1 and PH2) were connected by linkers to construct a recombinant tandem antigen (rta) gene. The RTA protein encoded by the recombinant rta gene was expressed, and finally the ICR mice were immunized with the RTA protein with or without inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (serovars 1 and 5b) and challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to evaluate the protective effect of the epitope-based vaccine and combined vaccine. The mice in the RTA-immunized group and RTA plus inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccine group had a significant improvement in clinical symptoms and a higher level of antibody in the serum than those in the control group. The RTA immune group had a 40% survival rate after Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection, whereas the combination of RTA and inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae produced very strong cross immune protection in mice, at least 50% (RTA IB1 + C5) and at most 100% (RTA IB5 + C1), whereas no cross immunoprotection was found in the solo Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae immune group. Overall, the combination of the RTA protein and inactivated bacteria significantly enhanced the cross protection effects. This implies that RTA protein in combination with a suitable inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain could be a candidate vaccine for porcine contagious pleuropneumonia.
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Zhu R, Bao C, Liu B, Xiao J, Sun C, Feng X, Langford PR, Li Y, Lei L. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of peripheral blood serum in piglets infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. AMB Express 2020; 10:121. [PMID: 32632500 PMCID: PMC7338327 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a swine respiratory disease with an important impact around the world either as a single infection or part of the porcine respiratory disease complex. The data of interaction between hosts and pathogens has becoming more crucial for exploration of the mechanism. However, up to now, comparatively little information is available on the systemic and dynamic changes that occur in pig serum in response to APP infection. This study used iTRAQ to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in pig serum in response to APP infection. Compared with the APP un-infected group (S0),there were 137 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated proteins at 24 h (S24), and 81 up-regulated and 107 down-regulated proteins at 120 h (S120). At 24 h, the immune response was not significantly enriched, but cell adhesion, cytosol, Golgi apparatus, GTP and ATP binding and regulation of cell cycle were extremely active, implying host preparation of immune response starting. Subsequently, innate immune response, negative regulation of apoptotic process, immunological synapse, adaptive immune response, the regulation of inflammatory response, positive regulation of T cell proliferation were more enhanced at 120 h then that of 24 h, representing innate immunity transferring to the adaptive, while endocytosis, cell adhesion and platelet aggregation showed obvious decline. The pathways of T cell receptor signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, leukocyte transendothelial migration were active remarkably during all infection period, and more pathways could connect to form innate immune defense networks. Surprisingly, the pathways like amoebiasis, rheumatoid arthritis and malaria had been found up-regulated. As a conclusion, APP could delay host inflammatory response to the infection at early stage, and induced innate immunity to convert from adhesion, interaction into complement activation, proteasome digestion, bacterial invasion at later stage. This would increase our understanding of the porcine distinct response to APP infection.
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8
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Wang L, Zhao X, Xia X, Zhu C, Qin W, Xu Y, Hang B, Sun Y, Chen S, Zhang H, Jiang J, Hu J, Fotina H, Zhang G. Antimicrobial Peptide JH-3 Effectively Kills Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain CVCC541 and Reduces Its Pathogenicity in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:1379-1390. [PMID: 31001786 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen and is a major cause of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. The current serious problem of antibiotic abuse has prompted the search for new substitutes for antibiotics. JH-3 is a small antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. In this study, we showed that JH-3 has good bactericidal activity towards the clinical isolate Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain CVCC541. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of JH-3 against this bacterium was determined to be 100 μg/mL, which could decrease the number of CVCC541 cells by 1000-fold in vitro within 5 h. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that JH-3 can damage the cell wall and membrane of CVCC541, leading to the leakage of cell contents and subsequent cell death. To measure the bactericidal activity of CVCC541-infected mice were treated intraperitoneally 40 or 10 mg/kg JH-3 at 2 h or 3 days postinfection. Our results showed that treatment with 40 mg/kg JH-3 at 2 h postinfection had the best therapeutic effect and could significantly protect mice from a lethal dose of CVCC541. Furthermore, the clinical symptoms, bacterial burden in blood and organs, and intestinal pathological changes were all decreased and were close to normal. This study examined the therapeutic effect of the antimicrobial peptide JH-3 against S. enterica CVCC541 infection for the first time and determined the therapeutic effect of different JH-3 doses and treatment times, laying the foundation for studies of new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhai Qin
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Hang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanna Fotina
- Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
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Li T, Zhang Q, Wang R, Zhang S, Pei J, Li Y, Li L, Zhou R. The roles of flp1 and tadD in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae pilus biosynthesis and pathogenicity. Microb Pathog 2019; 126:310-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Liu J, Cao Y, Gao L, Zhang L, Gong S, Yang J, Zhao H, Yang D, Zhao J, Meng J, Gao Q, Qi C. Outer Membrane Lipoprotein Lip40 Modulates Adherence, Colonization, and Virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1472. [PMID: 30018613 PMCID: PMC6038445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins are a set of membrane proteins with various functions; many of which are virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the role of an outer membrane lipoprotein Lip40 in the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. A mutant strain (Δlip40) lacking Lip40 and a complemented strain (CΔlip40) were constructed. Δlip40 exhibited reduced adherence to the St. Jude porcine lung cells. The ability of the Δlip40 mutant to colonize the mouse lung tissues was significantly impaired compared to that of the wild type and complementation strains. Furthermore, an infection assay revealed that pigs infected with Δlip40 showed fewer clinical signs and lung lesions, indicating that Lip40 contributed to the development of porcine pleuropneumonia. Collectively, our data suggest that Lip40 is involved in the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurou Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dengfu Yang
- Lichuan Municipal Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Lichuan, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianzhong Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qishuang Gao
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Screening of cell surface properties of potential probiotic lactobacilli isolated from human milk. J DAIRY RES 2018; 85:347-354. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029918000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of eleven candidate probioticLactobacillusstrains isolated from human milk showed that some of the strains were well endowed with desirable cell surface and attachment attributes. The cell surface properties (hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, attachment to collagen and HT-29 monolayer) of probioticLactobacillusspecies of human milk origin were compared with reference probiotic/ non-probiotic species and pathogenic strains. The bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH) was determined using three aliphatic (Chloroform, n-Hexane and n-Octane) and two aromatic (Toluene and Xylene) solvents. Maximum affinity ofLactobacillusstrains towards chloroform and toluene indicated the presence of low electron acceptor/ acidic surface components on cell surface of most of the strains. The highest value of per cent hydrophobicity was recorded with chloroform in HM1 (L. casei) (97·10 ± 3·35%) and LGG (98·92 ± 1·24%). A moderate auto-aggregation attribute was observed in all of ourLactobacillusisolates. Only HM10, HM12 and HM13 exhibited comparatively enhanced precipitation rate after 7 h of incubation period. The adhesion potential to collagen matrix was highest in LGG (26·94 ± 5·83%), followed by HM1 (11·07 ± 3·54%) and HM9 (10·85 ± 1·74%) whereas, on HT-29 cells, HM8 (14·99 ± 3·61%), HM3 (13·73 ± 1·14%) and HM1 (11·21 ± 3·18%) could adhere effectively. In this manner, we noticed that although the cell surface properties and adhesion prospective of probiotic bacteria were strain dependent, five of our isolatesviz. HM1, HM3, HM8, HM9 and HM10 exhibited promising cell surface properties, which could be further targeted as indigenous probiotic.
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12
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Li H, Liu F, Peng W, Yan K, Zhao H, Liu T, Cheng H, Chang P, Yuan F, Chen H, Bei W. The CpxA/CpxR Two-Component System Affects Biofilm Formation and Virulence in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:72. [PMID: 29662838 PMCID: PMC5890194 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have evolved numerous two-component systems (TCSs) to cope with external environmental changes. The CpxA/CpxR TCS consisting of the kinase CpxA and the regulator CpxR, is known to be involved in the biofilm formation and virulence of Escherichia coli. However, the role of CpxA/CpxR remained unclear in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a bacterial pathogen that can cause porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP). In this report, we show that CpxA/CpxR contributes to the biofilm formation ability of A. pleuropneumoniae. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CpxA/CpxR plays an important role in the expression of several biofilm-related genes in A. pleuropneumoniae, such as rpoE and pgaC. Furthermore, The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrate that CpxR-P can regulate the expression of the pgaABCD operon through rpoE. In an experimental infection of mice, the animals infected with a cpxA/cpxR mutant exhibited delayed mortality and lower bacterial loads in the lung than those infected with the wildtype bacteria. In conclusion, these results indicate that the CpxA/CpxR TCS plays a contributing role in the biofilm formation and virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peixi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Zheng C, Zhao X, Zeng T, Cao M, Xu J, Shi G, Li J, Chen H, Bei W. Identification of four type II toxin-antitoxin systems in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018. [PMID: 28637172 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements that are widely prevalent in the genomes of bacteria and archaea. These modules have been identified in various bacteria and proposed to play an important role in bacterial physiology and virulence. However, their presence in the genomes of Actinobacillus species has received no attention. In this study, we describe the identification of four type II TA systems in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that the genes encoding the toxin and antitoxin are co-transcribed. Overexpression of each toxin inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, and the toxic effect could be counteracted by its cognate antitoxin. The pull-down experiments demonstrated that each toxin interacts with its cognate antitoxin in vivo. The promoter activity assays showed that each antitoxin could autoregulate either positively or negatively the TA operon transcription. In addition, the APJL_0660/0659 TA system is present in half of the detected serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae, while the others are present in all. Collectively, we identified four type II TA systems in A. pleuropneumoniae, and this study has laid the foundation for further functional study of these TA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xigong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Manman Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guolin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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14
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms: Role in pathogenicity and potential impact for vaccination development. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 19:17-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s146625231700010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae. It is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses in the global pork industry. The disease may present itself as a chronic or an acute infection characterized by severe pathology, including hemorrhage, fibrinous and necrotic lung lesions, and, in the worst cases, rapid death. A. pleuropneumoniae is transmitted via aerosol route, direct contact with infected pigs, and by the farm environment. Many virulence factors associated with this bacterium are well characterized. However, much less is known about the role of biofilm, a sessile mode of growth that may have a critical impact on A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity. Here we review the current knowledge on A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm, factors associated with biofilm formation and dispersion, and the impact of biofilm on the pathogenesis A. pleuropneumoniae. We also provide an overview of current vaccination strategies against A. pleuropneumoniae and consider the possible role of biofilms vaccines for controlling the disease.
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15
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Wang L, Zhao X, Zhu C, Xia X, Qin W, Li M, Wang T, Chen S, Xu Y, Hang B, Sun Y, Jiang J, Richard LP, Lei L, Zhang G, Hu J. Thymol kills bacteria, reduces biofilm formation, and protects mice against a fatal infection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain L20. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:202-210. [PMID: 28619145 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of the highly contagious and deadly respiratory infection porcine pleuropneumonia, resulting in serious losses to the pig industry worldwide. Alternative to antibiotics are urgently needed due to the serious increase in antimicrobial resistance. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol and efficiently kills a variety of bacteria. This study found that thymol has strong bactericidal effects on the A. pleuropneumoniae 5b serotype strain, an epidemic strain in China. Sterilization occurred rapidly, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 31.25μg/mL; the A. pleuropneumoniae density was reduced 1000 times within 10min following treatment with 1 MIC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that thymol could rapidly disrupt the cell walls and cell membranes of A. pleuropneumoniae, causing leakage of cell contents and cell death. In addition, treatment with thymol at 0.5 MIC significantly reduced the biofilm formation of A. pleuropneumoniae. Quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that thymol treatment significantly increased the expression of the virulence genes purC, tbpB1 and clpP and down-regulated ApxI, ApxII and Apa1 expression in A. pleuropneumoniae. Therapeutic analysis of a murine model showed that thymol (20mg/kg) protected mice from a lethal dose of A. pleuropneumoniae, attenuated lung pathological lesions. This study is the first to report the use of thymol to treat A. pleuropneumoniae infection, establishing a foundation for the development of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R.China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chunling Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wanhai Qin
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tongzhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Bolin Hang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | | | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R.China.
| | - Jianhe Hu
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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16
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Hoeflinger JL, Miller MJ. Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 Autoaggregation Requires FliC Flagellation, Not Motility. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:301. [PMID: 28293226 PMCID: PMC5328975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic nosocomial and foodborne pathogen that causes severe infections with high morbidity and mortality rates in neonates, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Little is known about the pathogenesis mechanism of this pathogen and if there are any consequences of C. sakazakii colonization in healthy individuals. In this study, we characterized the mechanisms of autoaggregation in C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 (CS29544). Autoaggregation in CS29544 occurred rapidly, within 30 min, and proceeded to a maximum of 70%. Frameshift mutations in two flagellum proteins (FlhA and FliG) were identified in two nonautoaggregating CS29544 clonal variant isolates. Strategic gene knockouts were generated to determine if structurally intact and functional flagella were required for autoaggregation in CS29544. All structural knockouts (ΔflhA, ΔfliG, and ΔfliC) abolished autoaggregation, whereas the functional knockout (ΔmotAB) did not prevent autoaggregation. Complementation with FliC (ΔfliC/cfliC) restored autoaggregation. Autoaggregation was also disrupted by the addition of exogenous wild-type CS29544 filaments in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, filament supercoils tethering neighboring wild-type CS29544 cells together were observed by transmission electron microscopy. In silico analyses suggest that direct interactions of neighboring CS29544 FliC filaments proceed by hydrophobic bonding between the externally exposed hypervariable regions of the CS29544 FliC flagellin protein. Further research is needed to confirm if flagella-mediated autoaggregation plays a prominent role in C. sakazakii pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hoeflinger
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
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17
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Qin W, Wang L, Zhai R, Ma Q, Liu J, Bao C, Sun D, Zhang H, Sun C, Feng X, Gu J, Du C, Han W, Langford PR, Lei L. Apa2H1, the first head domain of Apa2 trimeric autotransporter adhesin, activates mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and immunization with Apa2H1 protects against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection. Mol Immunol 2016; 81:108-117. [PMID: 27940254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative pathogen of porcine pleuropneumonia, which results in large economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. There are, however, no effective subunit vaccines are available in the market owing to the various serotypes and the absence of cross-protection against this pathogen. Therefore, the selection of protective components is of great significance for vaccine development. We previously showed that trimeric autotransporter adhesins are important virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae. To determine the potential role in vaccine development of the functional head domain (Apa2H1) of Apa2, a trimeric autotransporter adhesin found in A. pleuropneumoniae, we obtained nature-like trimeric Apa2H1 using a prokaryotic expression system and co-culture of Apa2H1 with bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro resulted in maturation of BMDCs, characterised by the up-regulation of CD83, MHC-II, CCR7, ICAM-I and the increased expression of factors related to B lymphoid cells stimulation, such as proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and B cell activating factor (BAFF). The in vivo results showed that vaccination with Apa2H1 resulted in the robust production of antigen-specific antibodies, modestly induced mixed Th1 and Th2 immunity, impaired bacterial colonization and dissemination, and improved mouse survival rates. This study is the first to show that Apa2H1 is antigenic and can be used as a component of a subunit vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae infection, providing valuable reference material for the development of an effective vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Ruidong Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Diangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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18
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Wang L, Qin W, Zhang J, Bao C, Zhang H, Che Y, Sun C, Gu J, Feng X, Du C, Han W, Richard PL, Lei L. Adh enhances Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity by binding to OR5M11 and activating p38 which induces apoptosis of PAMs and IL-8 release. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24058. [PMID: 27046446 PMCID: PMC4820727 DOI: 10.1038/srep24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesin (TAA) family play a crucial role in the adhesion of Gram-negative pathogens to host cells, but the immunopathogenesis of TAAs remains unknown. Our previous studies demonstrated that Adh from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) is required for full bacterial pathogenicity. Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defense against respiratory infections. This study compared the interactions between porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and wild-type A. pleuropneumoniae (5b WT) or an Adh-deletion strain (5b ΔAdh) via gene microarray, immunoprecipitation and other technologies. We found that Adh was shown to interact with the PAMs membrane protein OR5M11, an olfactory receptor, resulting in the high-level secretion of IL-8 by activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Subsequently, PAMs apoptosis via the activation of the Fax and Bax signaling pathways was observed, followed by activation of caspases 8, 9, and 3. The immunological pathogenic roles of Adh were also confirmed in both murine and piglets infectious models in vivo. These results identify a novel immunological strategy for TAAs to boost the pathogenicity of A. pleuropneumoniae. Together, these datas reveal the high versatility of the Adh protein as a virulence factor and provide novel insight into the immunological pathogenic role of TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Wanhai Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yanyi Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | | | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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19
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Qin W, Wang L, Zhai R, Ma Q, Liu J, Bao C, Zhang H, Sun C, Feng X, Gu J, Du C, Han W, Langford PR, Lei L. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins contribute to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity in mice and regulate bacterial gene expression during interactions between bacteria and porcine primary alveolar macrophages. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 109:51-70. [PMID: 26494209 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important pathogen that causes respiratory disease in pigs. Trimeric autotransporter adhesin (TAA) is a recently discovered bacterial virulence factor that mediates bacterial adhesion and colonization. Two TAA coding genes have been found in the genome of A. pleuropneumoniae strain 5b L20, but whether they contribute to bacterial pathogenicity is unclear. In this study, we used homologous recombination to construct a double-gene deletion mutant, ΔTAA, in which both TAA coding genes were deleted and used it in in vivo and in vitro studies to confirm that TAAs participate in bacterial auto-aggregation, biofilm formation, cell adhesion and virulence in mice. A microarray analysis was used to determine whether TAAs can regulate other A. pleuropneumoniae genes during interactions with porcine primary alveolar macrophages. The results showed that deletion of both TAA coding genes up-regulated 36 genes, including ene1514, hofB and tbpB2, and simultaneously down-regulated 36 genes, including lgt, murF and ftsY. These data illustrate that TAAs help to maintain full bacterial virulence both directly, through their bioactivity, and indirectly by regulating the bacterial type II and IV secretion systems and regulating the synthesis or secretion of virulence factors. This study not only enhances our understanding of the role of TAAs but also has significance for those studying A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruidong Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Qin W, Wang L, Lei L. New findings on the function and potential applications of the trimeric autotransporter adhesin. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:1-14. [PMID: 26014492 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are located on the surface of many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. TAAs belong to the autotransporter protein family and consist of three identical monomers. These obligate homotrimeric proteins are secreted through the bacterial type Vc secretion system and share a common molecular organization that each monomer consists of a N-terminal "passenger" domain and a C-terminal translocation domain. TAAs are important virulence factors that are involved in bacterial life cycle and participate in mediating infection, invasion, dissemination and evasion of host immune responses. TAAs have also proved to be useful for many applications, such as vaccines and disease biomarkers. We here mainly focused on new findings on bio-function and application of TAAs in addition to their common structure and secretion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China,
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