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Končurat A, Sukalić T. Listeriosis: Characteristics, Occurrence in Domestic Animals, Public Health Significance, Surveillance and Control. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2055. [PMID: 39458364 PMCID: PMC11510258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a dangerous zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Listeria, with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) being the most pathogenic species. Listeria monocytogenes has been detected in various animal species and in humans, and its ability to evolve from an environmental saprophyte to a powerful intracellular pathogen is driven by the invasion mechanisms and virulence factors that enable cell invasion, replication and cell-to-cell spread. Key regulatory systems, including positive regulatory factor A (PrfA) and the stress-responsive sigma factor σB, control the expression of virulence genes and facilitate invasion of host cells. Listeriosis poses a significant threat to cattle, sheep and goat herds, leading to abortions, septicemia and meningoencephalitis, and ruminants are important reservoirs for Listeria, facilitating transmission to humans. Other Listeria species such as Listeria ivanovii and Listeria innocua can also cause disease in ruminants. Resilience of LM in food processing environments makes it an important foodborne pathogen that is frequently transmitted through contaminated meat and dairy products, with contamination often occurring along the food production chain. In humans, listeriosis primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women and the elderly and leads to severe conditions, such as meningitis, septicemia and spontaneous abortion. Possible treatment requires antibiotics that penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Despite the relatively low antimicrobial resistance, multidrug-resistant LM strains have been detected in animals, food and the environment. Controlling and monitoring the disease at the herd level, along with adopting a One Health approach, are crucial to protect human and animal health and to minimize the potential negative impacts on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomislav Sukalić
- Animal Disease Diagnostics Laboratory, Regional Department Križevci, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 48260 Križevci, Croatia;
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis-Non-Moraxella Organisms in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2021; 37:295-308. [PMID: 34049660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a multifactorial disease complex caused by opportunistic pathogens, classically those members of the genus Moraxella. However, IBK in some situations is associated with other potentially pathogenic agents, which include Mycoplasma bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovis, Ureaplasma diversum, bovine herpesviruses, and Chlamydia sp. Ocular infections that may resemble IBK are also caused by Listeria monocytogenes. These agents and their association with IBK are reviewed in this article.
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Blanchard AM, Billenness R, Warren J, Glanvill A, Roden W, Drinkall E, Maboni G, Robinson RS, Rees CED, Pfarrer C, Tötemeyer S. Characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from cattle using a bovine caruncular epithelial cell model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04476. [PMID: 32743095 PMCID: PMC7385464 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen in human and veterinary health, causing significant morbidity and mortality including abortion. It has a particular tropism for the gravid uterus, however, the route of infection in reproductive tissues of ruminants (i.e. placentome), is much less clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate a bovine caruncular epithelial cell (BCEC) line as a model for L. monocytogenes infection of the bovine reproductive tract. The BCEC infection model was used to assess the ability of 14 different L. monocytogenes isolates to infect these cells. Lysozyme sensitivity and bacterial survival in 580 μg lysozyme/ml correlated with attenuated ability to proliferate in BCEC (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). Four isolates were significantly attenuated compared to the control strain 10403S. One of these strains (AR008) showed evidence of compromised cell wall leading to increased sensitivity to ß-lactam antibiotics, and another (7644) had compromised cell membrane integrity leading to increased sensitivity to cationic peptides. Whole genome sequencing followed by Multi Locus Sequence Type analysis identified that five invasive isolates had the same sequence type, ST59, despite originating from three different clinical conditions. Virulence gene analysis showed that the attenuated isolate LM4 was lacking two virulence genes (uhpT, virR) known to be involved in intracellular growth and virulence. In conclusion, the BCEC model was able to differentiate between the infective potential of different isolates. Moreover, resistance to lysozyme correlated with the ability to invade and replicate within BCEC, suggesting co-selection for surviving challenging environments as the abomasum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Blanchard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rosemarie Billenness
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jessica Warren
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amy Glanvill
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William Roden
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emma Drinkall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Grazieli Maboni
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert S Robinson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Tötemeyer
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Ely VL, Vargas AC, Costa MM, Oliveira HP, Pötter L, Reghelin MA, Fernandes AW, Pereira DIB, Sangioni LA, Botton SA. Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi: biofilm formation and lysozyme activity. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:369-376. [PMID: 30142702 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to verify the formation of biofilms by Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi isolates from ruminants. In addition, the lysozyme activity against the isolates of M. bovis, M. ovis and M. bovoculi in free form and in biofilms was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 54 isolates of Moraxella sp. obtained from bovine and ovine clinical samples were evaluated in vitro for capacity of biofilm formation and lysozyme susceptibility in planktonic and sessile cells. In addition, biofilms produced by four Moraxella sp. isolates were visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was possible to demonstrate, for the first time, the ability to form biofilms by M. ovis and M. bovoculi. The isolates of Moraxella sp. have the capacity to form biofilms in different intensities, varying among weak, moderate and strong. It was verified that the lysozyme shows activity on Moraxella sp. in planktonic form. However, on biofilms there was a reduction in the production, but without impairing its formation, and on consolidated biofilms the lysozyme did not have the capacity to eradicate the preformed biofilms. CONCLUSIONS This work shows the capacity of biofilm formation by Moraxella sp. of veterinary importance. The lysozyme susceptibility of Moraxella sp. in planktonic form shows that this enzyme has bacteriostatic activity on this micro-organism and it reduced the production of biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Based on the results, it is possible to infer that the biofilm formation capacity by Moraxella sp. and the resistance to lysozyme concentrations equal to or greater than the physiological levels of the ruminant tear may be linked not only to the capacity to colonize the conjunctiva, but also to remain in this place even after healing of the lesions, being a reservoir of Moraxella sp. in a herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Ely
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A C Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - M M Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - H P Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - L Pötter
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - M A Reghelin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A W Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - D I B Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L A Sangioni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - S A Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Rismondo J, Wamp S, Aldridge C, Vollmer W, Halbedel S. Stimulation of PgdA-dependent peptidoglycanN-deacetylation by GpsB-PBP A1 inListeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 2017; 107:472-487. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine Rismondo
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37; Wernigerode 38855 Germany
| | - Sabrina Wamp
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37; Wernigerode 38855 Germany
| | - Christine Aldridge
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX UK
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX UK
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37; Wernigerode 38855 Germany
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Listeria monocytogenes and ocular abscess: an atypical but yet potential association. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2609-2616. [PMID: 29086326 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a farmer's corneal abscess caused by an unusual pathogen: Listeria monocytogenes fluoroquinolone resistant. METHODS A 78-year-old farmer presented a central corneal abscess associated with 1-mm hypopyon and decreased visual acuity evolving since 2 weeks. First an antibiotic therapy associating oral ofloxacin and topical ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and ceftazidime was started. Different samples of the abscess were performed and sent to different microbiological laboratories. RESULT Listeria monocytogenes was isolated after 2 days of culture. Antibiotics sensitivity showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid. Ceftazidime was changed for gentamicin, and after 1 month of treatment the abscess decreased considerably. CONCLUSION This case demonstrated that even if Listeria is rarely involved in ocular abscess, it must be evocated for people with risk factors as farmers. This suspicion should lead to an extended incubation to identify the pathogen. The analysis of Listeria resistance is essential to start an efficient therapy.
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Oh M, Lee J, Jeong Y, Kim M. Synergistic Antilisterial Effects of Mixtures of Lysozyme and Organic Acids. J Food Prot 2016; 79:2184-2189. [PMID: 28221961 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the synergistic effects of lysozyme combined with organic acids to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes . The antilisterial effects of the combination of lysozyme and acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, or succinic acid were evaluated using the checkerboard method and time-kill assay. The MIC was 25,000 mg/liter for lysozyme, 625 mg/liter for acetic acid, and 1,250 mg/liter for the other acids. The MBC was 10,000 mg/liter for all of the tested organic acids. The combination of lysozyme and each organic acid showed synergistic effects via the checkerboard method; however, the time-kill assay showed synergistic effects for only three combinations of 1,250 mg/liter lysozyme with succinic acid (312 and 625 mg/liter) or malic acid (625 mg/liter). The results of this study indicate that the combination of lysozyme and malic acid or succinic acid can be effectively used as a food preservative to control L. monocytogenes .
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeonggeun Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
| | - Joongjae Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
| | - Misook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
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Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes resides originally in the environment. Infections of the eye have been induced experimentally; for example, in rabbits and guinea pigs. Natural ocular infections occur in various animals; in most instances, they are induced exogenously; for example, by contaminated silage affecting primarily the conjunctiva, cornea, or the anterior chamber. Sporadic infections as well as outbreaks have been described. In humans, besides exogenous infections, endogenous infections also occur, inducing mainly endophthalmitis. Since an exact diagnosis of the causative agent is often delayed, specific therapy starts too late, so that the outcome is often poor. The antibiotics of primary choice would be ampicillin or a quinolone such as moxifloxacin or levofloxacin. The role of fosfomycin for therapy of ocular infections is discussed.
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