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Zhou L, Zhou H, Fan Y, Wang J, Zhang R, Guo Z, Li Y, Kang R, Zhang Z, Yang D, Liu J. Metagenomics to Identify Viral Communities Associated with Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex in Tibetan Pigs in the Tibetan Plateau, China. Pathogens 2024; 13:404. [PMID: 38787256 PMCID: PMC11124006 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tibetan pig is a unique pig breed native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To investigate viral communities associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), 167 respiratory samples were collected from Tibetan pigs in the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan province. Following library construction and Illunima Novaseq sequencing, 18 distinct viruses belonging to 15 viral taxonomic families were identified in Tibetan pigs with PRDC. Among the 18 detected viruses, 3 viruses were associated with PRDC, including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV), and porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV). The genomic sequences of two PCV-2 strains, three TTSuV strains, and one novel Porprismacovirus strain were assembled by SOAPdenovo software (v2). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that both PCV-2 strains belonged to PCV-2d, three TTSuVs were classified to TTSuV2a and TTSuV2b genotypes, and the Porprismacovirus strain PPMV-SCgz-2022 showed a close genetic relationship with a virus of human origin. Recombination analysis indicated that PPMV-SCgz-2022 may have originated from recombination events between Human 16,806 × 66-213 strain and Porcine 17,668 × 82-593 strain. Furthermore, the high proportion of single infection or co-infection of PCV2/TTSuV2 provides insight into PRDC infection in Tibetan pigs. This is the first report of the viral communities in PRDC-affected Tibetan pigs in this region, and the results provides reference for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yandi Fan
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinghao Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Zijing Guo
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Runmin Kang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Danjiao Yang
- Institute of Animal Science of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, Kangding 626000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xing JH, Niu TM, Zou BS, Yang GL, Shi CW, Yan QS, Sun MJ, Yu T, Zhang SM, Feng XZ, Fan SH, Huang HB, Wang JH, Li MH, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Cao X, Wang N, Zeng Y, Hu JT, Zhang D, Sun WS, Yang WT, Wang CF. Gut microbiota-derived LCA mediates the protective effect of PEDV infection in piglets. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:20. [PMID: 38317217 PMCID: PMC10840300 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a critical factor in the regulation of host health, but the relationship between the differential resistance of hosts to pathogens and the interaction of gut microbes is not yet clear. Herein, we investigated the potential correlation between the gut microbiota of piglets and their disease resistance using single-cell transcriptomics, 16S amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection leads to significant changes in the gut microbiota of piglets. Notably, Landrace pigs lose their resistance quickly after being infected with PEDV, but transplanting the fecal microbiota of Min pigs to Landrace pigs alleviated the infection status. Macrogenomic and animal protection models identified Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus in the gut microbiota as playing an anti-infective role. Moreover, metabolomic screening of the secondary bile acids' deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) correlated significantly with Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus, but only LCA exerted a protective function in the animal model. In addition, LCA supplementation altered the distribution of intestinal T-cell populations and resulted in significantly enriched CD8+ CTLs, and in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that LCA increased SLA-I expression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells via FXR receptors, thereby recruiting CD8+ CTLs to exert antiviral effects. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate that the diversity of gut microbiota influences the development of the disease, and manipulating Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus, as well as LCA, represents a promising strategy to improve PEDV infection in piglets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tian-Ming Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bo-Shi Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qing-Song Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ming-Jie Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shu-Min Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xi-Ze Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shu-Hui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ming-Han Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing-Tao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wu-Sheng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Pei Y, Lin C, Li H, Feng Z. Genetic background influences pig responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1289570. [PMID: 37929286 PMCID: PMC10623566 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1289570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly infectious and economically significant virus that causes respiratory and reproductive diseases in pigs. It results in reduced productivity and increased mortality in pigs, causing substantial economic losses in the industry. Understanding the factors affecting pig responses to PRRSV is crucial to develop effective control strategies. Genetic background has emerged as a significant determinant of susceptibility and resistance to PRRSV in pigs. This review provides an overview of the basic infection process of PRRSV in pigs, associated symptoms, underlying immune mechanisms, and roles of noncoding RNA and alternative splicing in PRRSV infection. Moreover, it emphasized breed-specific variations in these aspects that may have implications for individual treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chenghong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Zhou L, Yu J, Zhou J, Long Y, Xiao L, Fan Y, Yang D, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Liu J. A novel NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 with complex genome recombination is highly pathogenic to piglets. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 112:105436. [PMID: 37094706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) first emerged in China in 2017 and has the potential to become the dominant PRRSV strain in China. Here, a novel PRRSV-2, SCcd2020, was isolated from diseased piglets in Sichuan province, southwest China in 2020. The complete viral genome was determined and analyzed. An ORF5-based phylogenetic analysis showed that SCcd2020 clustered with NADC34-like strains, whereas the genome sequence clustered the isolate with NADC30-like viruses and it contains a discontinuous 131-aa deletion in NSP2 when compared to NADC30 strain. Notably, recombination analyses indicated that SCcd2020 is a multiple recombinant virus from NADC30-like, NADC34-like and JXA1-like strains, which is the first description of Chinese domestic HP-PRRSV involving the recombination event of an NADC34-like strain. Importantly, an animal challenge study in 4-week-old piglets showed that SCcd2020 causes high fever and severe hemorrhagic pneumonia with pulmonary consolidation and edema, and it has a high mortality rate (60%), which indicated that SCcd2020 is a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain. The study reports the emergence of a novel highly pathogenic NADC34-like recombinant strain, and it highlights the importance of monitoring newly emerging PRRSV strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Sichuan Boce Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610023, China
| | - Yaoping Long
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yandi Fan
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Danjiao Yang
- Institute of Animal Science of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, Kangding 626000, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China.
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You X, Li G, Lei Y, Xu Z, Zhang P, Yang Y. Role of genetic factors in different swine breeds exhibiting varying levels of resistance/susceptibility to PRRSV. Virus Res 2023; 326:199057. [PMID: 36731630 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is an economically significant contagious disease. Traditional approaches based on vaccines or medicines were challenging to control PRRSV due to the diversity of viruses. Different breeds of pigs infected with PRRSV have been reported to have different immune responses. However, due to the complexity of interaction mechanism between host and PRRSV, the genetic mechanism leading to PRRSV susceptibility/resistance in various pig breeds is still unclear. Herein, the role of host genetic components in PRRSV susceptibility is systematically described, and the molecular mechanisms by which host genetic factors such as SNPs, cytokines, receptor molecules, intestinal flora, and non-coding RNAs regulate PRRSV susceptibility/resistance. Therefore, improving the resistance to disease of individual animals through disease-resistance breeding technology is of profound significance for uplifting the sustainable and healthy development of the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin You
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Gan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ying Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhiqian Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Youbing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Wu Q, Han Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Su Q, Shen Y, Guan K, Michal JJ, Jiang Z, Liu B, Zhou X. Integrated time-series transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal different inflammatory and adaptive immune responses contributing to host resistance to PRRSV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960709. [PMID: 36341362 PMCID: PMC9631489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious disease that affects the global pig industry. To understand mechanisms of susceptibility/resistance to PRRSV, this study profiled the time-serial white blood cells transcriptomic and serum metabolomic responses to PRRSV in piglets from a crossbred population of PRRSV-resistant Tongcheng pigs and PRRSV-susceptible Large White pigs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that PRRSV infection up-regulated the expression levels of marker genes of dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils and inflammatory response, but down-regulated T cells, B cells and NK cells markers. CIBERSORT analysis confirmed the higher T cells proportion in resistant pigs during PRRSV infection. Resistant pigs showed a significantly higher level of T cell activation and lower expression levels of monocyte surface signatures post infection than susceptible pigs, corresponding to more severe suppression of T cell immunity and inflammatory response in susceptible pigs. Differentially expressed genes between resistant/susceptible pigs during the course of infection were significantly enriched in oxidative stress, innate immunity and humoral immunity, cell cycle, biotic stimulated cellular response, wounding response and behavior related pathways. Fourteen of these genes were distributed in 5 different QTL regions associated with PRRSV-related traits. Chemokine CXCL10 levels post PRRSV infection were differentially expressed between resistant pigs and susceptible pigs and can be a promising marker for susceptibility/resistance to PRRSV. Furthermore, the metabolomics dataset indicated differences in amino acid pathways and lipid metabolism between pre-infection/post-infection and resistant/susceptible pigs. The majority of metabolites levels were also down-regulated after PRRSV infection and were significantly positively correlated to the expression levels of marker genes in adaptive immune response. The integration of transcriptome and metabolome revealed concerted molecular events triggered by the infection, notably involving inflammatory response, adaptive immunity and G protein-coupled receptor downstream signaling. This study has increased our knowledge of the immune response differences induced by PRRSV infection and susceptibility differences at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, providing the basis for the PRRSV resistance mechanism and effective PRRS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuju Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaifeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jennifer J. Michal
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
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Li J, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Huang Z, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, Tian G, Luo Y. The fungal community and its interaction with the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the faeces of Chenghua, Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:509-521. [PMID: 31691493 PMCID: PMC7017814 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their important roles in host nutrition and metabolism, and potential to cause disease, our knowledge of the fungal community in the mammalian gut is quite limited. To date, diversity and composition of fungi in swine gut still remains unknown. Therefore, the first internal transcribed spacer of fungi in faecal samples from three breeds of pigs (10 pigs for each breed) was sequenced based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the relationship between the fungal community and the concentrations of main short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also analysed. Results indicated that Chenghua (local, higher body fat rate), Yorkshire (foreign, higher lean meat and growth rate) and Tibetan (plateau, stronger disease resistance) pigs harboured distinct fungal community. The Basidiomycota and Ascomycota presented as the two predominant phyla, with Loreleia, Russula and Candida as the top three genera in all samples. Network analysis revealed a total of 35 correlations among different fungal genera, with 27 (77.14%) positive and 8 (22.86%) negative pairwise interactions. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that fungi in the faeces of pigs were more correlated to the concentration of acetate and butyrate rather than propionate. Spearman’s correlation further showed that Tomentella was positively correlated to both acetate and butyrate, and Loreleia was positively correlated to propionate (P < 0.05), while Nephroma and Taiwanofungus were negatively correlated to acetate and propionate (P < 0.05). These findings expanded our knowledge on the intestinal fungi in pigs with different genotypes and phenotypes, indicating that fungi may play an indispensable role during the metabolism of host and the maintenance of intestinal health. The cross‐feeding between fungi and other microorganisms may be crucial during the digestion of dietary carbohydrates and the associated physiological processes, which is worthy to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou L, Kang R, Yu J, Xie B, Chen C, Li X, Xie J, Ye Y, Xiao L, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang H. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombined Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 among Nadc30-Like, Jxa1-Like, and Mlv-Like Strains. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100551. [PMID: 30304818 PMCID: PMC6213465 DOI: 10.3390/v10100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs), coupled with point mutations, insertions, and deletions occurring in the genome, is considered to contribute to the emergence of new variants. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of a PRRSV field strain, designated SCN17, isolated from a RespPRRS MLV-vaccinated piglet in China in 2017. Sequence alignment revealed that SCN17 had discontinuous 131-amino acid (111 + 1 + 19-aa) deletion in the NSP2-coding region identical to that of NADC30 when compared to VR-2332. Notably, the strain, SCN17, contained an additional 1-aa deletion in NSP2, a 1-aa deletion in ORF5, and a unique 3-nt deletion in the 3′-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SCN17 clustered into NADC30-like lineage based on ORF5 genotyping, whereas it belonged to an inter-lineage between the NADC30-like and VR-2332-like lineages as established based on the full-length genome. Importantly, the SCN17 was identified as a novel virus recombined between a NADC30-like (moderately pathogenic), a JXA1-like (highly pathogenic), and an attenuated vaccine strain, RespPRRS MLV (parental strain VR-2332). Furthermore, we tested its pathogenicity in piglets. SCN17 infection caused a persistent fever, moderate interstitial pneumonia, and increased the viremia and antibody levels in the inoculated piglets. Of note, all SCN17-infected piglets survived throughout the study. The new virus was showed to be a moderately virulent isolate and have lower pathogenicity than HP-PRRSV strain, SCwhn09CD. Our results provide evidence for the continuing evolution of PRRSV field strain by genetic recombination and mutation leading to outbreaks in the vaccinated pig populations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Runmin Kang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bo Xie
- Chengdu Chia Tai Agro-industry & Food, Animal healthy disease service, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China.
| | - Changying Chen
- Chengdu Chia Tai Agro-industry & Food, Animal healthy disease service, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xingyu Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yonggang Ye
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Xiao
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongning Wang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Renson P, Rose N, Le Dimna M, Mahé S, Keranflec'h A, Paboeuf F, Belloc C, Le Potier MF, Bourry O. Dynamic changes in bronchoalveolar macrophages and cytokines during infection of pigs with a highly or low pathogenic genotype 1 PRRSV strain. Vet Res 2017; 48:15. [PMID: 28241868 PMCID: PMC5327547 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replicates primarily in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and the resulting lung damage is influenced by strain virulence. To better understand the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection, we performed a longitudinal study of the PAM population and lung cytokines in specific pathogen-free pigs infected either with the highly pathogenic Lena strain or with the low pathogenic Finistere strain in comparison to uninfected pigs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were collected to follow viral, cellular and cytokine changes in lung with respect to clinical signs and systemic events. Compared to Finistere-infected pigs, Lena-infected pigs exhibited more severe clinical signs and 10- to 100-fold higher viral loads in BALF and blood. Similarly, they showed an earlier drop in BALF cell viability and phagocytic activity along with a decrease in the macrophage count. From 8 to 15 days post-infection (dpi), monocytes increased both in BALF and blood from Lena-infected pigs. BALF and blood showed contrasting cytokine patterns, with low increase of IFN-α and TNF-α levels and high increase for IL-1α and IL-8 in BALF after Lena-infection. In contrast, in the blood, the increase was marked for IFN-α and TNF-α but limited for IL-1β and IL-8. Down-regulation of PAM functions combined with inflammatory cytokine and monocyte recruitment may promote lung pathogenesis and virus replication in PRRSV infections with the highly pathogenic Lena strain. In contrast, the low pathogenic Finistere strain showed prolonged viral replication in lung, possibly related to the weak IFN-γ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Renson
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France.,UGPVB, 104 rue Eugène Pottier, CS 26553, 35065, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Rose
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Epidémiologie et Bien-Etre du Porc, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Mireille Le Dimna
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Mahé
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | - André Keranflec'h
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Service Production de Porcs Assainis et d'Expérimentations,, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Service Production de Porcs Assainis et d'Expérimentations,, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | | | - Marie-Frédérique Le Potier
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Bourry
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Zoopôle, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France. .,Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France.
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