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Boshra H, Blyth GAD, Truong T, Kroeker A, Kara P, Mather A, Wallace D, Babiuk S. The Development of a Multivalent Capripoxvirus-Vectored Vaccine Candidate to Protect against Sheeppox, Goatpox, Peste des Petits Ruminants, and Rift Valley Fever. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:805. [PMID: 39066443 PMCID: PMC11281512 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Capripoxviruses are the causative agents of sheeppox, goatpox, and lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle, which cause economic losses to the livestock industry in Africa and Asia. Capripoxviruses are currently controlled using several live attenuated vaccines. It was previously demonstrated that a lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) field isolate from Warmbaths (WB) South Africa, ORF 005 (IL-10) gene-deleted virus (LSDV WB005KO), was able to protect sheep and goats against sheeppox and goatpox. Subsequently, genes encoding the protective antigens for peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) viruses have been inserted in the LSDV WB005KO construct in three different antigen forms (native, secreted, and fusion). These three multivalent vaccine candidates were evaluated for protection against PPR using a single immunization of 104 TCID50 in sheep. The vaccine candidates with the native and secreted antigens protected sheep against PPR clinical disease and decreased viral shedding, as detected using real-time RT-PCR in oral and nasal swabs. An anamnestic antibody response, measured using PPR virus-neutralizing antibody response production, was observed in sheep following infection. The vaccine candidates with the antigens expressed in their native form were evaluated for protection against RVF using a single immunization with doses of 104 or 105 TCID50 in sheep and goats. Following RVF virus infection, sheep and goats were protected against clinical disease and no viremia was detected in serum compared to control animals, where viremia was detected one day following infection. Sheep and goats developed RVFV-neutralizing antibodies prior to infection, and the antibody responses increased following infection. These results demonstrate that an LSD virus-vectored vaccine candidate can be used in sheep and goats to protect against multiple viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Boshra
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (H.B.); (T.T.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Graham A. D. Blyth
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (H.B.); (T.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Thang Truong
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (H.B.); (T.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrea Kroeker
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (H.B.); (T.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Pravesh Kara
- ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Arshad Mather
- ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - David Wallace
- ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (H.B.); (T.T.); (A.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
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Lu G, Wang P, Miao S, Huang J, Ma W, Mi X, Xue J, Shayilan K, Yang X, Yan G. Prokaryotic expression of the V protein of the peste des petits ruminants virus and development of an indirect ELISA. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:5011-5015. [PMID: 37288766 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2221703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we recombinantly expressed the V protein of the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and evaluated its diagnostic value for PPRV infection using an indirect ELISA (i-ELISA). The optimal concentration of the coated antigen of V protein was 15 ng/well at a serum dilution of 1:400, and the optimal positive threshold value was 0.233. A cross-reactivity assay showed that the V protein-based i-ELISA was specific to PPRV with consistent reproducibility and showed a specificity of 82.6% and a sensitivity of 100% with a virus neutralization test. Using the recombinant V protein as an antigen in ELISA is useful for seroepidemiological studies of PPRV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Shukui Miao
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Huang
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenge Ma
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Mi
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Kayizha Shayilan
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Yang
- The Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang (Animal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Genqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
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Eltahir YM, Aburizq W, Bensalah OK, Mohamed MS, Al Shamisi A, AbdElkader AI, Al-Majali A. Modeling for Smart Vaccination against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3248. [PMID: 37893972 PMCID: PMC10603677 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious and economically important transboundary viral disease of small ruminants. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) national animal health plan aimed to control and eradicate PPR from the country by following the global PPR control and eradication strategy which adopts small ruminants' mass vaccination to eradicate the disease from the globe by 2030. A smart vaccination approach, which is less expensive and has longer-term sustainable benefits, is needed to accelerate the eradication of PPR. In this study, a mathematical algorithm was developed based on animals' identification and registration data, belonging to the Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), and other different parameters related to PPR risk occurrence. The latter included animal holding vaccination history, the number of animals per holding, forecasting of the number of animals and newborns per holding, the proximity of an animal holding to a PPR outbreak and the historical animal holding owner vaccination rejection attitude. The developed algorithm successfully prioritized animal holdings at risk of PPR infection within Abu Dhabi Emirate to be targeted by vaccination. This in turn facilitated the mobilization of field vaccination teams to target specific sheep and goat holdings to ensure the generation of immunity against the disease on a risk-based approach. The vaccination coverage of the targeted livestock population was increased to 86% and the vaccination rejection attitude was reduced by 35%. The duration of the vaccination campaign was reduced to 30 compared to 70 working days and hence can alleviate the depletion of human and logistic resources commonly used in classical mass vaccination campaigns. The results obtained from implementing the algorithm-based PPR vaccination campaign will reduce the negative impact of PPR on the UAE livestock sector and accelerate the achievement of the national PPR eradication plan requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir M. Eltahir
- Animals Health and Extension Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, United Arab Emirates; (O.K.B.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Wael Aburizq
- Data and Artificial Intelligence Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, United Arab Emirates; (W.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Oum Keltoum Bensalah
- Animals Health and Extension Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, United Arab Emirates; (O.K.B.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Meera S. Mohamed
- Animals Health and Extension Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, United Arab Emirates; (O.K.B.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Aysha Al Shamisi
- Data and Artificial Intelligence Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, United Arab Emirates; (W.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ayman I. AbdElkader
- Policy and Regulatory Affairs, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ahmad Al-Majali
- Subregional Office for the Gulf Cooperation Council States and Yemen, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Abu Dhabi 62072, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Lacasta A, Kim HC, Kepl E, Gachogo R, Chege N, Ojuok R, Muriuki C, Mwalimu S, Touboul G, Stiber A, Poole EJ, Ndiwa N, Fiala B, King NP, Nene V. Design and immunological evaluation of two-component protein nanoparticle vaccines for East Coast fever. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1015840. [PMID: 36713406 PMCID: PMC9880323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle vaccines usually prime stronger immune responses than soluble antigens. Within this class of subunit vaccines, the recent development of computationally designed self-assembling two-component protein nanoparticle scaffolds provides a powerful and versatile platform for displaying multiple copies of one or more antigens. Here we report the generation of three different nanoparticle immunogens displaying 60 copies of p67C, an 80 amino acid polypeptide from a candidate vaccine antigen of Theileria parva, and their immunogenicity in cattle. p67C is a truncation of p67, the major surface protein of the sporozoite stage of T. parva, an apicomplexan parasite that causes an often-fatal bovine disease called East Coast fever (ECF) in sub-Saharan Africa. Compared to I32-19 and I32-28, we found that I53-50 nanoparticle scaffolds displaying p67C had the best biophysical characteristics. p67C-I53-50 also outperformed the other two nanoparticles in stimulating p67C-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies and CD4+ T-cell responses, as well as sporozoite neutralizing capacity. In experimental cattle vaccine trials, p67C-I53-50 induced significant immunity to ECF, suggesting that the I53-50 scaffold is a promising candidate for developing novel nanoparticle vaccines. To our knowledge this is the first application of computationally designed nanoparticles to the development of livestock vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lacasta
- Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya,*Correspondence: Anna Lacasta, ; Neil P. King,
| | - Hyung Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Kepl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rachael Gachogo
- Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Naomi Chege
- Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rose Ojuok
- Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charity Muriuki
- Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen Mwalimu
- Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gilad Touboul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ariel Stiber
- Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Jane Poole
- Research Methods Group, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicholas Ndiwa
- Research Methods Group, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Anna Lacasta, ; Neil P. King,
| | - Vishvanath Nene
- Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Rojas JM, Mancho C, Louloudes-Lázaro A, Rodríguez-Martín D, Avia M, Moreno S, Sevilla N, Martín V. Adenoviral delivery of soluble ovine OX40L or CD70 costimulatory molecules improves adaptive immune responses to a model antigen in sheep. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1010873. [PMID: 36211974 PMCID: PMC9538494 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor superfamily OX40L and CD70 and their receptors are costimulatory signalling axes critical for adequate T and B cell activation in humans and mice. In this work we inoculated groups of sheep with human recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad) expressing Ovis aries (Oa)OX40L or OaCD70 or a control adenoviral vector to determine whether they could improve the immune response to the model antigen OVA. PBMCs and serum samples were obtained for analysis of the adaptive immune response to OVA at days 0, 15, 30 and 90 post-inoculation (pi). Recall responses to OVA were assessed at day 7 and 30 after the second antigen inoculation (pb) at day 90. Administration of these immunomodulatory molecules did not induce unspecific PBMC stimulation. While OaOX40L administration mainly increased TNF-α and IL-4 in PBMC at day 15 pi concomitantly with a slight increase in antibody titer and the number of IFN-γ producing cells, we detected greater effects on adaptive immunity after OaCD70 administration. AdOaCD70 inoculation improved antibody titers to OVA at days 30 and 90 pi, and increased anti-OVA-specific IgG-secreting B cell counts when compared to control. Moreover, higher IFN-γ production was detected on days 7 pi, 7 pb and 30 pb in PBMCs from this group. Phenotypic analysis of T cell activation showed an increase in effector CD8+ T cells (CD8+ CD62L- CD27-) at day 15 pi in AdOaCD70 group, concurrent with a decrease in early activated cells (CD8+ CD62L- CD27+). Moreover, recall anti-OVA CD8+ T cell responses were increased at 7 pb in the AdOaCD70 group. AdOaCD70 administration could therefore promote CD8+ T cell effector differentiation and long-term activity. In this work we characterized the in vivo adjuvant potential on the humoral and cellular immune response of OaOX40L and OaCD70 delivered by non-replicative adenovirus vectors using the model antigen OVA. We present data highlighting the potency of these molecules as veterinary vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Mancho
- Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Louloudes-Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodríguez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Avia
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Verónica Martín,
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Oz ME, Torlak E. A high-resolution melting assay to differentiate a peste des petits ruminants virus vaccine strain from field isolates in Turkey. Arch Virol 2022; 167:941-946. [PMID: 35147805 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) mostly affects small ruminants. Vaccination with attenuated vaccines derived from PPR virus (PPRV) provides successful protection against the disease. However, current molecular methods are unable to distinguish vaccine strains from field strains. In this study, we used an EvaGreen-based high-resolution melting (HRM) assay to differentiate a PPRV vaccine strain (Nigeria 75/1) from Turkish field isolates of lineage IV based on melting peaks and melting profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Emin Oz
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Control Institute, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Torlak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey
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Choudhury SM, Ma X, Dang W, Li Y, Zheng H. Recent Development of Ruminant Vaccine Against Viral Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:697194. [PMID: 34805327 PMCID: PMC8595237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens of viral origin produce a large variety of infectious diseases in livestock. It is essential to establish the best practices in animal care and an efficient way to stop and prevent infectious diseases that impact animal husbandry. So far, the greatest way to combat the disease is to adopt a vaccine policy. In the fight against infectious diseases, vaccines are very popular. Vaccination's fundamental concept is to utilize particular antigens, either endogenous or exogenous to induce immunity against the antigens or cells. In light of how past emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and pandemics were handled, examining the vaccination methods and technological platforms utilized for the animals may provide some useful insights. New vaccine manufacturing methods have evolved because of developments in technology and medicine and our broad knowledge of immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, and biochemistry, among other basic science disciplines. Genetic engineering, proteomics, and other advanced technologies have aided in implementing novel vaccine theories, resulting in the discovery of new ruminant vaccines and the improvement of existing ones. Subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and vectored vaccines are increasingly gaining scientific and public attention as the next generation of vaccines and are being seen as viable replacements to conventional vaccines. The current review looks at the effects and implications of recent ruminant vaccine advances in terms of evolving microbiology, immunology, and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - YuanYuan Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Clemmons EA, Alfson KJ, Dutton JW. Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2039. [PMID: 34359167 PMCID: PMC8300273 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Kendra J. Alfson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John W. Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
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Sharma Y, Sarkar R, Jain A, Singh S, Shekhar C, Shanmugam C, Dhanavelu M, Tembhurne P, Kaul R, Sehrawat S. A Mouse Model of PPRV Infection for Elucidating Protective and Pathological Roles of Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630307. [PMID: 33912160 PMCID: PMC8072281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at developing an accessible laboratory animal model to elucidate protective and pathological roles of immune mediators during Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection. It is because of the critical roles of type I IFNs in anti-viral defense, we assessed the susceptibility of IFN receptor knock out (IFNR KO) mice to PPRV infection. IFNR KO mice were exceedingly susceptible to the infection but WT animals efficiently controlled PPRV. Accordingly, the PPRV infected IFNR KO mice gradually reduced their body weights and succumbed to the infection within 10 days irrespective of the dose and route of infection. The lower infecting doses predominantly induced immunopathological lesions. The viral antigens as well as the replicating PPRV were abundantly present in most of the critical organs such as brain, lungs, heart and kidneys of IFNR KO mice infected with high dose of the virus. Neutrophils and macrophages transported the replicating virus to central nervous system (CNS) and contributed to pathology while the elevated NK and T cell responses directly correlated with the resolution of PPRV infection in WT animals. Using an array of fluorescently labeled H-2Kb tetramers, we discovered four immunogenic epitopes of PPRV. The PPRV-peptides interacted well with H-2Kb in acellular and cellular assay as well as expanded the virus-specific CD8+ T cells in immunized or infected mice. Adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells helped control PPRV in infected mice. Our study therefore established and employed a mouse model for investigating the pathogenesis of PPRV. The model could be useful for elucidating the contribution of immune cells in disease progression as well as to test anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Roman Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Ayush Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sudhakar Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | | | | | - Prabhakar Tembhurne
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharvan Sehrawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
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Abstract
The relatively low economic value of small ruminants places constraints upon vaccination in these species. In general, vaccination against clostridial diseases such as enterotoxemia and tetanus are most important. Enzootic pneumonia is a major cause of losses in intensively housed sheep. Footrot is a difficult disease to control because of the extreme antigenic diversity of its causal agent. In some areas soremouth vaccination is important. Bluetongue vaccination, even though complex, is also essential in some areas. Peste de petits ruminants is a growing cause for concern over much of Africa. Goats and llamas generally require the same vaccines as sheep.
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Peste des petits ruminants in Africa: a review of currently available molecular epidemiological data, 2020. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2147-2163. [PMID: 32653984 PMCID: PMC7497342 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Small ruminants (e.g., sheep and goats) contribute considerably to the cash income and nutrition of small farmers in most countries in Africa and Asia. Their husbandry is threatened by the highly infectious transboundary viral disease peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV). Given its social and economic impact, PPR is presently being targeted by international organizations for global eradication by 2030. Since its first description in Côte d’Ivoire in 1942, and particularly over the last 10 years, a large amount of molecular epidemiological data on the virus have been generated in Africa. This review aims to consolidate these data in order to have a clearer picture of the current PPR situation in Africa, which will, in turn, assist authorities in global eradication attempts.
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12
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Activation of OX40 and CD27 Costimulatory Signalling in Sheep through Recombinant Ovine Ligands. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020333. [PMID: 32580486 PMCID: PMC7350415 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily OX40L and CD70 and their receptors are costimulating signalling axes critical for adequate T cell activation in humans and mice but characterisation of these molecules in other species including ruminants is lacking. Here we cloned and expressed the predicted ovine orthologues of the receptors OX40 and CD27, as well as soluble recombinant forms of their potential ovine ligands, OaOX40L and OaCD70. Using biochemical and immunofluorescence analyses, we show that both signalling axes are functional in sheep. We show that oligomeric recombinant ligand constructs are able to induce signalling through their receptors on transfected cells. Recombinant defective human adenoviruses were constructed to express the soluble forms of OaOX40L and OaCD70. Both proteins were detected in the supernatant of adenovirus-infected cells and shown to activate NF-κB signalling pathway through their cognate receptor. These adenovirus-secreted OaOX40L and OaCD70 forms could also activate ovine T cell proliferation and enhance IFN-γ production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Altogether, this study provides the first characterisation of the ovine costimulatory OX40L-OX40 and CD70-CD27 signalling axes, and indicates that their activation in vivo may be useful to enhance vaccination-induced immune responses in sheep and other ruminants.
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13
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Pastoral production is associated with increased peste des petits ruminants seroprevalence in northern Tanzania across sheep, goats and cattle. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 147:e242. [PMID: 31364555 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a contagious disease of high morbidity and mortality in small ruminant populations globally. Using cross-sectional serosurvey data collected in 2016, our study investigated PPRV seroprevalence and risk factors among sheep, goats and cattle in 20 agropastoral (AP) and pastoral (P) villages in northern Tanzania. Overall observed seroprevalence was 21.1% (95% exact confidence interval (CI) 20.1-22.0) with 5.8% seroprevalence among agropastoral (95% CI 5.0-6.7) and 30.7% among pastoral villages (95% CI 29.3-32.0). Seropositivity varied significantly by management (production) system. Our study applied the catalytic framework to estimate the force of infection. The associated reproductive numbers (R0) were estimated at 1.36 (95% CI 1.32-1.39), 1.40 (95% CI 1.37-1.44) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.11-1.14) for sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. For sheep and goats, these R0 values are likely underestimates due to infection-associated mortality. Spatial heterogeneity in risk among pairs of species across 20 villages was significantly positively correlated (R2: 0.59-0.69), suggesting either cross-species transmission or common, external risk factors affecting all species. The non-negligible seroconversion in cattle may represent spillover or cattle-to-cattle transmission and must be investigated further to understand the role of cattle in PPRV transmission ahead of upcoming eradication efforts.
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14
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Jia XX, Wang H, Liu Y, Meng DM, Fan ZC. Development of vaccines for prevention of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104045. [PMID: 32035105 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of small ruminants, particularly sheep and goats. This disease leads to high morbidity and mortality of small ruminants, thus resulting in devastating economic loss to the livestock industry globally. The severe disease impact has prompted the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) to develop a global strategy for the control and eradication of PPR by 2030. Over the past decades, the control of PPR is mainly achieved through vaccinating the animals with live-attenuated vaccines, e.g., rinderpest vaccines. As a closely related disease to PPR of large ruminants, rinderpest was eradicated in 2011 and its vaccines subsequently got banned in order to keep rinderpest-free zones. Consequently, it is desirable to develop homologous PPR vaccines to control the disease. The present review summarizes the objectives of PPR control and eradication by focusing on the homologous PPR vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Kamel M, El-Sayed A. Toward peste des petits virus (PPRV) eradication: Diagnostic approaches, novel vaccines, and control strategies. Virus Res 2019; 274:197774. [PMID: 31606355 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute transboundary infectious viral disease affecting domestic and wild small ruminants' species besides camels reared in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The virus is a serious paramount challenge to the sustainable agriculture advancement in the developing world. The disease outbreak was also detected for the first time in the European Union namely in Bulgaria at 2018. Therefore, the disease has lately been aimed for eradication with the purpose of worldwide clearance by 2030. Radically, the vaccines needed for effectively accomplishing this aim are presently convenient; however, the availableness of innovative modern vaccines to fulfill the desideratum for Differentiating between Infected and Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) may mitigate time spent and financial disbursement of serological monitoring and surveillance in the advanced levels for any disease obliteration campaign. We here highlight what is at the present time well-known about the virus and the different available diagnostic tools. Further, we interject on current updates and insights on several novel vaccines and on the possible current and prospective strategies to be applied for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Agga GE, Raboisson D, Walch L, Alemayehu F, Semu DT, Bahiru G, Woube YA, Belihu K, Tekola BG, Bekana M, Roger FL, Waret-Szkuta A. Epidemiological Survey of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Ethiopia: Cattle as Potential Sentinel for Surveillance. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:302. [PMID: 31572736 PMCID: PMC6751262 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants; it emerged in countries previously free of the disease following the eradication of rinderpest. PPR is classified by international organizations as the next priority animal disease for global eradication campaign. Assessment of the local situations is the first step in the eradication efforts. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the seroprevalence of PPR in cattle, sheep, and goats under two livestock production systems in Ethiopia: North Shewa zone of Amhara region represents a highland sedentary life style characterized by mixed livestock-crop production system; Zone Three of Afar region represents a lowland nomadic life style characterized by pastoral livestock production system. N-competitive ELISA PPR test was performed on sera from 2,993 animals ≥6 months old sampled at watering and grazing points. Multivariable logistic regression models comparing the seropositivity between the two production systems were built by classifying doubtful results as positive, negative, or excluding them from the data. The odds ratio (OR) comparing overall PPR seroprevalence in the sedentary North Shewa Zone compared to the nomadic Zone Three ranged from 19 to 27 (P < 0.001), depending on how doubtful results were classified, which contrasts with what has been reported in the literature. This is not likely to be related solely to vaccination, since seroprevalences in cattle and small ruminants were similarly high or low in the respective zones (0-4% for Zone Three and 20-40% for North Shewa Zone), and cattle were not likely to be vaccinated. The OR of seropositivity for goats compared to cattle ranged from 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.7; P < 0.001] to 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5-3.1; P < 0.001) when doubtful results were excluded or classified as negative, respectively. When doubtful results were classified as positive, association between seropositivity and animal species was not significant (P > 0.05). Our results suggest to further investigate cattle as sentinel animals for PPR surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY, United States
| | | | - Ludovic Walch
- IHAP, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fitsum Alemayehu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit T Semu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Bahiru
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal A Woube
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Kelay Belihu
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe G Tekola
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Merga Bekana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Rume VN, Dundon WG, Belay G, Baziki JDD, Diakite A, Paul A, Tessema YD, Nwankpa N, Gizaw D, Cattoli G, Bodjo SC, Tessema TS. Molecular epidemiological update of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV) in Ethiopia. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:229-233. [PMID: 31383306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is a devastating disease of small ruminants with high morbidity and mortality rates among susceptible animals. The disease is endemic in much of Africa, the Middle East and Asia and constitutes one of the major hurdles to the improvement of small-ruminant production in these countries. The causal agent of PPR, the Small Ruminant Morbillivirus (SRMV), previously known as PPR virus (PPRV) belongs to the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. SRMV can be categorized into four genetically distinct lineages (I to IV). Suspicion of PPR was first reported in Ethiopia in 1977 and since then genetic characterization of circulating viruses has identified lineages III and IV in the country. This study was undertaken to provide an update on the molecular epidemiology of PPR in Ethiopia by analysing animal tissue samples collected between 2011 and 2017. PPR positive samples were identified in four regions of the country. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of fourteen RT-PCR positive amplicons revealed that all of the SRMV in the samples from 2010 to 2017 belong to sub-clade II of clade I of lineage IV. No lineage III viruses were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Nwankpa Rume
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia; African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box 1746, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gurja Belay
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Jean-de-Dieu Baziki
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box 1746, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Pan African University Institute for basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), JKUAT Main Campus, P.O.Box: 620000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Adama Diakite
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box 1746, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Ankeli Paul
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box 1746, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Yebchaye Degefa Tessema
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box 1746, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Nick Nwankpa
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box 1746, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gizaw
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sanne Charles Bodjo
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box 1746, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
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18
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Fournié G, Waret-Szkuta A, Camacho A, Yigezu LM, Pfeiffer DU, Roger F. A dynamic model of transmission and elimination of peste des petits ruminants in Ethiopia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8454-8459. [PMID: 30054316 PMCID: PMC6099864 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711646115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a devastating viral disease of sheep and goats, has been targeted by the global community for eradication within the next 15 years. Although an efficacious attenuated live vaccine is available, the lack of knowledge about the transmission potential of PPR virus (PPRV) may compromise eradication efforts. By fitting a metapopulation model simulating PPRV spread to the results of a nationwide serological survey in Ethiopia, we estimated the level of viral transmission in an endemic setting and the vaccination coverage required for elimination. Results suggest that the pastoral production system as a whole acts as a viral reservoir, from which PPRV spills over into the sedentary production system, where viral persistence is uncertain. Estimated levels of PPRV transmission indicate that viral spread could be prevented if the proportion of immune small ruminants is kept permanently above 37% in at least 71% of pastoral village populations. However, due to the high turnover of these populations, maintaining the fraction of immune animals above this threshold would require high vaccine coverage within villages, and vaccination campaigns to be conducted annually. Adapting vaccination strategies to the specific characteristics of the local epidemiological context and small ruminant population dynamics would result in optimized allocation of limited resources and increase the likelihood of PPR eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fournié
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics, and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom;
| | - Agnès Waret-Szkuta
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
- UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Campus International de Baillarguet, Université de Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Anton Camacho
- Epicentre, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dirk U Pfeiffer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics, and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - François Roger
- UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Campus International de Baillarguet, Université de Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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19
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Abstract
Coinfections involving viruses are being recognized to influence the disease pattern that occurs relative to that with single infection. Classically, we usually think of a clinical syndrome as the consequence of infection by a single virus that is isolated from clinical specimens. However, this biased laboratory approach omits detection of additional agents that could be contributing to the clinical outcome, including novel agents not usually considered pathogens. The presence of an additional agent may also interfere with the targeted isolation of a known virus. Viral interference, a phenomenon where one virus competitively suppresses replication of other coinfecting viruses, is the most common outcome of viral coinfections. In addition, coinfections can modulate virus virulence and cell death, thereby altering disease severity and epidemiology. Immunity to primary virus infection can also modulate immune responses to subsequent secondary infections. In this review, various virological mechanisms that determine viral persistence/exclusion during coinfections are discussed, and insights into the isolation/detection of multiple viruses are provided. We also discuss features of heterologous infections that impact the pattern of immune responsiveness that develops.
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Rojas JM, Avia M, Pascual E, Sevilla N, Martín V. Vaccination with recombinant adenovirus expressing peste des petits ruminants virus-F or -H proteins elicits T cell responses to epitopes that arises during PPRV infection. Vet Res 2017; 48:79. [PMID: 29157291 PMCID: PMC5697415 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an economically important disease that limits productivity in small domestic ruminants and often affects the livestock of the poorest populations in developing countries. Animals that survive PPRV develop strong cellular and humoral responses, which are probably necessary for protection. Vaccination should thus aim at mimicking these natural responses. Immunization strategies against this morbillivirus using recombinant adenoviruses expressing PPRV-F or -H proteins can protect PPRV-challenged animals and permit differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. Little is known of the T cell repertoire these recombinant vaccines induce. In the present work, we identified several CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes in sheep infected with PPRV. We also show that recombinant adenovirus vaccination induced T cell responses to the same epitopes, and led to memory T cell differentiation. T cells primed by these recombinant adenovirus vaccines expanded after PPRV challenge and probably contributed to protection. These data validate the use of recombinant adenovirus expressing PPRV genes as DIVA strategies to control this highly contagious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Avia
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Pascual
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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