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Xie F, Kang L, Chen M, Zhang T, Li Z, Shao D, Li B, Wei J, Qiu Y, Li M, Ma Z, Liu K. Heat shock protein 71 restricts mutation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp2 in vitro. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102179. [PMID: 38636297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, is an important swine infectious disease that causes substantial losses worldwide each year. PRRSV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is highly susceptible to mutation and recombination, making vaccine and drug research for the disease extremely difficult. In this study, the binding of PRRSV nsp2 to HSP71 protein was detected by using the IP/MS technique. And the inhibitory effect of HSP71 on nsp2 antagonistic activity was validated by measuring NF-kB luciferase reporter. According to stress from inhibitory effects, the amino acid variation profile of PRRSV nsp2 under HSP71 stress was further analyzed using second-generation sequencing. Surprisingly, the results indicated that HSP71 pressure limits the random mutations of PRRSV nsp2 and maintains the dominant PRRSV strain within the population. Mutant strain showed weaker antagonistic activity and replication capability in cell. These results imply the binding of HSP71 with PRRSV nsp2 may lead to maintain the stability of highly virulent strains of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Lei Kang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, China.
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Kikuti M, Vilalta C, Sanhueza J, Pamornchainavakul N, Kevill J, Yang M, Paploski IAD, Lenskaia T, Odogwu NM, Kiehne R, VanderWaal K, Schroeder D, Corzo CA. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRSV2) Viral Diversity within a Farrow-to-Wean Farm Cohort Study. Viruses 2023; 15:1837. [PMID: 37766244 PMCID: PMC10535563 DOI: 10.3390/v15091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Describing PRRSV whole-genome viral diversity data over time within the host and within-farm is crucial for a better understanding of viral evolution and its implications. A cohort study was conducted at one naïve farrow-to-wean farm reporting a PRRSV outbreak. All piglets 3-5 days of age (DOA) born to mass-exposed sows through live virus inoculation with the recently introduced wild-type virus two weeks prior were sampled and followed up at 17-19 DOA. Samples from 127 piglets were individually tested for PRRSV by RT-PCR and 100 sequences were generated using Oxford Nanopore Technologies chemistry. Female piglets had significantly higher median Ct values than males (15.5 vs. 13.7, Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.001) at 3-5 DOA. A 52.8% mortality between sampling points was found, and the odds of dying by 17-19 DOA decreased with every one unit increase in Ct values at 3-5 DOA (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.94, p = 0.01). Although the within-pig percent nucleotide identity was overall high (99.7%) between 3-5 DOA and 17-19 DOA samples, ORFs 4 and 5a showed much lower identities (97.26% and 98.53%, respectively). When looking solely at ORF5, 62% of the sequences were identical to the 3-5 DOA consensus. Ten and eight regions showed increased nucleotide and amino acid genetic diversity, respectively, all found throughout ORFs 2a/2b, 4, 5a/5, 6, and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Carles Vilalta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Sanhueza
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 02950, Chile
| | - Nakarin Pamornchainavakul
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Jessica Kevill
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - My Yang
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Tatiana Lenskaia
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Nkechi M. Odogwu
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Ross Kiehne
- Swine Vet Center P.A., St. Peter, MN 56082, USA;
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Declan Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
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Kikuti M, Paploski IAD, Pamornchainavakul N, Picasso-Risso C, Schwartz M, Yeske P, Leuwerke B, Bruner L, Murray D, Roggow BD, Thomas P, Feldmann L, Allerson M, Hensch M, Bauman T, Sexton B, Rovira A, VanderWaal K, Corzo CA. Emergence of a New Lineage 1C Variant of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 in the United States. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:752938. [PMID: 34733906 PMCID: PMC8558496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.752938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an ongoing regional outbreak of an emerging porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV2) variant within Lineage 1C affecting 154 breeding and grow-finishing sites in the Midwestern U.S. Transmission seemed to have occurred in two waves, with the first peak of weekly cases occurring between October and December 2020 and the second starting in April 2021. Most of cases occurred within a 120 km radius. Both orf5 and whole genome sequencing results suggest that this represents the emergence of a new variant within Lineage 1C distinct from what has been previously circulating. A case-control study was conducted with 50 cases (sites affected with the newly emerged variant) and 58 controls (sites affected with other PRRSV variants) between October and December 2020. Sites that had a market vehicle that was not exclusive to the production system had 0.04 times the odds of being a case than a control. A spatial cluster (81.42 km radius) with 1.68 times higher the number of cases than controls was found. The average finishing mortality within the first 4 weeks after detection was higher amongst cases (4.50%) than controls (0.01%). The transmission of a highly similar virus between different farms carrying on trough spring rises concerns for the next high transmission season of PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Igor A D Paploski
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Nakarin Pamornchainavakul
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Catalina Picasso-Risso
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Schwartz Farms Inc., Sleepy Eye, MN, United States
| | - Paul Yeske
- Swine Vet Center, St. Peter, MN, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Pete Thomas
- Iowa Select Farms, Iowa Falls, IA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Cesar A Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 in the United States of America from 2010 to 2018. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108486. [PMID: 31767088 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) was first detected in the United States of America (USA) in 1999, several strains were also recognized soon later, and these isolates are typically called North American (NA) PRRSV-1. However, few reports have characterized PRRSV-1 viruses in the USA. We explored the genetic characteristics and diversity of PRRSV-1 viruses circulating in the USA. PRRSV-1 PCR-positive samples collected from seven states in 2010-2018 (n = 27) were subjected to next-generation sequencing. The 27 PRRSV-1 viruses had 88.4-91.3% nucleotide identity to the PRRSV-1 Lelystad-virus strain (the type 1 prototype strain) and 87.4-89.8% to the previously reported NA PRRSV-1 viruses. Individual proteins had several unique genetic characteristics and only one of the 27 tested samples had the characteristic 17-amino acid (aa) deletion in Nsp2, a genetic marker of NA PRRSV-1 viruses described previously. Fourteen isolates displayed a 3-aa C-terminal truncation in the highly conserved Nsp12 gene; 16 samples had a 21- or 18-aa C-terminal truncation in GP3 gene; and one was observed with a 1-aa deletion at the overlapping region of GP3 and GP4. In addition, the GP5 protein in most isolates, excluding one exception, demonstrated similar genetic variation as other reported NA PRRSV-1 isolates. All tested isolates clustered within subtype 1 together with other available NA PRRSV-1 viruses. Collectively, our results provide up-to-date information on PRRSV-1 viruses circulating in the USA in the past 9 years although the number of PRRSV-1 isolates included in this study is limited. These PRRSV-1 viruses have undergone gradual genetic variation and exhibited some previously undescribed genetic characteristics and diversity, which complicates the diagnosis and control of NA PRRSV-1.
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Rowland RR, Lunney JK. Alternative strategies for the control and elimination of PRRS. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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