1
|
Job AM, Doran KS, Spencer BL. A group B streptococcal type VII-secreted LXG toxin mediates interbacterial competition and colonization of the murine female genital tract. mBio 2024:e0208824. [PMID: 39189749 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02088-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) asymptomatically colonizes the vagina but can opportunistically ascend to the uterus and be transmitted vertically during pregnancy, resulting in neonatal pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. GBS is a leading etiologic agent of neonatal infection and understanding the mechanisms by which GBS persists within the polymicrobial female genital mucosa has the potential to mitigate subsequent transmission and disease. Type VIIb secretion systems (T7SSb) are encoded by Bacillota and often mediate interbacterial competition using LXG toxins that contain conserved N-termini important for secretion and variable C-terminal toxin domains that confer diverse biochemical activities. Our recent work characterized a role for the GBS T7SSb in vaginal colonization and ascending infection but the mechanisms by which the T7SSb promotes GBS persistence in this polymicrobial niche remain unknown. Herein, we investigate the GBS T7SS in interbacterial competition and GBS niche establishment in the female genital tract. We demonstrate GBS T7SS-dependent inhibition of mucosal pathobiont Enterococcus faecalis both in vitro using predator-prey assays and in vivo in the murine genital tract and found that a GBS LXG protein encoded within the T7SS locus (herein named group B streptococcal LXG Toxin A) contributes to these phenotypes. We identify BltA as a T7SS substrate that is toxic to E. coli and S. aureus upon induction of intracellular expression along with associated chaperones. Finally, we show that BltA and its chaperones contribute to GBS vaginal colonization. Altogether, these data reveal a role for a novel T7b-secreted toxin in GBS mucosal persistence and competition.IMPORTANCECompetition between neighboring, non-kin bacteria is essential for microbial niche establishment in mucosal environments. Gram-positive bacteria encoding T7SSb have been shown to engage in competition through the export of LXG-motif-containing toxins, but these have not been characterized in group B Streptococcus (GBS), an opportunistic colonizer of the polymicrobial female genital tract. Here, we show a role for GBS T7SS in competition with mucosal pathobiont Enterococcus faecalis, both in vitro and in vivo. We further find that a GBS LXG protein contributing to this antagonism is exported by the T7SS and is intracellularly toxic to other bacteria; therefore, we have named this protein group B streptococcal LXG Toxin A (BltA). Finally, we show that BltA and its associated chaperones promote persistence within female genital tract tissues, in vivo. These data reveal previously unrecognized mechanisms by which GBS may compete with other mucosal opportunistic pathogens to persist within the female genital tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyx M Job
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly S Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brady L Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Job AM, Doran KS, Spencer BL. A group B streptococcal type VII secreted LXG toxin mediates interbacterial competition and colonization of the female genital tract. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598350. [PMID: 38915665 PMCID: PMC11195062 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) asymptomatically colonizes the vagina but can opportunistically ascend to the uterus and be transmitted vertically during pregnancy, resulting in neonatal pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis. GBS is a leading etiologic agent of neonatal infection and understanding the mechanisms by which GBS persists within the polymicrobial female genital mucosa has potential to mitigate subsequent transmission and disease. Type VIIb secretion systems (T7SSb) are encoded by Firmicutes and often mediate interbacterial competition using LXG toxins that contain conserved N-termini important for secretion and variable C-terminal toxin domains that confer diverse biochemical activities. Our recent work characterized a role for the GBS T7SSb in vaginal colonization and ascending infection but the mechanisms by which the T7SSb promotes GBS persistence in this polymicrobial niche remain unknown. Herein, we investigate the GBS T7SS in interbacterial competition and GBS niche establishment in the female genital tract. We demonstrate GBS T7SS-dependent inhibition of mucosal pathobiont Enterococcus faecalis both in vitro using predator-prey assays and in vivo in the murine genital tract and found that a GBS LXG protein encoded within the T7SS locus (herein named group B streptococcal LXG Toxin A) that contributes to these phenotypes. We identify BltA as a T7SS substrate that is toxic to E. coli and S. aureus upon induction of expression along with associated chaperones. Finally, we show that BltA and its chaperones contribute to GBS vaginal colonization. Altogether, these data reveal a role for a novel T7b-secreted toxin in GBS mucosal persistence and competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyx M. Job
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brady L. Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang S, Zhang S, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yao H, Liu G. Combined Immunoinformatics to Design and Evaluate a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate against Streptococcus suis Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:137. [PMID: 38400121 PMCID: PMC10892848 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple serotypes, and thus, multivalent vaccines generating cross-protection against S. suis infections are urgently needed to improve animal welfare and reduce antibiotic abuse. In this study, we established a systematic and comprehensive epitope prediction pipeline based on immunoinformatics. Ten candidate epitopes were ultimately selected for building the multi-epitope vaccine (MVSS) against S. suis infections. The ten epitopes of MVSS were all derived from highly conserved, immunogenic, and virulence-associated surface proteins in S. suis. In silico analyses revealed that MVSS was structurally stable and affixed with immune receptors, indicating that it would likely trigger strong immunological reactions in the host. Furthermore, mice models demonstrated that MVSS elicited high titer antibodies and diminished damages in S. suis serotype 2 and Chz infection, significantly reduced sequelae, induced cytokine transcription, and decreased organ bacterial burdens after triple vaccination. Meanwhile, anti-rMVSS serum inhibited five important S. suis serotypes in vitro, exerted beneficial protective effects against S. suis infections and significantly reduced histopathological damage in mice. Given the above, it is possible to develop MVSS as a universal subunit vaccine against multiple serotypes of S. suis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shidan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spencer BL, Job AM, Robertson CM, Hameed ZA, Serchejian C, Wiafe-Kwakye CS, Mendonça JC, Apolonio MA, Nagao PE, Neely MN, Korotkova N, Korotkov KV, Patras KA, Doran KS. Heterogeneity of the group B streptococcal type VII secretion system and influence on colonization of the female genital tract. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:258-275. [PMID: 37357823 PMCID: PMC10527989 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Type VIIb secretion systems (T7SSb) in Gram-positive bacteria facilitate physiology, interbacterial competition, and/or virulence via EssC ATPase-driven secretion of small ɑ-helical proteins and toxins. Recently, we characterized T7SSb in group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading cause of infection in newborns and immunocompromised adults. GBS T7SS comprises four subtypes based on variation in the C-terminus of EssC and the repertoire of downstream effectors; however, the intraspecies diversity of GBS T7SS and impact on GBS-host interactions remains unknown. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that GBS T7SS loci encode subtype-specific putative effectors, which have low interspecies and inter-subtype homology but contain similar domains/motifs and therefore may serve similar functions. We further identify orphaned GBS WXG100 proteins. Functionally, we show that GBS T7SS subtype I and III strains secrete EsxA in vitro and that in subtype I strain CJB111, esxA1 appears to be differentially transcribed from the T7SS operon. Furthermore, we observe subtype-specific effects of GBS T7SS on host colonization, as CJB111 subtype I but not CNCTC 10/84 subtype III T7SS promotes GBS vaginal colonization. Finally, we observe that T7SS subtypes I and II are the predominant subtypes in clinical GBS isolates. This study highlights the potential impact of T7SS heterogeneity on host-GBS interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady L. Spencer
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alyx M. Job
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clare M. Robertson
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zainab A. Hameed
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camille Serchejian
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jéssica C. Mendonça
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Morgan A. Apolonio
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
- National Summer Undergraduate Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Prescilla E. Nagao
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melody N. Neely
- University of Maine, Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Natalia Korotkova
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Konstantin V. Korotkov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schindler Y, Rahav G, Nissan I, Valenci G, Ravins M, Hanski E, Ment D, Tekes-Manova D, Maor Y. Type VII secretion system and its effect on group B Streptococcus virulence in isolates obtained from newborns with early onset disease and colonized pregnant women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1168530. [PMID: 37545859 PMCID: PMC10400891 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1168530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction GBS may cause a devastating disease in newborns. In early onset disease of the newborn the bacteria are acquired from the colonized mother during delivery. We characterized type VII secretion system (T7SS), exporting small proteins of the WXG100 superfamily, in group B Streptococci (GBS) isolates from pregnant colonized women and newborns with early onset disease (EOD) to better understand T7SS contribution to virulence in these different clinical scenarios. Methods GBS genomes [N=33, 17 EOD isolates (serotype III/ST17) and 16 colonizing isolates (12 serotype VI/ST1, one serotype VI/ST19, one serotype VI/ST6, and two serotype 3/ST19)] were analyzed for presence of T7SS genes and genes encoding WXG100 proteins. We also perform bioinformatic analysis. Galleria mellonella larvae were used to compare virulence between colonizing, EOD, and mutant EOD isolates. The EOD isolate number 118659 (III/ST17) was used for knocking out the essC gene encoding a membrane-bound ATPase, considered the driver of T7SS. Results Most GBS T7SS loci encoded core component genes: essC, membrane-embedded proteins (essA; essB), modulators of T7SS activity (esaA; esaB; esaC) and effectors: [esxA (SAG1039); esxB (SAG1030)].Bioinformatic analysis indicated that based on sequence type (ST) the clinicalGBS isolates encode at least three distinct subtypes of T7SS machinery. In all ST1isolates we identified two copies of esxA gene (encoding putative WXG100proteins), when only 23.5% of the ST17 isolates harbored the esxA gene. Five ST17isolates encoded two copies of the essC gene. Orphaned WXG100 molecule(SAG0230), distinct from T7SS locus, were found in all tested strains, except inST17 strains where the locus was found in only 23.5% of the isolates. In ST6 andST19 isolates most of the structure T7SS genes were missing. EOD isolates demonstrated enhanced virulence in G. mellonella modelcompared to colonizing isolates. The 118659DessC strain was attenuated in itskilling ability, and the larvae were more effective in eradicating 118659DessC. Conclusions We demonstrated that T7SS plays a role during infection. Knocking out the essC gene, considered the driver of T7SS, decreased the virulence of ST17 responsible for EOD, causing them to be less virulent comparable to the virulence observed in colonizing isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Schindler
- Microbiology Laboratory, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bney Brak, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Israel Nissan
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health (Israel), Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Valenci
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health (Israel), Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Ravins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emanuel Hanski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dorit Tekes-Manova
- Microbiology Laboratory, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bney Brak, Israel
| | - Yasmin Maor
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spencer BL, Job AM, Robertson CM, Hameed ZA, Serchejian C, Wiafe-Kwakye CS, Mendonça JC, Apolonio MA, Nagao PE, Neely MN, Korotkova N, Korotkov KV, Patras KA, Doran KS. Heterogeneity of the group B streptococcal type VII secretion system and influence on colonization of the female genital tract. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525443. [PMID: 36747681 PMCID: PMC9900821 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Type VIIb secretion systems (T7SSb) in Gram-positive bacteria facilitate physiology, interbacterial competition, and/or virulence via EssC ATPase-driven secretion of small ɑ-helical proteins and toxins. Recently, we characterized T7SSb in group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading cause of infection in newborns and immunocompromised adults. GBS T7SS comprises four subtypes based on variation in the C-terminus of EssC and the repertoire of downstream effectors; however, the intra-species diversity of GBS T7SS and impact on GBS-host interactions remains unknown. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that GBS T7SS loci encode subtype-specific putative effectors, which have low inter-species and inter-subtype homology but contain similar domains/motifs and therefore may serve similar functions. We further identify orphaned GBS WXG100 proteins. Functionally, we show that GBS T7SS subtype I and III strains secrete EsxA in vitro and that in subtype I strain CJB111, esxA1 appears to be differentially transcribed from the T7SS operon. Further, we observe subtype-specific effects of GBS T7SS on host colonization, as subtype I but not subtype III T7SS promotes GBS vaginal persistence. Finally, we observe that T7SS subtypes I and II are the predominant subtypes in clinical GBS isolates. This study highlights the potential impact of T7SS heterogeneity on host-GBS interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady L. Spencer
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alyx M. Job
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clare M. Robertson
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zainab A. Hameed
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camille Serchejian
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jéssica C. Mendonça
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Morgan A. Apolonio
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
- National Summer Undergraduate Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Prescilla E. Nagao
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melody N. Neely
- University of Maine, Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Natalia Korotkova
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Konstantin V. Korotkov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- University of Colorado-Anschutz, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uruén C, García C, Fraile L, Tommassen J, Arenas J. How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments. Vet Res 2022; 53:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi Y, Zang N, Lou N, Xu Y, Sun J, Huang M, Zhang H, Lu H, Zhou C, Feng Y. Structure and mechanism for streptococcal fatty acid kinase (Fak) system dedicated to host fatty acid scavenging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3944. [PMID: 36054360 PMCID: PMC10848957 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, two groups of major human pathogens, are equipped with a fatty acid kinase (Fak) machinery to scavenge host fatty acids. The Fak complex is contains an ATP-binding subunit FakA, which interacts with varied FakB isoforms, and synthesizes acyl-phosphate from extracellular fatty acids. However, how FakA recognizes its FakB partners and then activates different fatty acids is poorly understood. Here, we systematically describe the Fak system from the zoonotic pathogen, Streptococcus suis. The crystal structure of SsFakA complexed with SsFakB2 was determined at 2.6 Å resolution. An in vitro system of Fak-PlsX (phosphate: acyl-ACP transacylase) was developed to track acyl-phosphate intermediate and its final product acyl-ACP. Structure-guided mutagenesis enabled us to characterize a mechanism for streptococcal FakA working with FakB partners engaged in host fatty acid scavenging. These findings offer a comprehensive description of the Fak kinase machinery, thus advancing the discovery of attractive targets against deadly infections with Streptococcus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ning Zang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ningjie Lou
- Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingdu Sun
- Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Man Huang
- Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Huijie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alves-Barroco C, Brito PH, Santos-Sanches I, Fernandes AR. Phylogenetic analysis and accessory genome diversity reveal insight into the evolutionary history of Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952110. [PMID: 35928143 PMCID: PMC9343751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is capable of infecting both humans and animals and causing a wide range of invasive and non-invasive infections. With two subspecies, the taxonomic status of subspecies of SD remains controversial. Subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is an important human pathogen, while subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strictly animal pathogen; however, occasional human infections by this subspecies have been reported in the last few years. Moreover, the differences between the adaptation of SDSD within humans and other animals are still unknown. In this work, we provide a phylogenomic analysis based on the single-copy core genome of 106 isolates from both the subspecies and different infected hosts (animal and human hosts). The accessory genome of this species was also analyzed for screening of genes that could be specifically involved with adaptation to different hosts. Additionally, we searched putatively adaptive traits among prophage regions to infer the importance of transduction in the adaptation of SD to different hosts. Core genome phylogenetic relationships segregate all human SDSE in a single cluster separated from animal SD isolates. The subgroup of bovine SDSD evolved from this later clade and harbors a specialized accessory genome characterized by the presence of specific virulence determinants (e.g., cspZ) and carbohydrate metabolic functions (e.g., fructose operon). Together, our results indicate a host-specific SD and the existence of an SDSD group that causes human–animal cluster infections may be due to opportunistic infections, and that the exact incidence of SDSD human infections may be underestimated due to failures in identification based on the hemolytic patterns. However, more detailed research into the isolation of human SD is needed to assess whether it is a carrier phenomenon or whether the species can be permanently integrated into the human microbiome, making it ready to cause opportunistic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Cinthia Alves-Barroco,
| | - Patrícia H. Brito
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Patrícia H. Brito,
| | - Ilda Santos-Sanches
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- Alexandra R. Fernandes,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spencer BL, Doran KS. Evolving understanding of the type VII secretion system in Gram-positive bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010680. [PMID: 35901012 PMCID: PMC9333272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brady L Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kelly S Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tran TT, Gomez Villegas S, Aitken SL, Butler-Wu SM, Soriano A, Werth BJ, Munita JM. New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Long-Acting Lipoglycopeptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0261420. [PMID: 35475634 PMCID: PMC9211417 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02614-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-acting lipoglycopeptides (LGPs) dalbavancin and oritavancin are semisynthetic antimicrobials with broad and potent activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. While they are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections, their pharmacological properties suggest a potential role of these agents for the treatment of deep-seated and severe infections, such as bloodstream and bone and joint infections. The use of these antimicrobials is particularly appealing when prolonged therapy, early discharge, and avoidance of long-term intravascular catheter access are desirable or when multidrug-resistant bacteria are suspected. This review describes the current evidence for the use of oritavancin and dalbavancin in the treatment of invasive infections, as well as the hurdles that are preventing their optimal use. Moreover, this review discusses the current knowledge gaps that need to be filled to understand the potential role of LGPs in highly needed clinical scenarios and the ongoing clinical studies that aim to address these voids in the upcoming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Truc T. Tran
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara Gomez Villegas
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel L. Aitken
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan M. Butler-Wu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Soriano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian J. Werth
- University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jose M. Munita
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Genomics & Resistant Microbes (GeRM) Group, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou K, Xie L, Xu X, Sun J. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Type VII Secretion System in Streptococcus agalactiae Indicates Its Possible Sequence Type-Dependent Diversity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:880943. [PMID: 35663471 PMCID: PMC9160427 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.880943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae causes sepsis and meningitis in neonates, presenting substantial clinical challenges. Type VII secretion system (T7SS), an important secretion system identified in Mycobacterium sp. and Gram-positive bacteria, was recently characterized in S. agalactiae and considered to contribute to its virulence and pathogenesis. In the present study, 128 complete genomic sequences of S. agalactiae were retrieved from GenBank to build a public dataset, and their sequences, capsular types, and clonal complexes were determined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening and genomic sequencing were conducted in an additional clinical dataset. STs and capsular types were determined using PCR. Eleven different types of T7SS were detected with similarities in gene order but differences in gene content. Strains with incomplete T7SS or lack of T7SS were also identified. Deletion, insertion, and segmentation of T7SS might be related to insertion sequences. The genetic environment of T7SS in S. agalactiae was also investigated and different patterns were identified downstream the T7SS, which were related to the diversity of T7SS putative effectors. The T7SS demonstrated possible sequence type (ST)-dependent diversity in both datasets. This work elucidated detailed genetic characteristics of T7SS and its genetic environment in S. agalactiae and further identified its possible ST-dependent diversity, which gave a clue of its mode of transmission. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and its functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Zhou
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianyan Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Xu, ; Jingyong Sun,
| | - Jingyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Xu, ; Jingyong Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang Z, Wu H, Bian C, Chen H, Shen Y, Gao X, Ma J, Yao H, Wang L, Wu Z. The antimicrobial systems of Streptococcus suis promote niche competition in pig tonsils. Virulence 2022; 13:781-793. [PMID: 35481413 PMCID: PMC9067509 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2069390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis can cause severe infections in pigs and humans. The tonsils of pigs are major niches for S. suis, and different serotypes of S. suis can be found in the same tonsil. Pig tonsil colonization by S. suis is believed to be an important source of infection for humans and pigs. However, how S. suis competes for a stable tonsil niche is unknown. Here, we found that S. suis strain WUSS351, isolated from a healthy pig tonsil, is virulent and multidrug-resistant. The ABC transporter system SstFEG, conferring resistance to bacitracin, was reported to confer a competitive survival advantage in vivo. In addition, strain WUSS351 has several antimicrobial systems, including a novel type VII secretion system (T7SS), lantibiotic bacteriocin, and lactococcin972-like bacteriocin Lcn351. Bacterial competition experiments demonstrated T7SS-mediated cell contact-dependent antagonism of S. suis. Antibacterial activity analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the culture-independent and culture-dependent pig tonsillar microbiome revealed that Lcn351 mainly targets S. suis, one of the core microbiomes in pig tonsils. Taken together, our results revealed the mechanism of the stable persistence of S. suis in the tonsil niche, which might have important implications for S. suis epidemiology, potentially influencing strain prevalence and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Bian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Shen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Specific Inhibition of VanZ-Mediated Resistance to Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010097. [PMID: 35008521 PMCID: PMC8744867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Teicoplanin is a natural lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with a similar activity spectrum as vancomycin; however, it has with the added benefit to the patient of low cytotoxicity. Both teicoplanin and vancomycin antibiotics are actively used in medical practice in the prophylaxis and treatment of severe life-threatening infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium difficile. The expression of vancomycin Z (vanZ), encoded either in the vancomycin A (vanA) glycopeptide antibiotic resistance gene cluster or in the genomes of E. faecium, as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae and C. difficile, was shown to specifically compromise the antibiotic efficiency through the inhibition of teicoplanin binding to the bacterial surface. However, the exact mechanisms of this action and protein structure remain unknown. In this study, the three-dimensional structure of VanZ from E. faecium EnGen0191 was predicted by using the I-TASSER web server. Based on the VanZ structure, a benzimidazole based ligand was predicted to bind to the VanZ by molecular docking. Importantly, this new ligand, named G3K, was further confirmed to specifically inhibit VanZ-mediated resistance to teicoplanin in vivo.
Collapse
|
15
|
Spencer BL, Tak U, Mendonça JC, Nagao PE, Niederweis M, Doran KS. A type VII secretion system in Group B Streptococcus mediates cytotoxicity and virulence. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010121. [PMID: 34871327 PMCID: PMC8675928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VII secretion systems (T7SS) have been identified in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes and have been shown to secrete effector proteins with functions in virulence, host toxicity, and/or interbacterial killing in a few genera. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that isolates of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) encode at least four distinct subtypes of T7SS machinery, three of which encode adjacent putative T7SS effectors with WXG and LXG motifs. However, the function of T7SS in GBS pathogenesis is unknown. Here we assessed the role of the most abundant GBS T7SS subtype during GBS pathogenesis. In a murine model of hematogenous meningitis, mice infected with GBS lacking a functional T7SS or lacking the secreted WXG100 effector EsxA exhibited less mortality, lower bacterial burdens in tissues, and decreased inflammation in the brain compared to mice infected with the parental GBS strain. We further showed that this T7SS induces cytotoxicity in brain endothelium and that EsxA contributes to these cytotoxicity phenotypes in a WXG motif-dependent manner. Finally, we determined that EsxA is a pore-forming protein, thus demonstrating the first role for a non-mycobacterial EsxA homolog in pore formation. This work reveals the importance of a T7SS in host–GBS interactions and has implications for T7SS effector function in other Gram-positive bacteria. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important human pathogen that is a leading cause of invasive disease in newborns and certain adult populations, including pregnant women, the elderly, and those with diabetes. During pregnancy, asymptomatically colonizing GBS in the female genital tract can be transmitted to the fetus or newborn and can result in neonatal meningitis upon GBS disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). GBS encodes a type VII secretion system (T7SS), which may allow export of proteins and/or toxins that promote BBB disruption; however, the GBS T7SS has not been studied. Here we show that GBS encodes four types of T7SSs and that the most prevalent subtype is important for GBS meningitis progression, possibly by inducing inflammation and cell death in the brain. We also show that a secreted T7SS effector protein, EsxA, contributes to GBS pathogenesis and can form pores in lipid membranes. This is the first demonstration of EsxA-mediated pore-formation in Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady L. Spencer
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Uday Tak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Microbiology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jéssica C. Mendonça
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Prescilla E. Nagao
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michael Niederweis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Microbiology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Q, Fei X, Zhang Y, Guo G, Shi H, Zhang W. The biological role of MutT in the pathogenesis of the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Virulence 2021; 12:1538-1549. [PMID: 34077309 PMCID: PMC8183525 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1936770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important rising pathogen that causes serious diseases in humans and pigs. Although some putative virulence factors of S. suis have been identified, its pathogenic mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we identified a putative virulence-associated factor MutT, which is unique to S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) virulent strains. To investigate the biological roles of MutT in the SS2 virulent strain ZY05719, the mutT knockout mutant (ΔmutT) was generated and used to explore the phenotypic and virulent variations between the parental and ΔmutT strains. We found that the mutT mutation significantly inhibited cell growth ability, shortened the chain length, and displayed a high susceptibility to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, this study revealed that MutT induced the adhesion and invasion of SS2 to host cells. Deletion of mutT increased microbial clearance in host tissues of the infected mice. Sequence alignment results suggested that mutT was encoded in a strain-specific manner, in which the detection was strongly linked to bacterial pathogenicity. In both zebrafish and mice infection models, the virulence of ΔmutT was largely reduced compared with that of ZY05719. Overall, this study provides compelling evidence that MutT is indispensable for the virulence of SS2 and highlights the biological role of MutT in bacteria pathogenesis during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Fei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genglin Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aradanas M, Poljak Z, Fittipaldi N, Ricker N, Farzan A. Serotypes, Virulence-Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus suis Isolates Recovered From Sick and Healthy Pigs Determined by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:742345. [PMID: 34796225 PMCID: PMC8593187 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.742345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is ubiquitous in swine, and yet, only a small percentage of pigs become clinically ill. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of serotypes, virulence-associated factor (VAF), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in S. suis isolates recovered from systemic (blood, meninges, spleen, and lymph node) and non-systemic (tonsil, nasal cavities, ileum, and rectum) sites of sick and healthy pigs using whole-genome sequencing. In total, 273 S. suis isolates recovered from 112 pigs (47 isolates from systemic and 136 from non-systemic sites of 65 sick pigs; 90 isolates from non-systemic sites of 47 healthy pigs) on 17 Ontario farms were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Using in silico typing, 21 serotypes were identified with serotypes 9 (13.9%) and 2 (8.4%) as the most frequent serotypes, whereas 53 (19.4%) isolates remained untypable. The relative frequency of VAF genes in isolates from systemic (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001) and non-systemic (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001) sites in sick pigs was higher compared with isolates from non-systemic sites in healthy pigs. Although many VAF genes were abundant in all isolates, three genes, including dltA [Fisher's test (FT), p < 0.001], luxS (FT, p = 0.01), and troA (FT, p = 0.02), were more prevalent in isolates recovered from systemic sites compared with non-systemic sites of pigs. Among the isolates, 98% had at least one AMR gene, and 79% had genes associated with at least four drug classes. The most frequently detected AMR genes were tetO conferring resistance to tetracycline and ermB conferring resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin. The wide distribution of VAFs genes in S. suis isolates in this study suggests that other host and environmental factors may contribute to S. suis disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maverick Aradanas
- Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vimberg V, Buriánková K, Mazumdar A, Branny P, Novotná GB. Role of membrane proteins in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1023-1036. [PMID: 34796517 DOI: 10.1002/med.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including the novel semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotics telavancin, dalbavancin, and oritavancin, have been approved for clinical use to address the growing problem of multiple antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these antibiotics has already been compromised. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to the increased clinical use of all antibiotics, further promoting the development of bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is critical to gain a deeper understanding of the role of resistance mechanisms to minimize the consequential risks of long-term antibiotic use and misuse. Here, we summarize for the first time the current knowledge of resistance mechanisms that have been shown to cause resistance to clinically used AMPs, with particular focus on membrane proteins that have been reported to interfere with the activity of AMPs by affecting the binding of AMPs to bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vimberg
- Laboratory for Biology of Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karolína Buriánková
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aninda Mazumdar
- Laboratory for Biology of Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Branny
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gabriela B Novotná
- Laboratory for Biology of Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dechêne-Tempier M, Marois-Créhan C, Libante V, Jouy E, Leblond-Bourget N, Payot S. Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081765. [PMID: 34442843 PMCID: PMC8401462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides. Most of the resistance mechanisms are encoded by antibiotic resistance genes, and a large part are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be transferred through horizontal gene transfer. This review provides an update of the resistance genes, their combination in multidrug isolates, and their localization on MGEs in S. suis. It also includes an overview of the contribution of biofilm to antimicrobial resistance in this bacterial species. The identification of resistance genes and study of their localization in S. suis as well as the environmental factors that can modulate their dissemination appear essential in order to decipher the role of this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic genes for other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | - Virginie Libante
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alves-Barroco C, Caço J, Roma-Rodrigues C, Fernandes AR, Bexiga R, Oliveira M, Chambel L, Tenreiro R, Mato R, Santos-Sanches I. New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686413. [PMID: 34335512 PMCID: PMC8319831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strict animal pathogen. Nevertheless, the recent reports of human infections suggest a niche expansion for this subspecies, which may be a consequence of the virulence gene acquisition that increases its pathogenicity. Previous studies reported the presence of virulence genes of Streptococcus pyogenes phages among bovine SDSD (collected in 2002-2003); however, the identity of these mobile genetic elements remains to be clarified. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the SDSD isolates collected in 2011-2013 and compare them with SDSD isolates collected in 2002-2003 and pyogenic streptococcus genomes available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, including human SDSD and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) strains to track temporal shifts on bovine SDSD genotypes. The very close genetic relationships between humans SDSD and SDSE were evident from the analysis of housekeeping genes, while bovine SDSD isolates seem more divergent. The results showed that all bovine SDSD harbor Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas IIA system. The widespread presence of this system among bovine SDSD isolates, high conservation of repeat sequences, and the polymorphism observed in spacer can be considered indicators of the system activity. Overall, comparative analysis shows that bovine SDSD isolates carry speK, speC, speL, speM, spd1, and sdn virulence genes of S. pyogenes prophages. Our data suggest that these genes are maintained over time and seem to be exclusively a property of bovine SDSD strains. Although the bovine SDSD genomes characterized in the present study were not sequenced, the data set, including the high homology of superantigens (SAgs) genes between bovine SDSD and S. pyogenes strains, may indicate that events of horizontal genetic transfer occurred before habitat separation. All bovine SDSD isolates were negative for genes of operon encoding streptolysin S, except for sagA gene, while the presence of this operon was detected in all SDSE and human SDSD strains. The data set of this study suggests that the separation between the subspecies "dysgalactiae" and "equisimilis" should be reconsidered. However, a study including the most comprehensive collection of strains from different environments would be required for definitive conclusions regarding the two taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Caço
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lélia Chambel
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício TecLabs, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rogério Tenreiro
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício TecLabs, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosario Mato
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ilda Santos-Sanches
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alves-Barroco C, Rivas-García L, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Tackling Multidrug Resistance in Streptococci - From Novel Biotherapeutic Strategies to Nanomedicines. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:579916. [PMID: 33123110 PMCID: PMC7573253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyogenic streptococci group includes pathogenic species for humans and other animals and has been associated with enduring morbidity and high mortality. The main reason for the treatment failure of streptococcal infections is the increased resistance to antibiotics. In recent years, infectious diseases caused by pyogenic streptococci resistant to multiple antibiotics have been raising with a significant impact to public health and veterinary industry. The rise of antibiotic-resistant streptococci has been associated to diverse mechanisms, such as efflux pumps and modifications of the antimicrobial target. Among streptococci, antibiotic resistance emerges from previously sensitive populations as result of horizontal gene transfer or chromosomal point mutations due to excessive use of antimicrobials. Streptococci strains are also recognized as biofilm producers. The increased resistance of biofilms to antibiotics among streptococci promote persistent infection, which comprise circa 80% of microbial infections in humans. Therefore, to overcome drug resistance, new strategies, including new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents, have been studied. Interestingly, the use of systems based on nanoparticles have been applied to tackle infection and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. Herein, we present a synopsis of mechanisms associated to drug resistance in (pyogenic) streptococci and discuss some innovative strategies as alternative to conventional antibiotics, such as bacteriocins, bacteriophage, and phage lysins, and metal nanoparticles. We shall provide focused discussion on the advantages and limitations of agents considering application, efficacy and safety in the context of impact to the host and evolution of bacterial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vimberg V, Zieglerová L, Buriánková K, Branny P, Balíková Novotná G. VanZ Reduces the Binding of Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:566. [PMID: 32318043 PMCID: PMC7146870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
vanZ, a member of the VanA glycopeptide resistance gene cluster, confers resistance to lipoglycopeptide antibiotics independent of cell wall precursor modification by the vanHAX genes. Orthologs of vanZ are present in the genomes of many clinically relevant bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, vanZ genes are absent in Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we show that the expression of enterococcal vanZ paralogs in S. aureus increases the minimal inhibitory concentrations of lipoglycopeptide antibiotics teicoplanin, dalbavancin, oritavancin and new teicoplanin pseudoaglycone derivatives. The reduction in the binding of fluorescently labeled teicoplanin to the cells suggests the mechanism of VanZ-mediated resistance. In addition, using a genomic vanZ gene knockout mutant of S. pneumoniae, we have shown that the ability of VanZ proteins to compromise the activity of lipoglycopeptide antibiotics by reducing their binding is a more general feature of VanZ-superfamily proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vimberg
- Laboratory for Biology of Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Leona Zieglerová
- Laboratory for Biology of Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karolína Buriánková
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Branny
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Balíková Novotná
- Laboratory for Biology of Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chromosomal Conjugative and Mobilizable Elements in Streptococcus suis: Major Actors in the Spreading of Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacteriocin Synthesis Genes. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010022. [PMID: 31881744 PMCID: PMC7168690 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen suspected to be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. The genomes of 214 strains of 27 serotypes were screened for AMR genes and chromosomal Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs), in particular Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICEs) and Integrative Mobilizable Elements (IMEs). The functionality of two ICEs that host IMEs carrying AMR genes was investigated by excision tests and conjugation experiments. In silico search revealed 416 ICE-related and 457 IME-related elements. These MGEs exhibit an impressive diversity and plasticity with tandem accretions, integration of ICEs or IMEs inside ICEs and recombination between the elements. All of the detected 393 AMR genes are carried by MGEs. As previously described, ICEs are major vehicles of AMR genes in S. suis. Tn5252-related ICEs also appear to carry bacteriocin clusters. Furthermore, whereas the association of IME-AMR genes has never been described in S. suis, we found that most AMR genes are actually carried by IMEs. The autonomous transfer of an ICE to another bacterial species (Streptococcus thermophilus)-leading to the cis-mobilization of an IME carrying tet(O)-was obtained. These results show that besides ICEs, IMEs likely play a major role in the dissemination of AMR genes in S. suis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu R, Liu G, Yao H, Pan Z. Bacitracin resistance and enhanced virulence of Streptococcus suis via a novel efflux pump. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:377. [PMID: 31660968 PMCID: PMC6819616 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is a prominent pathogen causing septicemia and meningitis in swine and humans. Bacitracin is used widely as a growth promoter in animal feed and to control the spread of necrotic enteritis in most developing countries. This study aimed to characterize a novel membrane transporter module Sst comprising SstE, SstF, and SstG for bacitracin resistance. Results Comparative genomics and protein homology analysis found a potential efflux pump SstFEG encoded upstream of well-known bacitracin-resistance genes bceAB and bceRS. A four-fold decrease in bacitracin susceptibility was observed in sstFEG deletion mutant comparing with S. suis wildtype strain CZ130302. Further studies indicated that the bacitracin tolerance mediated by SstFEG is not only independent of the BceAB transporter, but also regulated by the two-component system BceSR. Given that SstFEG are harbored by almost all virulent strains, but not in the avirulent strains, we managed to explore its potential role in bacterial pathogencity. Indeed, our results showed that SstFEG is involved in S. suis colonization and virulence in animal infection model by its potential competitive survival advantage against host bactericidal effect. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to functionally characterize the bacitracin efflux pump in S. suis to provide evidence regarding the important roles of the novel ABC transporter system SstFEG with respect to drug resistance and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Runxia Liu
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Auger JP, Boa AC, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Antigen I/II Participates in the Interactions of Streptococcus suis Serotype 9 With Phagocytes and the Development of Systemic Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:124. [PMID: 31069179 PMCID: PMC6491464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and a zoonotic agent causing a variety of pathologies including sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. Though serotype 2 is the most studied serotype due to its presence worldwide, serotype 9 is responsible for the greatest number of porcine cases in Spain, the Netherlands, and Germany. Regardless of its increasing importance, very few studies have investigated S. suis serotype 9 virulence factors and pathogenesis. Antigens I/II (AgI/II) are multimodal adhesion proteins implicated in host respiratory tract and oral cavity persistence of various pathogenic human streptococci. It was recently demonstrated that AgI/II is involved in various bacterial functions for serotype 9, participating in the initial steps of the pathogenesis of the infection. However, its contribution to the systemic infection remains unknown. As such, we evaluated herein the role of the S. suis serotype 9 AgI/II in the interactions with phagocytes and the development of systemic disease in a mouse model of infection. Results demonstrated that the presence of AgI/II is important for the development of clinical systemic disease by promoting bacterial survival in blood possibly due to its effect on S. suis phagocytosis, as shown with macrophages and dendritic cells. Furthermore, AgI/II directly participates in dendritic cell activation and pro-inflammatory mediator production following recognition by the Toll-like receptor pathway, which may contribute to the exacerbated systemic inflammation responsible for host death. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the S. suis serotype 9 AgI/II is important for virulence during systemic infection and development of disease. In fact, this is the first study to describe a role of an AgI/II family member in systemic bacterial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Auger
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Anaïs-Christelle Boa
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dai J, Lai L, Tang H, Wang W, Wang S, Lu C, Yao H, Fan H, Wu Z. Streptococcus suis synthesizes deoxyadenosine and adenosine by 5'-nucleotidase to dampen host immune responses. Virulence 2019; 9:1509-1520. [PMID: 30221577 PMCID: PMC6177238 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1520544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major porcine bacterial pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent. S. suis 5ʹ-nucleotidase is able to convert adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, resulting in inhibiting neutrophil functions in vitro and it is an important virulence factor. Here, we show that S. suis 5ʹ-nucleotidase not only enables producing 2ʹ-deoxyadenosine from 2ʹ-deoxyadenosine monophosphate by the enzymatic assay and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis in vitro, but also synthesizes both 2ʹ-deoxyadenosine and adenosine in mouse blood in vivo by RP-HPLC and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Cellular cytotoxicity assay and Western blot analysis indicated that the production of 2ʹ-deoxyadenosine by 5ʹ-nucleotidase triggered the death of mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 in a caspase-3-dependent way. The in vivo infection experiment showed that 2ʹ-deoxyadenosine synthesized by 5ʹ-nucleotidase caused monocytopenia in mouse blood. The in vivo transcriptome analysis in mouse blood showed the inhibitory effect of 5ʹ-nucleotidase on neutrophil functions and immune responses probably mediated through the generation of adenosine. Taken together, these findings indicate that S. suis synthesizes 2ʹ-deoxyadenosine and adenosine by 5ʹ-nucleotidase to dampen host immune responses, which represents a new mechanism of S. suis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Dai
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| | - Liying Lai
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| | - Weixue Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| | - Shuoyue Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| | - Chengping Lu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| | - Huochun Yao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,d Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , China.,c OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing , China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Issa E, Salloum T, Panossian B, Ayoub D, Abboud E, Tokajian S. Genome Mining and Comparative Analysis of Streptococcus intermedius Causing Brain Abscess in a Child. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010022. [PMID: 30781742 PMCID: PMC6471051 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius (SI) is associated with prolonged hospitalization and low survival rates. The genetic mechanisms involved in brain abscess development and genome evolution in comparison to other members of the Streptococcus anginosus group are understudied. We performed a whole-genome comparative analysis of an SI isolate, LAU_SINT, associated with brain abscess following sinusitis with all SI genomes in addition to S. constellatus and S. anginosus. Selective pressure on virulence factors, phages, pan-genome evolution and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis were assessed. The structural details of the type seven secretion system (T7SS) was elucidated and compared with different organisms. ily and nanA were both abundant and conserved. Nisin resistance determinants were found in 47% of the isolates. Pan-genome and SNPs-based analysis didn’t reveal significant geo-patterns. Our results showed that two SC isolates were misidentified as SI. We propose the presence of four T7SS modules (I–IV) located on various genomic islands. We detected a variety of factors linked to metal ions binding on the GIs carrying T7SS. This is the first detailed report characterizing the T7SS and its link to nisin resistance and metal ions binding in SI. These and yet uncharacterized T7SS transmembrane proteins merit further studies and could represent potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Issa
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 36, Lebanon.
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 36, Lebanon.
| | - Balig Panossian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 36, Lebanon.
| | - David Ayoub
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Middle East Institute of Health University Hospital, Beirut 60-387, Lebanon.
| | - Edmond Abboud
- Laboratory Department, the Middle East Institute of Health University Hospital, Beirut 60-387, Lebanon.
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 36, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu Y, Dong W, Ma J, Zhang Y, Pan Z, Yao H. Utilization of the ComRS system for the rapid markerless deletion of chromosomal genes in Streptococcus suis. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:207-222. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a markerless gene deletion strategy in Streptococcus suis to solve the problem that several serotypes against electrotransformation of foreign DNA. Materials & methods: Bioinformatics retrieval was performed to identified ComRS systems functioning for natural transformation. A sacB-spc cassette with the upper and lower homologous fragments was amplification by fusion-PCR for spectinomycin-positive and sucrose-negative selection during gene deletion. Results & conclusion: Three phylogenetic clusters of ComR were identified to function for natural transformation by specific recognition to competence pheromone in S. suis. Thus, they were employed to establish gene deletion method. Its efficiency for genetic replacement was dependent on the length of homologs fragment and the concentration of donor DNA. This rapid gene-editing technique may greatly facilitate molecular studies on S. suis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenyang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu Y, Hu Q, Wei R, Li R, Zhao D, Ge M, Yao Q, Yu X. The XRE Family Transcriptional Regulator SrtR in Streptococcus suis Is Involved in Oxidant Tolerance and Virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:452. [PMID: 30687648 PMCID: PMC6335249 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that harbors anti-oxidative stress genes, which have been reported to be associated with virulence. Serial passage has been widely used to obtain phenotypic variant strains to investigate the functions of important genes. In the present study, S. suis serotype 9 strain DN13 was serially passaged in mice 30 times. The virulence of a single colony from passage 10 (SS9-P10) was found to increase by at least 140-fold as indicated by LD50 values, and the increased virulence was stable for single colonies from passage 20 (SS0-P20) and 30 (SS0-P30). Compared to the parental strain, the mouse-adapted strains were more tolerant to oxidative and high temperature stress. Genome-wide analysis of nucleotide variations found that reverse mutations occurred in seven genes, as indicated by BLAST analysis. Three of the reverse mutation genes or their homologs in other bacteria were reported to be virulence-associated, including ideSsuis in S. suis, a homolog of malR of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and a homolog of the prepilin peptidase-encoding gene in Legionella pneumophila. However, these genes were not involved in the stress response. Another gene, srtR (stress response transcriptional regulator), encoding an XRE family transcriptional regulator, which had an internal stop in the parental strain, was functionally restored in the adapted strains. Further analysis of DN13 and SS9-P10-background srtR-knock-out and complementing strains supported the contribution of this gene to stress tolerance in vitro and virulence in mice. srtR and its homologs are widely distributed in Gram-positive bacteria including several important human pathogens such as Enterococcus faecium and Clostridioides difficile, indicating similar functions in these bacteria. Taken together, our study identified the first member of the XRE family of transcriptional regulators that is involved in stress tolerance and virulence. It also provides insight into the mechanism of enhanced virulence after serial passage in experimental animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Runcheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinglong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tavares GC, Pereira FL, Barony GM, Rezende CP, da Silva WM, de Souza GHMF, Verano-Braga T, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Leal CAG, Figueiredo HCP. Delineation of the pan-proteome of fish-pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae strains using a label-free shotgun approach. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:11. [PMID: 30616502 PMCID: PMC6323687 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is a major pathogen of Nile tilapia, a global commodity of the aquaculture sector. The aims of this study were to evaluate protein expression in the main genotypes of GBS isolated from diseased fishes in Brazil using a label-free shotgun nano-liquid chromatography-ultra definition mass spectrometry (nanoLC-UDMSE) approach and to compare the differential abundance of proteins identified in strains isolated from GBS-infected fishes and humans. RESULTS A total of 1070 protein clusters were identified by nanoLC-UDMSE in 5 fish-adapted GBS strains belonging to sequence types ST-260 and ST-927 and the non-typeable (NT) lineage and 1 human GBS strain (ST-23). A total of 1065 protein clusters corresponded to the pan-proteome of fish-adapted GBS strains; 989 of these were identified in all fish-adapted GBS strains (core proteome), and 62 were shared by at least two strains (accessory proteome). Proteins involved in the stress response and in the regulation of gene expression, metabolism and virulence were detected, reflecting the adaptive ability of fish-adapted GBS strains in response to stressor factors that affect bacterial survival in the aquatic environment and bacterial survival and multiplication inside the host cell. Measurement of protein abundance among different hosts showed that 5 and 26 proteins were exclusively found in the human- and fish-adapted GBS strains, respectively; the proteins exclusively identified in fish isolates were mainly related to virulence factors. Furthermore, 215 and 269 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the fish-adapted GBS strains in comparison to the human isolate. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the core proteome of fish-adapted GBS strains is conserved and demonstrated high similarity of the proteins expressed by fish-adapted strains to the proteome of the human GBS strain. This high degree of proteome conservation of different STs suggests that, a monovalent vaccine may be effective against these variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Campos Tavares
- AQUACEN - National Reference Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Luiz Pereira
- AQUACEN - National Reference Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Morais Barony
- AQUACEN - National Reference Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Perdigão Rezende
- AQUACEN - National Reference Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal
- AQUACEN - National Reference Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique César Pereira Figueiredo
- AQUACEN - National Reference Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,School of Veterinary, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pan Y, An H, Fu T, Zhao S, Zhang C, Xiao G, Zhang J, Zhao X, Hu G. Characterization of Streptococcus pluranimalium from a cattle with mastitis by whole genome sequencing and functional validation. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:182. [PMID: 30419812 PMCID: PMC6233522 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pluranimalium is a new member of the Streptococcus genus isolated from multiple different animal hosts. It has been identified as a pathogen associated with subclinical mastitis, valvular endocarditis and septicaemia in animals. Moreover, this bacterium has emerged as a new pathogen for human infective endocarditis and brain abscess. However, the patho-biological properties of S. pluranimalium remain virtually unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the complete genome sequence of S. pluranimalium strain TH11417 isolated from a cattle with mastitis, and to characterize its antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and carbon catabolism. Results The genome of S. pluranimalium TH11417, determined by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, consists of 2,065,522 base pair (bp) with a G + C content of 38.65%, 2,007 predicted coding sequence (CDS), 58 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and five ribosome RNA (rRNA) operons. It contains a novel ISSpl1 element (a memeber of the IS3 family) and a Ф11417.1 prophage that carries the mef(A), msr(D) and lnu(C) genes. Consistently, our antimicrobial susceptibility test confirmed that S. pluranimalium TH11417 was resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin. However, this strain did not show virulence in murine pneumonia (intranasal inoculation, 107 colony forming unit – CFU) and sepsis (intraperitoneal inoculation, 107 CFU) models. Additionally, this strain is able to grow with glucose, lactose or galactose as the sole carbon source, and possesses a lactose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). Conclusions We reported the first whole genome sequence of S. pluranimalium isolated from a cattle with mastitis. It harbors a prophage carrying the mef(A), msr(D) and lnu(C) genes, and is avirulent in the murine infection model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Haoran An
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengwang Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Genhui Xiao
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingren Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gongzheng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A functional and genetic overview of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus plantarum. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
33
|
Characterization and functional analysis of PnuC that is involved in the oxidative stress tolerance and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Vet Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
34
|
Zheng H, Du P, Qiu X, Kerdsin A, Roy D, Bai X, Xu J, Vela AI, Gottschalk M. Genomic comparisons of Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strains recovered from diseased pigs in Spain and Canada. Vet Res 2018; 49:1. [PMID: 29316972 PMCID: PMC5759227 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in the porcine industry and also a zoonotic agent. Serotype 9 is becoming one of the most prevalent serotypes within the S. suis population in certain European countries. In the present study, serotype 9 strains isolated from a country where infection due to this serotype is endemic (Spain), were compared to those recovered from Canada, where this serotype is rarely isolated from diseased pigs. For comparison purposes, strains from Brazil and the only strain isolated from a human case, in Thailand, were also incorporated. Firstly, sequence types (STs) were obtained followed by detection of putative virulence factors. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the non-recombinant single nucleotide polymorphisms from core genomes of tested strains. Most Spanish strains were either ST123 or ST125, whereas Canadian strains were highly heterogeneous. However, the distribution of putative virulence factors was similar in both groups of strains. The fact that ST16 strains harbored more putative virulence genes and shared greater similarity with the genome of human serotype 2 strains suggests that they present a higher zoonotic and virulence potential than those from Canada and Spain. More than 80% of the strains included in this study carried genes associated with resistance to tetracycline, lincosamides and macrolides. Serotype 9 strains may be nearly 400 years old and have evolved in parallel into 2 lineages. The rapid population expansion of dominant lineage 1 occurred within the last 40 years probably due to the rapid development of the porcine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Pengchen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Bangkok, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - David Roy
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xuemei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Ana I Vela
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|