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Stępień-Pyśniak D, Dec M, Hauschild T, Kursa O, Marek A, Wilczyński J, Brzeski M. Case reports involving coinfection with Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler chickens and Avibacterium endocarditis in broiler breeding hens in Poland. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:291-302. [PMID: 38385975 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2323029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe study describes three clinical cases of infection with Avibacterium spp.. In case no. 1, respiratory clinical signs and high mortality (0.7-4.2% daily; total 21.2%) in Ross 308 broiler chickens were shown to be caused by coinfection with sequence type 9 of O. rhinotracheale presumptive serotype A and A. paragallinarum presumptive serotype B. The identical (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) restriction pattern (pulsotype) of seven A. paragallinarum isolates indicated that infectious coryza in broilers was caused by the same clone. In cases 2 and 3, sudden increased deaths in Ross 308 broiler breeders (especially males) with lesions in the endocardium (valvular or mural endocarditis) were shown to be caused by A. endocarditis. Among nine antibiotics tested, florfenicol was the only antibiotic to which all A. paragallinarum and O. rhinotracheale isolates were susceptible. Out of the eight antibiotics tested, 11 A. endocarditis isolates from both clinical cases of infective endocarditis were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, doxycycline and florfenicol. The A. endocarditis isolates tested in both clinical cases had different PFGE patterns (pulsotypes), but identical within a case. The causes of infectious coryza and infective endocarditis in the cases presented have not been determined. In the prevention of infectious diseases in large-scale livestock farming, it is very important to follow the rules of biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Olimpia Kursa
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Michał Brzeski
- Veterinary Cabinet - Brzeski and Partners, Giżycko, Poland
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Li MN, Wang T, Wang N, Han Q, You XM, Zhang S, Zhang CC, Shi YQ, Qiao PZ, Man CL, Feng T, Li YY, Zhu Z, Quan KJ, Xu TL, Zhang GF. A detailed analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and conventional PCR-based testing for the diagnosis of bacterial pathogens and discovery of novel bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:102. [PMID: 39012584 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
This study represents the first analysis of the bacterial community in chickens affected by swollen head syndrome, utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples were obtained from clinical laying chickens and were examined for the presence of Avibacterium paragallinarum (APG) and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the samples, five APG-positive (APG) and APG-negative (N-APG) samples were chosen, along with five specific pathogen-free chickens, for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results showed that APG and ORT were widely detected in the chicken samples with swollen head syndrome (SHS, 9/10), while APG was detected in all five specific pathogen-free (SPF) samples. In contrast, conventional PCR sensitivity was found to be inadequate for diagnosis, with only 35.7% (5/14) and 11.1% (1/9) sensitivity for APG and ORT, respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was able to quantify the bacteria in the samples, revealing that the relative abundance of APG in the APG group ranged from 2.7 to 81.3%, while the relative abundance of APG in the N-APG group ranged from 0.1 to 21.0%. Notably, a low level of APG was also detected in all 5 SPF samples. The study also identified a significant number of animal and human common bacterial pathogens, including but not limited to Gallibacterium anatis, Riemerella columbina, Enterococcus cecorum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Helicobacter hepaticus, and Staphylococcus lentus. In conclusion, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a valuable tool for bacterial pathogen diagnosis and the discovery of novel bacterial pathogens, while conventional PCR is not reliable for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Na Li
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Han
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Ming You
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Cui Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Shi
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Pei-Zhuang Qiao
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng-Lian Man
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Teng Feng
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuang Zhu
- Department of Basic and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke-Ji Quan
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Teng-Lin Xu
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - George Fei Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Wohua Biotech, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China.
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Cao X, Huang X, Lin Y, Sun J, Liu P, Dong X, He G, Feng S, Luo K. Prevalence and genomic-based antimicrobial resistance analysis of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates in Guangdong Province, China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103751. [PMID: 38652951 PMCID: PMC11063509 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious coryza (IC) is an acute infectious respiratory disease in chickens that is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum). A. paragallinarum poses a significant threat to poultry health due to its virulence and multidrug resistance. This study isolated and identified 21 A. paragallinarum isolates from Guangdong between 2022 and 2023. Biochemical tests showed that 100% of A. paragallinarum isolates fermented glucose but did not ferment alginate and galactose, and only YZ18 was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide independent. To determine the genetic relatedness between these isolates and NCBI reference strains, whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis was employed. In addition, analysis of the 2,000 bp-length hmtp210 gene showed that the hmtp210 gene was strongly associated with A. paragallinarum serotypes. Meanwhile, a PCR assay for serotyping A. paragallinarum was developed based on the hmtp210 gene, this assay has high sensitivity and specificity. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was assessed using the disk diffusion method. The antibiotic resistance genes of isolates were analyzed using the genomic method. Phenotypic resistance to ampicillin (95.2%), streptomycin (95.2%), methotrexate-sulfamethoxazole (90.5%), and tetracycline (85.7%) was most frequent among the isolates. All of the isolates exhibited resistance to multiple drugs, and furthermore, the isolates possessed a collective total of 14 genes associated with antibiotic resistance. This study will contribute to advancing our knowledge of A. paragallinarum antibiotic resistance and provide a scientific basis for the prophylaxis and treatment of IC, and the subsequent rational design of potential clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijian Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.
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Gütgemann F, Heuvelink A, Müller A, Churin Y, Buter R, Jung A, Feberwee A, Wiegel J, Kumm F, Braun AS, Yue M, Soriano-Vargas E, Swanepoel S, Botteldoorn N, Kirchner M, Kehrenberg C. Recommendation of a standardized broth microdilution method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Avibacterium paragallinarum and resistance monitoring. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0101123. [PMID: 38363142 PMCID: PMC10935639 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01011-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a method for standardized broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Avibacterium (Av.) paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens. For this, a total of 83 Av. paragallinarum isolates and strains were collected from 15 countries. To select unrelated isolates for method validation steps, macrorestriction analyses were performed with 15 Av. paragallinarum. The visible growth of Av. paragallinarum was examined in six broth media and growth curves were compiled. In Veterinary Fastidious Medium and cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) + 1% chicken serum + 0.0025% NADH (CAMHB + CS + NADH), visible growth of all isolates was detected and both media allowed adequate bacterial growth. Due to the better readability of Av. paragallinarum growth in microtiter plates, CAMHB + CS + NADH was chosen for AST. Repetitions of MIC testing with five epidemiologically unrelated isolates using a panel of 24 antimicrobial agents resulted in high essential MIC agreements of 96%-100% after 48-h incubation at 35 ± 2°C. Hence, the remaining 78 Av. paragallinarum were tested and demonstrated easily readable MICs with the proposed method. Differences in MICs were detected between isolates from different continents, with isolates from Africa showing lower MICs compared to isolates from America and Europe, which more often showed elevated MICs of aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. PCR analyses of isolates used for method development revealed that isolates with elevated MICs of tetracyclines harbored the tetracycline resistance gene tet(B) but none of the other tested resistance genes were detected. Therefore, whole-genome sequencing data from 62 Av. paragallinarum were analyzed and revealed the presence of sequences showing nucleotide sequence identity to the genes aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, blaTEM-1B, catA2, sul2, tet(B), tet(H), and mcr-like. Overall, the proposed method using CAMHB + CS + NADH for susceptibility testing with 48-h incubation time at 35 ± 2°C in ambient air was shown to be suitable for Av. paragallinarum. Due to a variety of resistance genes detected, the development of clinical breakpoints is highly recommended. IMPORTANCE Avibacterium paragallinarum is an important pathogen in veterinary medicine that causes infectious coryza in chickens. Since antibiotics are often used for treatment and resistance of the pathogen is known, targeted therapy should be given after resistance testing of the pathogen. Unfortunately, there is currently no accepted method in standards that allows susceptibility testing of this fastidious pathogen. Therefore, we have worked out a method that allows harmonized susceptibility testing of the pathogen. The method meets the requirements of the CLSI and could be used by diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Gütgemann
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Anja Müller
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yury Churin
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Franziska Kumm
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ann Sophie Braun
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Min Yue
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Science, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edgardo Soriano-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miranda Kirchner
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Zhu J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhu K. Commensal bacteria contribute to the growth of multidrug-resistant Avibacterium paragallinarum in chickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1010584. [PMID: 36406434 PMCID: PMC9672371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum-associated infectious coryza (IC) is an important threat in commercial poultry. Previous studies about the characteristics of A. paragallinarum are succeeded in revealing the course of IC disease, but whether and how resident microbes contribute to the infection remains unclear. To understand the role of commensal bacteria, we isolated 467 commensal bacteria, including 38 A. paragallinarum, from the respiratory tract of IC chicken. The predominant commensal isolates were Gram-positive bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus spp. [33.19%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 28.93-37.66%], Enterococcus spp. (16.49%, 95% CI: 13.23-20.17%), and Bacillus spp. (16.27%, 95% CI: 13.04-19.94%). These isolates were closely correlated with the survival of A. paragallinarum. We examined and found that commensal bacteria aggravate A. paragallinarum-associated infections because certain commensal species (28.57%, 95% CI: 15.72-44.58%) induced hemolysis and promoted the growth of A. paragallinarum in vitro. Notably, A. paragallinarum showed high resistance to routine antibiotics such as erythromycin (84.21%, 95% CI: 68.75-93.98%), tetracycline (73.68%, 95% CI: 56.90-86.60%) and carried diverse mobile resistance gene clusters. Overall, we found commensal bacteria especially Gram-positive bacteria facilitate the survival of multidrug-resistant A. paragallinarum to exacerbate infections, suggesting that novel strategies may diminish A. paragallinarum-associated infections by modulating the population dynamics of commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Comparative Genomics Analysis and Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Horizontal Antibiotic-Resistance Gene Transfer in Avibacterium paragallinarum. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0137922. [PMID: 36000914 PMCID: PMC9603892 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01379-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum is the etiological agent of infectious coryza, an acute respiratory disease of chickens that is globally distributed and causes serious economic losses for chicken production. A. paragallinarum is a Gram-negative bacterium that releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In this study, a comparative genomic analysis of A. paragallinarum isolate P4chr1 and its OMVs was carried out, and the ability to transfer antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via the OMVs was studied. Sequencing and data analyses demonstrated that the genomic size of A. paragallinarum P4chr1 was approximately 2.77 Mb with a 25 kb tolerance island that covered six types of antibiotics and 11 ARGs. The genomic size of its OMVs was approximately 2.69 Mb, covering 97% of the genomic length and almost all the gene sequences of P4chr1. Purified and DNase-treated A. paragallinarum P4chr1 OMVs were cocultured with the antibiotic-sensitive A. paragallinarum Modesto strain on an antibiotic (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, or streptomycin)-containing plate, and the corresponding ARGs were detected in the colonies grown on the plates. However, using an antimicrobial susceptibility test, we found that ARGs delivered by OMVs were not persistent but only appeared transiently on the antibiotic-containing plates. Antibiotic resistance and ARGs were lost by the second bacterial passage. IMPORTANCE The functions and roles of OMVs on ARG and virulent gene transfer and dissemination have been reported in numerous Gram-negative bacteria. However, the role of OMVs in mediating antibiotic resistance in A. paragallinarum has not been reported. This study is the first report to compare the genomic characteristics of OMVs with its parent A. paragallinarum strain and to study A. paragallinarum ARG transfer via OMVs. This work has provided useful data for further studies focusing on nonplasmid ARG transfer mediated by A. paragallinarum OMVs.
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Proposal of a Method for Harmonized Broth Microdilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Avibacterium gallinarum. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0041922. [PMID: 35852371 PMCID: PMC9383258 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00419-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium (Av.) gallinarum is an opportunistic pathogen in poultry, which, however, has also been associated with human disease. There is currently no approved method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this pathogen, so this study aimed at developing a harmonized broth microdilution method for Av. gallinarum that is suitable for diagnostic laboratories. For this, the Av. gallinarum CCUG 12391T type strain and 42 field isolates were collected and their species was confirmed by using a species-specific PCR assay and biochemical reactions. To select epidemiologically unrelated isolates, ApaI macrorestriction analysis was performed. Preliminary growth experiments were conducted with six culture media, and based on the results, four media were selected to compile growth curves with four isolates. Independent repetitions of MIC determinations were then performed to evaluate the reproducibility of the values. Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) was initially selected as broth medium, but did not show sufficient homogeneity of MICs. Therefore, CAMHB plus 1% chicken serum and 0.0025% NADH was selected and showed a good homogeneity of MICs after 20 h and 24 h of incubation at 35 ± 2°C. This was reflected in essential MIC agreements ranging between 96% and 100%. Testing of a larger Av. gallinarum collection (n = 43) revealed that easily readable MICs could be obtained for the type strain and all isolates. Some Av. gallinarum showed elevated MICs of enrofloxacin (n = 35), nalidixic acid (n = 35), penicillin (n = 2), tetracycline (n = 19), and/or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 1). By using PCR analyses, the following antimicrobial resistance genes were detected: blaTEM, dfrA14, sul2, tet(B), tet(H). The study demonstrated that the proposed medium is suitable for a harmonized broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Av. gallinarum with a recommended incubation time of 20 to 24 h.
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Guo M, Chen X, Zhang H, Liu D, Wu Y, Zhang X. Isolation, Serovar Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Avibacteriumparagallinarum from Chickens in China from 2019 to 2020. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9010027. [PMID: 35051111 PMCID: PMC8781767 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious coryza is an acute infectious respiratory disease in chickens that is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum). Infectious coryza has major economic effects due to decreased egg production in growing birds and slowed growth in broilers. In this study, we isolated and identified 40 strains of A. paragallinarum from chickens that showed typical clinical signs of coryza in part of China from 2019 to 2020. Using a hemagglutination-inhibition test, 11 isolates were identified as serovar A, 10 isolates were identified as serovar B, and 19 isolates were identified as serovar C. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests showed that high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were encountered for compounds sulfamethoxine sodium and oxytetracycline hydrochloride. Especially, of the 40 A. paragallinarum isolates, 30% had an MIC value of compound sulfamethoxine sodium of 64 μg/mL, 10% of 128 μg/mL, and 15% of 256 μg/mL. For oxytetracycline hydrochloride, 85% of isolates showed MIC values of 64 μg/mL or more. Excitingly, the MIC values of β-lactamase (amoxicillin, ampicillin, and ceftiofur) were low, with 77.5%, 70%, and 92.5% of isolates having an MIC value of ≤1 μg/mL, respectively. Our results may provide a reference for the treatment of infectious coryza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (X.C.); (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiufang Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (X.C.); (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (X.C.); (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Donghui Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (X.C.); (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (X.C.); (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (X.C.); (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-514-8797-9386
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Fauziah I, Asmara W, Wahyuni AETH. Antimicrobial sensitivity of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from layers in the special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:1124-1127. [PMID: 34220112 PMCID: PMC8243664 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1124-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Infectious coryza (IC) is an upper respiratory disease of chicken caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum. Its clinical symptoms are swollen face and malodorous sinus exudate. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of A. paragallinarum isolates from layers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The samples used in this study were 30 layers that showed IC symptoms. The colony and cell morphology were observed with Gram staining; then, biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, urease, indole, and motility tests, and carbohydrate fermentation tests using lactose, maltose, mannitol, and sorbitol) were performed to the suspected colony to identify A. paragallinarum. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using several antibiotic disks against A. paragallinarum isolates that were cultured on Mueller-Hinton Agar. Results: Out of 30 samples, 24 samples (80%) were found positive for A. paragallinarum. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin (AMP) and amoxicillin (AML) (100%), and chloramphenicol (C) (91.6%). The antibiotics with intermediate sensitivity were enrofloxacin (79.2%), fosfomycin (75%), and ciprofloxacin (54.2%). The isolates were most resistant to erythromycin (100%), followed by tetracycline (87.5%), streptomycin (83.3%), doxycycline and kanamycin (70.8%), and trimethoprim (62.5%). Conclusion: Out of the total samples, 24 samples (80%) from layers with IC symptoms were identified biochemically as A. paragallinarum. It was sensitive to AMP, AML, and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ima Fauziah
- Student of Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widya Asmara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Luna-Castrejón LP, Buter R, Pantoja-Nuñez GI, Acuña-Yanes M, Ceballos-Valenzuela K, Talavera-Rojas M, Salgado-Miranda C, Heuvelink A, de Wit S, Soriano-Vargas E, Feberwee A. Identification, HPG2 Sequence Analysis, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates Obtained from Outbreaks of Infectious Coryza in Commercial Layers in Sonora State, Mexico. Avian Dis 2021; 65:95-101. [PMID: 34339129 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This is the first extensive report on the identification and characterization of Avibacterium paragallinarum (AVP) isolates obtained from outbreaks of infectious coryza (IC) in IC-vaccinated layer flocks from Sonora State in Mexico. Isolates obtained from IC outbreaks during the years 2007, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were identified by conventional PCR test and 16S rRNA gene analysis, serotyped by Page serotyping and genotyped by the recently described partial sequence analysis of the HPG2 region. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by a recently improved minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The conventional PCR test and the 16S rRNA analyses confirmed the isolates as AVP. Serotyping results showed the involvement of isolates belonging to serotypes A, B, and C in the IC outbreaks. Genotyping of the HPG2 region revealed the presence of sequence type (ST)1, ST4, and ST11, of which the latter has also been identified in Europe. The MIC susceptibility test showed that all tested isolates were susceptible for the majority of tested antimicrobials, including erythromycin and tetracycline, which are important antibiotics for the treatment of IC. The IC situation in Sonora State, Mexico, is complex because of the presence of serotypes A, B, and C. This finding emphasizes the importance of biosecurity in combination with the application of the most optimal vaccination programs in the control of IC in Sonora State, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Patricia Luna-Castrejón
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Toluca 50250, México
| | - Rianne Buter
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ Deventer, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martín Acuña-Yanes
- Pecuarius Laboratorios S.A., Calle Sufragio Efectivo 616, 85000, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
| | | | - Martín Talavera-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Toluca 50250, México
| | - Celene Salgado-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Toluca 50250, México
| | - Annet Heuvelink
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Sjaak de Wit
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Edgardo Soriano-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Toluca 50250, México,
| | - Anneke Feberwee
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ Deventer, the Netherlands,
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11
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Tikhomirov M, Poźniak B, Smutkiewicz A, Świtała M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and thiamphenicol after single oral and intravenous, as well as multiple oral administrations to geese. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:25-31. [PMID: 32933318 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1824290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TP), which are synthetic bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs, in geese after a single intravenous or oral administration, as well as seven oral doses administered at 12 h intervals. For all treatments, the dose was 30 mg/kg. 2. After single IV administration, clearance and volume of distribution were low (0.23 ± 0.03 l/h/kg and 0.57 ± 0.08 l/kg for FF, and 0.23 ± 0.04 l/h/kg and 0.59 ± 0.08 l/kg for TP, respectively). The elimination half-life was similar between products and short (2.91 ± 0.41 and 2.84 ± 0.64 h for FF and TP, respectively). 3. The single oral administration resulted in efficient absorption (bioavailability of 83.15 ± 11.48 for FF and 75.21 ± 19.56% for TP) with high maximal concentrations of 30.47 ± 2.47 and 20.02 ± 3.87 μg/ml for FF and TP, respectively. The area under the curve was 108.36 ± 14.96 and 101.81 ± 26.48 mg×h/l for FF and TP, respectively. 4. For both drugs, the two latter parameters were found to be higher compared to earlier studies on terrestrial birds. This suggested that FF and TP may be efficient in treating infections in geese caused by certain bacteria sensitive to chloramphenicol. 5. Neither drug accumulated in tissues following the oral seven doses and no adverse effects were noted in any treated animals. Thus, the selected FF and TP dosage may be considered as a safe treatment for geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - B Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Smutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Świtała
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Mei C, Sun AH, Blackall PJ, Xian H, Li SF, Gong YM, Wang HJ. Component Identification and Functional Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles Released by Avibacterium paragallinarum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:518060. [PMID: 33101220 PMCID: PMC7545073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.518060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza, is known to release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the present study, we investigated the composition, bioactivities, and functional properties of the OMVs of A. paragallinarum. Following extraction and purification, the OMVs were observed to be spherical in shape, with diameters ranging from 20 to 300 nm. The vesicles contained endotoxin as well as genomic DNA. The molecular weights of the OMV-contained protein fragments were mostly concentrated at 65 and 15 kDa. The components of the OMV proteins were mainly various functional enzymes (e.g., ATP-dependent RNA helicase), structural components (e.g., streptomycin B receptor and membrane protein), and some hypothetical proteins with unknown functions. The expression levels of inflammation-related factors, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs), were significantly upregulated in chicken macrophage cells HD11 incubated with OMVs. Serum IgG antibodies were measured after two intramuscular injections of an OMV-based vaccine into specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The vaccinated chickens were then challenged by A. paragallinarum of homologous and heterologous serovars. It was noted that the vaccinated chickens produced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against A. paragallinarum. The OMVs conferred an acceptable level of protection (70%), defined as an absence of colonization and of clinical signs, against the homologous strain (serovar A), while the cross-protection against heterologous challenge with serovars B and C was much weaker. However, the OMVS did provide significant protection against clinical signs for all three serovars. Overall, this study laid a foundation for further unraveling the functional roles of OMVs released by A. paragallinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hong Xian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Mei Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
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13
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Complete Genome Sequences of Seven Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates from Poultry Farms in Pennsylvania, USA. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/27/e00654-20. [PMID: 32616650 PMCID: PMC7330252 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00654-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza, causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry due to increased culling rates in growing chickens and decreased egg production in layers. We present the complete genome sequences of seven strains of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolated from poultry farms in Pennsylvania during 2019. Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza, causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry due to increased culling rates in growing chickens and decreased egg production in layers. We present the complete genome sequences of seven strains of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolated from poultry farms in Pennsylvania during 2019.
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14
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Crispo M, Blackall P, Khan A, Shivaprasad HL, Clothier K, Sentíes-Cué CG, Cooper G, Blakey J, Pitesky M, Mountainspring G, Cutler G, Bickford A, Stoute S. Characterization of an Outbreak of Infectious Coryza ( Avibacterium paragallinarum) in Commercial Chickens in Central California. Avian Dis 2020; 63:486-494. [PMID: 31967433 DOI: 10.1637/19-00081.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, the Turlock branch of the California Animal Health & Food Safety laboratory system received a significant increase in infectious coryza (IC) necropsy cases, with a total of 54 submissions originating from commercial broilers (n = 40), commercial layers (n = 11), and backyard chickens (n = 3). Layer flocks positive for IC were distributed within the adjacent counties of Merced and Stanislaus, while broiler flocks were concentrated within Merced County. The backyard flocks were located in Alameda and Sacramento counties. The clinical and pathologic presentation was consistent with IC, although septicemic lesions were also noticed. Avibacterium paragallinarum was isolated and identified by PCR from the respiratory tract as well as from extrarespiratory sites. Polymicrobial infections involving other viral (infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus) and bacterial (Mycoplasma spp., Escherichia coli, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica) agents were commonly reported. Thirteen selected Av. paragallinarum isolates were successfully characterized as serovar C (Page scheme) and serovar C2 (Kume scheme). They shared a unique enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR, differing from the four reference strains, and showed consistent high minimum inhibitory concentration values for tetracycline, suggesting a common origin from a single clone. Based on these results, high biosecurity standards and proper immunization of susceptible, multi-age flocks should always be implemented and adjusted as needed. The importance of backyard flocks should not be underestimated due to their unique epidemiologic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Crispo
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Patrick Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aatif Khan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Tulare Branch, University of California-Davis, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - Kristin Clothier
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis Branch, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - C Gabriel Sentíes-Cué
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - George Cooper
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Julia Blakey
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Maurice Pitesky
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Gregg Cutler
- Cutler Veterinary Associates International, P.O. Box 1042, Moorpark, CA 93020
| | - Arthur Bickford
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380,
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