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Suzuki K, Shinkai H, Yoshioka G, Matsumoto T, Takenouchi T, Tanaka J, Shimizu M, Kitazawa H, Uenishi H. Polymorphisms in Pattern Recognition Receptor Genes Are Associated with Respiratory Disease Severity in Pig Farms. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223163. [PMID: 36428390 PMCID: PMC9686681 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced productivity caused by infections, particularly respiratory diseases, is a serious problem in pig farming. We have previously reported polymorphisms in porcine pattern recognition receptor genes affecting molecular functions and demonstrated that the 2197A/C polymorphism in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) gene influences porcine circovirus 2-induced mortality. Here, we investigated how these polymorphisms affect respiratory disease-induced lesions, using samples from a slaughterhouse dealing with pigs from two farms. Lung lesions were evaluated using two scoring systems, Goodwin (GW) and slaughterhouse pleuritis evaluation system (SPES), to determine the influence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), respectively. SPES scores were significantly higher when the 1205T allele of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5-1205T), rather than TLR5-1205C, was present. On the farm with more severe Mhp invasion, lower GW lesion scores were significantly associated with the presence of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-2906G allele; where App invasion was worse, lower SPES scores were significantly associated with the presence of the NOD2-2197C allele. Combinations of polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptor genes can therefore be utilized for breeding for resistance against respiratory diseases in pigs. DNA markers of these polymorphisms can thus be used to improve productivity by reducing respiratory diseases due to bacterial pathogens in pig livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Suzuki
- Swine and Poultry Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Seki 501-3924, Japan
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shinkai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Gou Yoshioka
- Swine and Poultry Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Seki 501-3924, Japan
| | - Toshimi Matsumoto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
| | - Junji Tanaka
- Swine and Poultry Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Seki 501-3924, Japan
| | - Masanori Shimizu
- Swine and Poultry Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Seki 501-3924, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.); +81-29-838-6292 (H.U.)
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.); +81-29-838-6292 (H.U.)
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Suwannawong N, Thumarat U, Phongphanich P. Association of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 polymorphisms with Salmonella fecal shedding and hematological traits in pigs. Vet World 2022; 15:2738-2743. [PMID: 36590113 PMCID: PMC9798060 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2738-2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 encoding gene (Nramp1) plays a role in immune response and disease resistance. This study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of Nramp1 intron 6 concerning Salmonella shedding and hematological traits in pigs. Materials and Methods A total of 40 commercial pigs (three-way Large White x Landrace x Duroc cross) were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and analyze the relationship between the polymorphisms of the Nramp1 gene and Salmonella fecal shedding and hematological parameters. Results Nramp1 was shown to be polymorphic in these pigs. The Nramp1 gene has two alleles (A and B) and two genotypes (AB and BB). The BB genotype had a higher frequency than the AB genotype. A significant relationship between the BB genotype and the number of Salmonella in feces compared to the AB genotype (p < 0.05) on 7 days post-inoculation (DPI) was revealed in the association analysis. The single-nucleotide polymorphism at intron 6 in the Nramp1 gene was linked to white and red blood cells 2 and 7 DPI (p < 0.05). Conclusion The Nramp1 gene was suggested by these findings to be potentially used as a molecular marker for the genetic selection of disease susceptibility in pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattariga Suwannawong
- Animal Production Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Uschara Thumarat
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Pitchayanipa Phongphanich
- Animal Production Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand,Corresponding author: Pitchayanipa Phongphanich, e-mail: Co-authors: NS: , UT:
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Höltig D, Reiner G. [Opportunities and risks of the use of genetic resistances to infectious diseases in pigs - an overview]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2022; 50:46-58. [PMID: 35235982 DOI: 10.1055/a-1751-3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Demands for health, performance and welfare in pigs, as well as the desire for consumer protection and reduced antibiotic use, require optimal measures in advance of disease development. This includes, in principle, the use of genetically more resistant lines and breeding animals, whose existence has been proven for a wide range of pathogen-host interactions. In addition, attempts are being made to identify the gene variants responsible for disease resistance in order to force the selection of suitable populations, also using modern biotechnical technics. The present work is intended to provide an overview of the research status achieved in this context and to highlight opportunities and risks for the future.The evaluation of the international literature shows that genetic disease resistance exist in many areas of swine diseases. However, polygenic inheritance, lack of animal models and the influence of environmental factors during evaluation render their implementation in practical breeding programs demanding. This is where modern molecular genetic methods, such as Gene Editing, come into play. Both approaches possess their pros and cons, which are discussed in this paper. The most important infectious diseases in pigs, including general diseases and epizootics, diseases of the respiratory and digestive tract and diseases of the immune system are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Höltig
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere, forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität
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Antibody responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from weaning to the end of the finisher stage in fourteen groups of pigs in Ontario, Canada. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:82. [PMID: 33596907 PMCID: PMC7887834 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory diseases are among the most important factors affecting swine farm productivity in Canada. The objectives of this study were to investigate antibody responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) from weaning to the end of the finisher stage on a subset of commercial swine farms in Ontario, Canada, and to examine the association between nursery diet and antibody responses. Results Overall, older pigs were more likely to test seropositive for PRRSV and less likely to test seropositive for M. hyopneumoniae (p < 0.001). Pigs were more likely to test seropositive for IAV at weaning and the end of the grower and finisher stages compared to the end of nursery (p < 0.001). Pigs that were seropositive for IAV were more likely to test seropositive for both PRRSV and M. hyopneumoniae (p < 0.001). Two, 9, and 4 groups that had more than 20% of pigs seropositive to PRRSV, IAV, and M. hyopneumoniae, respectively, from the end of nursery to the end of finisher were classified as seropositive. Pigs fed a plant-based (low complexity) diet during nursery were more likely to be seropositive for PRRSV (p < 0.001) but there were no significant differences in seropositivity to IAV or M. hyopneumoniae due to nursery diet complexity. Conclusions This study provides information regarding changes in serum antibody in pigs across different stages of production and highlights periods of vulnerability. Additionally, these findings may encourage further research into the effects of nursery diet complexity on disease susceptibility and immune response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02756-6.
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Lindenwald DL, Lepenies B. C-Type Lectins in Veterinary Species: Recent Advancements and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145122. [PMID: 32698416 PMCID: PMC7403975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs), a superfamily of glycan-binding receptors, play a pivotal role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis of higher animals and humans. CTLs in innate immunity serve as pattern recognition receptors and often bind to glycan structures in damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. While CTLs are found throughout the whole animal kingdom, their ligand specificities and downstream signaling have mainly been studied in humans and in model organisms such as mice. In this review, recent advancements in CTL research in veterinary species as well as potential applications of CTL targeting in veterinary medicine are outlined.
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Schut CH, Farzan A, Fraser RS, Ainslie-Garcia MH, Friendship RM, Lillie BN. Identification of single-nucleotide variants associated with susceptibility to Salmonella in pigs using a genome-wide association approach. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:138. [PMID: 32414370 PMCID: PMC7227190 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovars are a major cause of foodborne illness and have a substantial impact on global human health. In Canada, Salmonella is commonly found on swine farms and the increasing concern about drug use and antimicrobial resistance associated with Salmonella has promoted research into alternative control methods, including selecting for pig genotypes associated with resistance to Salmonella. The objective of this study was to identify single-nucleotide variants in the pig genome associated with Salmonella susceptibility using a genome-wide association approach. Repeated blood and fecal samples were collected from 809 pigs in 14 groups on farms and tonsils and lymph nodes were collected at slaughter. Sera were analyzed for Salmonella IgG antibodies by ELISA and feces and tissues were cultured for Salmonella. Pig DNA was genotyped using a custom 54 K single-nucleotide variant oligo array and logistic mixed-models used to identify SNVs associated with IgG seropositivity, shedding, and tissue colonization. RESULTS Variants in/near PTPRJ (p = 0.0000066), ST6GALNAC3 (p = 0.0000099), and DCDC2C (n = 3, p < 0.0000086) were associated with susceptibility to Salmonella, while variants near AKAP12 (n = 3, p < 0.0000358) and in RALGAPA2 (p = 0.0000760) may be associated with susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Further study of the variants and genes identified may improve our understanding of neutrophil recruitment, intracellular killing of bacteria, and/or susceptibility to Salmonella and may help future efforts to reduce Salmonella on-farm through genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne H Schut
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell S Fraser
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Present address: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | | | - Robert M Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Rukambile E, Sintchenko V, Muscatello G, Kock R, Alders R. Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:562-578. [PMID: 31179637 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Livestock meat and offal contribute significantly to human nutrition as sources of high-quality protein and micronutrients. Livestock products are increasingly in demand, particularly in low- and middle-income settings where economies are growing and meat is increasingly seen as an affordable and desirable food item. Demand is also driving intensification of livestock keeping and processing. An unintended consequence of intensification is increased exposure to zoonotic agents, and a contemporary emerging problem is infection with Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. from livestock (avian and mammalian), which can lead to disease, malabsorption and undernutrition through acute and chronic diarrhoea. This can occur at the farm, in households or through the food chain. Direct infection occurs when handling livestock and through bacteria shed into the environment, on food preparation surfaces or around the house and surroundings. This manuscript critically reviews Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in animals, examines the factors affecting colonization and faecal shedding of bacteria of these two genera as well as risk factors for human acquisition of the infection from infected animals or environment and analyses priority areas for preventive actions with a focus on resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpidius Rukambile
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Muscatello
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robyn Alders
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, London, UK
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