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Shringi S, O’Toole D, Cole E, Baker KN, White SN, Donofrio G, Li H, Cunha CW. OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020090. [PMID: 33530566 PMCID: PMC7911203 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious vaccine for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is important for the livestock industry. Research towards SA-MCF vaccine development is hindered by the absence of culture systems to propagate the causative agent, ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), which means its genome cannot be experimentally modified to generate an attenuated vaccine strain. Alternative approaches for vaccine development are needed to deliver OvHV-2 antigens. Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been evaluated as a vaccine vector for several viral antigens with promising results. In this study, we genetically engineered BoHV-4 to express OvHV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) and evaluated its efficacy as an SA-MCF vaccine using a rabbit model. The construction of a viable recombinant virus (BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB) and confirmation of OvHV-2 gB expression were performed in vitro. The immunization of rabbits with BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB elicited strong humoral responses to OvHV-2 gB, including neutralizing antibodies. Following intra-nasal challenge with a lethal dose of OvHV-2, 42.9% of the OvHV-2 gB vaccinated rabbits were protected against SA-MCF, while all rabbits in the mock-vaccinated group succumbed to SA-MCF. Overall, OvHV-2 gB delivered by the recombinant BoHV-4 was immunogenic and partly protective against SA-MCF in rabbits. These are promising results towards an SA-MCF vaccine; however, improvements are needed to increase protection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Shringi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Donal O’Toole
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA;
| | - Emily Cole
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Katherine N. Baker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Stephen N. White
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Cristina W. Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Correspondence:
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Isolation and molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus 4 from cattle in mainland China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:619-626. [PMID: 33410994 PMCID: PMC7788162 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is one of the most important of the known viral respiratory and reproductive pathogens of both young and adult cattle. However, BoHV-4 has not been isolated or detected in mainland China prior to this study. In 2019, BoHV-4 strain 512 was isolated from cattle in Heilongjiang Province, China, using MDBK cells, and characterized by PCR, nucleotide sequence analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Two other unknown herpesvirus strains, BL6010 and J4034, which were isolated from cattle in 2009 in China and stored at -70℃, were also propagated in MDBK cells and identified as BoHV-4 by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene and glycoprotein B (gB) gene for the three isolates indicated that these three Chinese strains belong to BoHV-4 genotype 1. A preliminary virus neutralization test revealed that 64% of the 70 bovine sera (45/70) collected from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, had anti-BoHV-4 antibodies and that natural BoHV-4 infection occurred in cattle in China. Here, we report for the first time the isolation and molecular characterization of BoHV-4 from cattle in mainland China.
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Díaz-Cao JM, Prieto A, López-Lorenzo G, López-Novo C, Iglesias A, Díaz P, Panadero R, López CM, Morrondo P, Díez-Baños P, Fernández G. Epidemiological study of the association between bovine gammaherpesvirus type 4 and reproductive disease in dairy cattle from northwestern Spain. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108888. [PMID: 33120087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has controversially been related with cattle reproductive disease. In the present study we analyze the relationship between exposure to BoHV-4 and reproductive performance in dairy cattle from northwestern Spain. A total of 2022 sera from 50 farms were examined to detect anti-BoHV-4 antibodies. Herd and individual reproductive records were collected to analyze association with exposure to BoHV-4. In addition, 52 abortion cases were examined to detect BoHV-4 DNA. An individual seroprevalence of 66.6 % and a herd prevalence of 98 % were found. Exposure to BoHV-4 increased with age, particularly in individuals between 26-36 months old (OR = 2.7; CI 95 %: 1.2-5.0, compared to animals < 26 months). Seroprevalence was not associated with herd fertility and herd abortion rate, but seropositive animals between 26-36 months presented prolonged calving to fertilizing insemination intervals (HR: 1.4; CI 95 %: 1.2-2.0) as well as higher odds of an unsuccessful 1st insemination (OR: 2.5; CI 95 %: 1.2-5.0). In abortion cases, BoHV-4 DNA was found in 12 vaginal swabs from 5 farms but not in any fetal tissue. Our results reveal an endemic, high and widespread exposure to BoHV-4 among dairy cattle from NW Spain with a limited impact in the reproductive performance of herds. The significantly worse reproductive performance of seropositive animals of 26-36 months of age may be the consequence of the establishment of primo-infections when moving heifers to lactation lots. Our findings may be useful to understand the potential population impact of BoHV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Díaz-Cao
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Prieto
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Lorenzo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cynthia López-Novo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio Iglesias
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ceferino M López
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díez-Baños
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Tsai MS, Fogarty U, Byrne AW, O’Keeffe J, Newman C, Macdonald DW, Buesching CD. Effects of Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) Reactivation in European Badger ( Meles meles) Genital Tracts on Reproductive Fitness. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090769. [PMID: 32962280 PMCID: PMC7559395 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of latent Gammaherpesvirus in the genital tract can lead to reproductive failure in domestic animals. Nevertheless, this pathophysiology has not received formal study in wild mammals. High prevalence of Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) DNA detected in the genital tracts of European badgers (Meles meles) implies that this common pathogen may be a sexual transmitted infection. Here we used PCR to test MusGHV-1 DNA prevalence in genital swabs collected from 144 wild badgers in Ireland (71 males, 73 females) to investigate impacts on male fertility indicators (sperm abundance and testes weight) and female fecundity (current reproductive output). MusGHV-1 reactivation had a negative effect on female reproduction, but not on male fertility; however males had a higher risk of MusGHV-1 reactivation than females, especially during the late-winter mating season, and genital MusGHV-1 reactivation differed between age classes, where 3–5 year old adults had significantly lower reactivation rates than younger or older ones. Negative results in foetal tissues from MusGHV-1 positive mothers indicated that cross-placental transmission was unlikely. This study has broader implications for how wide-spread gammaherpesvirus infections could affect reproductive performance in wild Carnivora species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-shan Tsai
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK; (C.N.); (D.W.M.); (C.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ursula Fogarty
- Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 RH93, Ireland;
| | - Andrew W. Byrne
- One-Health Scientific Support Unit, Department of Agriculture, Agriculture House, Dublin 2 DO2 WK12, Ireland;
| | - James O’Keeffe
- Department of Agriculture, Agriculture House, Dublin 2 DO2 WK1, Ireland;
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Chris Newman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK; (C.N.); (D.W.M.); (C.D.B.)
- Cook’s Lake Farming Forestry and Wildlife Inc (Ecological Consultancy), Queens County, NS B0J 2H0, Canada
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK; (C.N.); (D.W.M.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Christina D. Buesching
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK; (C.N.); (D.W.M.); (C.D.B.)
- Cook’s Lake Farming Forestry and Wildlife Inc (Ecological Consultancy), Queens County, NS B0J 2H0, Canada
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