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Liang Z, Li H, Yang D, Yin L, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhou Q. A novel bivalent inactivated vaccine for ducks against Riemerella anatipestifer based on serotype distribution in southern China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103427. [PMID: 38262334 PMCID: PMC10835443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) causes epizootic infectious polyserositis in ducks with high mortality and leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Bacterial resistance poses a challenge for the control of the disease, vaccines failed to provide ideal cross-protection. Thus, the preparation of vaccines based on popular serotypes is important. In this study, we collected 700 brain and liver tissues of dead ducks from 8 provinces in southern China from 2016 to 2022 and obtained 195 RA isolates with serotypes 1, 2, 7, and 10. Serotypes 1 and 2 were the most prevalent (82%). A novel bivalent inactivated vaccine WZX-XT5 containing propolis adjuvant was prepared, we chose XT5 (serotype 1) and WZX (serotype 2) as vaccine strains and evaluated WZX-XT5-induced immune response and protective efficacy in ducks. Results showed that the XT5 (LD50, 3.5 × 103 CFU) exhibited high virulence and provided better protection against RA compared with ZXP, DCR and LCF1 (LD50, 108 CFU). Notably, the dose of 109 CFU provided ideal protection compared with 108 CFU, propolis and oil emulsion adjuvants induced stronger protective efficacy compared with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Importantly, WZX-XT5 immunization induced high levels of RA-specific IgY, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 in serum and offered over 90% protection against RA with ultra-high lethal dose in ducks. Additionally, no clinical signs of RA infection or obvious pathological damage in tissues were observed in protected ducks. Overall, this study first reports the identification, serotyping and virulence of RA in ducks of southern China and the preparation of a novel bivalent inactivated vaccine, providing useful scientific information to prevent and control RA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Junfa Liu
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China; Shandong Huachen Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Weifang, Shandong, 261205, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China.
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Guan Q, Yang H, Liao C, Zhao J, Wang J, Liu Y, Han Q, Zhang H. In Silico Analysis and Immune Response of YaeT Protein Against Riemerella anatipestifer in Ducks. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7483-7501. [PMID: 37004647 PMCID: PMC10066975 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is one of the most harmful bacterial pathogens in waterfowl and causes enormous economic loss worldwide. Due to weak cross-immunity protection against different serotypes of RA, inactivated and attenuated vaccines are only effective for RA of specific serotypes. In this paper, outer membrane protein YaeT in RA was analyzed through bioinformatics, in vivo, and in vitro assays. Homology, physicochemical and structural properties, transmembrane domains, and B-cell binding epitopes were investigated. The recombinant outer membrane protein YaeT was then inoculated into Cherry Valley ducks to analyze its immune protection against RA. Results showed that the protein was conservative in different RA strains and had sufficient B-cell binding epitopes. The immunized duck serum contains high-affinity antibodies that could activate complement and promote the opsonophagocytosis of RA by phagocytes. After RA challenge, the survival rate of the YaeT protein-immunized ducks was 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Guan
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Animal Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Chenghong Liao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Youming Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- School of Animal Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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de Souza PC, Corrêa AEDN, Gameiro JG, de Oliveira Júnior AG, Panagio LA, Venancio EJ, Almeida RS. Production of IgY against iron permease Ftr1 from Candida albicans and evaluation of its antifungal activity using Galleria mellonella as a model of systemic infection. Microb Pathog 2023:106166. [PMID: 37290729 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the leading pathological agents of mucosal and deep tissue infections. Considering that the variety of antifungals is restricted and that toxicity limits their use, immunotherapies against pathogenic fungi have been viewed as alternatives with reduced adverse effects. In this context, C. albicans has a protein used to capture iron from the environment and the host, known as the high-affinity iron permease Ftr1. This protein may be a new target of action for novel antifungal therapies, as it influences the virulence of this yeast. Thus, the aim of the present study was to produce and conduct the biological characterization of IgY antibodies against C. albicans Ftr1. Immunization of laying hens with an Ftr1-derived peptide resulted in IgY antibodies extracted from egg yolks capable of binding to the antigen with high affinity (avidity index = 66.6 ± 0.3%). These antibodies reduced the growth and even eliminated C. albicans under iron restriction, a favorable condition for the expression of Ftr1. This also occurred with a mutant strain that does not produce Ftr1 in the presence of iron, a circumstance in which the protein analog of iron permease, Ftr2, is expressed. Furthermore, the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans and treated with the antibodies was 90% higher than the control group, which did not receive treatment (p < 0.0001). Therefore, our data suggest that IgY antibodies against Ftr1 from C. albicans can inhibit yeast propagation by blocking iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Canteri de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alana Elke do Nascimento Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gutschow Gameiro
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Admilton Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciano Aparecido Panagio
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sergio Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil.
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Liu S, Liu J, Fu N, Kornmatitsuk B, Yan Z, Luo J. Phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide could enhance neomycin-sensitivity on Riemerella anatipestifer in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:985789. [PMID: 36713163 PMCID: PMC9873997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.985789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important duck pathogen responsible for septicemia and infectious serositis, which has caused great economic losses to the duck industry. Phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) is an efflux pump inhibitor, which mainly reduces the efflux effect by competing with antibiotics for efflux pump channels. Here, we found that R. anatipestifer strain GD2019 showed resistances to gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, and neomycin. Notably, PAβN could significantly reduce the Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of neomycin on the GD2019 strain. Moreover, PAβN combined with neomycin significantly decreased bacterial loads, relieved pathological injury and increase survival rate (p < 0.05) for the ducks lethally challenged by the GD2019 strain. Therefore, our results suggested, in vitro and in vivo, PAβN could reduce neomycin-resistant of R. anatipestifer. Importantly, finding of this study provide a new approach for treating antibiotic-resistant R. anatipestifer infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jinzhai County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Jinzhai, Anhui, China
| | - Junfa Liu
- Wen's Group Academy, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Fu
- Chifeng Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Chifeng, China
| | - Bunlue Kornmatitsuk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Junrong Luo, ✉
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Gu L, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li J, Chang C, Su Y, Yang Y. Novel extraction technologies and potential applications of egg yolk proteins. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 32:121-133. [PMID: 36590017 PMCID: PMC9795146 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The high nutritional value and diverse functional properties of egg yolk proteins have led to its widespread use in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics. Various extraction methods have been reported to obtain the proteins from egg yolk, however, their utilization is limited due to the relatively low extraction efficiency and/or toxic solvents involved. Several simpler and greener technologies, especially physical fields (ultrasound), have been successfully developed to improve the extraction efficiency. The egg yolk proteins may exert multiple biological activities, enabling them to be a promising tool in improve human health and wellbeing, such as anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-osteoporosis, diagnosis and therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article summarizes the novel extraction technologies and latest applications of the egg yolk proteins in the recent 5 years, which should stimulate their utilization as health-promoting functional ingredients in foods and other commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
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Zhang M, Zhang L, Yang J, Zhao D, Han K, Huang X, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Gu Y, Li Y. An IgY Effectively Prevents Goslings from Virulent GAstV Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122090. [PMID: 36560500 PMCID: PMC9781778 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Goose astrovirus (GAstV) leads to viscera and joints urate deposition in 1- to 20-day-old goslings, with a mortality rate of up to 50%, posing a severe threat to entire colonies; however, there is no efficient prevention and control method for GAstV infection. This study describes a prophylactic anti-GAstV strategy based on the specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) from egg yolk. The specific IgY was produced by 22-week-old laying hens intramuscularly immunized with the inactivated GAstV three consecutive times, with 2-week intervals. The egg yolk was collected weekly after the immunization and the anti-GAstV IgY titer was monitored using an agar gel immune diffusion assay (AGID). The results revealed that the AGID titer began to increase on day 7, reached a peak on day 49, and remained at a high level until day 77 after the first immunization. The specific IgY was prepared from the combinations of egg yolk from day 49 to day 77 through PEG-6000 precipitation. Animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of prevention and treatment. The result of the minimum prophylactic dose of the IgY showed that the protection rate was 90.9% when 2.5 mg was administrated. Results of the prevention and the treatment experiments showed prevention and cure rates of over 80% when yolk antibody was administered in the early stages of the GAstV infection. These results suggested that the specific IgY obtained from immunized hens with the inactivated GAstV could be a novel strategy for preventing and treating GAstV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongmin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Kaikai Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yichen Xiao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Youfang Gu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shi B, Gan L, Yu S, Jia X, Yang K, Li Z. Immunogenicity of live phoP gene deletion strain of Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 1. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102294. [PMID: 36436377 PMCID: PMC9706625 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck infectious serositis is an acute and infectious disease caused by Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) that leads to perihepatitis, pericarditis, meningitis, and airbag inflammation in ducks, which causes serious economic losses to the global duck industry. The phoP/phoR is a novel 2-component signal transduction system first reported in gram-negative bacteria, of which phoP acts as a global regulator and virulence factor. In this study, the phoP gene from the R. anatipestifer YM strain was knocked out using homologous recombination technology and replaced with the spectinomycin resistance gene (Spec). The virulence of the R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain was reduced by approximately 47,000 times compared to that of the wild-type R. anatipestifer YM strain. Ducks were immunized with live R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain by subcutaneous inoculation at a dose of 106 to 107 CFU (0.2 mL per duck) and challenged with the wild-type R. anatipestifer YM strain 14 days later. The protection rate in the immunized group was 100%. The growth characteristics of ducks in the immunized and negative control groups were normal, and the research demonstrated R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain have suitable immunogenicity and protective effects. Thus, the study findings suggest that the novel R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain may provide a candidate for the development of a gene deletion activated vaccine against duck infectious serositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baolan Shi
- Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luoxin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangchao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China,Corresponding author:
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Ke T, Yang D, Yan Z, Yin L, Shen H, Luo C, Xu J, Zhou Q, Wei X, Chen F. Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of the Pathogen Causing Spotted Spleen in Muscovy Duck. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846298. [PMID: 35677936 PMCID: PMC9169529 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since September 2020, the clinical symptoms of Muscovy duck spleen spots have appeared in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and other provinces, resulting in a large number of Muscovy duck deaths and great economic losses. The absence of the typical clinical symptoms caused by pathogenic microorganisms makes the cause of the spotted spleen a mystery. High-throughput sequencing results suggested that Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) may be the pathogen. Then, R. anatipestifer was regarded as the research target for isolation, identification, and pathogenicity assessment. After biochemical test, PCR amplification, and serotype determination, it was confirmed that the isolated strain CZG-1 was serotype 15 R. anatipestifer. Typical spotted spleen symptoms were observed after CZG-1 infection. Furthermore, drug sensitivity assays showed the similar drug-resistant spectrum of R. anatipestifer serotype 15 to other serotypes; for example, all test strains were resistant to polymyxin, gentamicin, and neomycin. The CZG-1 strain has high pathogenicity, and its lethal dose of 50% (LD50) is 35.122 CFU/ml. Virulence gene determination showed that the CZG-1 strain had at least five virulence genes, bioF, TSS9-1, TSS9-2, PncA, and 0373Right. Above all, this study identified and proved that the pathogen of spotted spleen in ducks was R. anatipestifer serotype 15, which caused death of ducks without the typical symptoms of bacterial infection. The results of this study enriched the knowledge of symptom after R. anatipestifer infection, provided a reference to the identification of the pathogen of spotted spleen, and provided theoretical basis for prevention and control of spotted spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqiao Ke
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Cuifen Luo
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
- Xiaona Wei
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Chen
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