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Yanmaz B, Özgen EK, Sayı O, Erdoğan Y, Aslan MH, İba Yılmaz S, Karadeniz Pütür E, Polat N, Özmen M, Şerifoğlu Bağatır P, Ildız S. Phylogenetic Analysis of Brucella melitensis Strains Isolated from Humans Using 16S rRNA Sequencing and Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis-16. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38608219 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is the most important public health problem worldwide, and the annual incidence of the disease in humans is 2.1 million. The Brucella genome is highly conserved, with over 90% similarity among species. The aim of this study was to perform species-level identification of Brucella spp. strains isolated from humans diagnosed with brucellosis and to further investigate the phylogenetic relationships using multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA)-16 and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Materials and Methods: Brucella spp. was isolated from the blood cultures of 54 patients who tested positive for brucellosis through serological examinations. Real-time PCR was used to identify the isolates in species, and the genus level of Brucella was confirmed with 16S rRNA. All isolates were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using variable number of tandem repeat analysis with multiple loci. Results: Subsequent analysis via real-time PCR confirmed these isolates to be of the Brucella melitensis species. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed 100% homogeneity among the isolates. MLVA revealed the formation of five different genotypic groups. While two groups were formed based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis, five groups were formed in the MLVA. Conclusions: The study concluded that 16S rRNA sequence analysis alone did not provide sufficient discrimination for phylogenetic analysis but served as a supportive method for identification. MLVA exhibited higher phylogenetic power. The widespread isolation of B. melitensis from human brucellosis cases highlights the importance of controlling brucellosis in small ruminants to prevent human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Yanmaz
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Ediz Kağan Özgen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Orbay Sayı
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Erdoğan
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehtap Hülya Aslan
- Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sibel İba Yılmaz
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Elif Karadeniz Pütür
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Nebahat Polat
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Murat Özmen
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Şerifoğlu Bağatır
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Ildız
- Graduate School of Health Sciences of Ankara University and General Directorate of Food and Control, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye
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Liu G, Ma X, Zhang R, Lü J, Zhou P, Liu B, Liu T, Ren H, Liu Z, Li Z, Jiang X. Epidemiological changes and molecular characteristics of Brucella strains in Ningxia, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1320845. [PMID: 38314436 PMCID: PMC10835715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1320845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Human brucellosis causes serious public health concerns in Ningxia, China. Methods This study employed epidemiological, bacteriological, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) methods to conduct an epidemiological investigation, which is necessary for devising tailored control strategies. Results Between 1958 and 2022, 29,892 cases were reported, with an average annual number of cases and incidence of 467 and 7.1/100,000, respectively. The epidemic situation gradually worsened, with cases escalating from 26 cases in 2005 to 6,292 in 2022, with the incidence rate rising from 0.441 in 2005 to 86.83 in 2022. Geographically, the disease spread from a single affected county in 2004 to encompass all 22 counties in 2022. Yanchi County had the highest incidence, followed by the Hongsibao and Tongxin counties. These data suggest that Brucella infection has become a rampant regional concern in human brucellosis. Between 1958 and 2019, a total of 230 Brucella strains were identified across four studied hosts. These strains comprised four species with 12 biovars, including B. melitensis bv. 1, bv. 2, bv. 3, B. abortus bv. 1, bv. 3, bv. 4, bv. 5, bv. 6, bv. 7, B. suis bv. 1 and bv. 3, and B. canis. These data highlight the high species/biovars and host diversity of the Brucella population, posing a substantial challenge to brucellosis surveillance. There was an apparent transition from multiple species/biovars historically to the current dominance of a single species, B. melitensis, emphasizing the requirement for strengthening surveillance of B. melitensis. Genotypes 42 and 116, constituting 96.2% of the total number of genotypes, predominated in panel 1 and MLVA-11, indicating that all strains belong to the East Mediterranean lineage. MLVA cluster analysis revealed persistent transmission of dominant circulating genotypes, presenting an epidemic pattern characterized primarily by epidemiologically related cases with a few sporadic cases. Strains in this study exhibited high genetic homogeneity with strains from the Northwest, and those from Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Conclusion The epidemic situation of human brucellosis has gradually worsened; the rampant epidemic of the disease has become a regional concern. The present study highlights that implementing the of targeted surveillance and intervention strategies is urge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtian Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jufen Lü
- The College of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bofei Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Ren
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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Celik E, Kayman T, Buyuk F, Gulmez Saglam A, Abay S, Akar M, Karakaya E, Balkan Bozlak CE, Coskun MR, Buyuk E, Celebi O, Sahin M, Saticioglu IB, Durhan S, Baykal A, Ersoy Y, Otlu S, Aydin F. The canonical Brucella species-host dependency is changing, however, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles remain unchanged. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106261. [PMID: 37488036 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic disease caused by Brucella species with a wide range of hosts, from marine mammals to terrestrial species, but with strict host preferences. With the zoonotic character, the prevalence of human brucellosis cases is a reflection of animal infections. This study aimed to identify 192 Brucella isolates obtained from various sources by Bruce-ladder PCR and to determine their antibiotic susceptibilities by gradient diffusion method (E-test). As a result of the PCR, all human isolates (n = 57) were identified as B. melitensis. While 58 (82.9%) of the cattle isolates were identified as B. abortus, 59 (90.8%) of the sheep isolates were identified as B. melitensis. In addition, 12 (17.1%) of the cattle isolates and 6 (9.2%) of the sheep isolates were determined as B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. The primary host change behavior of B. melitensis was 1.9 times higher than that of B. abortus. While gentamicin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities of Brucella isolates were 100%, tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin susceptibilities were 99%, 99%, 97.4%, 91.7% and 83.9%, respectively. The lowest sensitivity of the isolates was determined against to cefoperazone as 26%. A triple-drug resistance was detected in 1 B. abortus isolate that included simultaneous resistance to cefoperazone, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The high susceptibility profiles we found against to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, used widely in treatment, are encouraging. However, the change in the canonical Brucella species-primary host preference suggests the need to reconsider eradication program, including updating vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Celik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Aliye Gulmez Saglam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Secil Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Eda Balkan Bozlak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Research and Application Hospital, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reha Coskun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Eray Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mitat Sahin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seda Durhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Atakan Baykal
- Harakani Public Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kars, Turkey
| | - Yaren Ersoy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Salih Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Tan Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Tao Z, Yu C, Huang Y, Yang X, Ying X, Hu Y, Li S. Molecular epidemiological characteristics of Brucella in Guizhou Province, China, from 2009 to 2021. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188469. [PMID: 37426016 PMCID: PMC10326899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brucellosis was made statutorily notifiable in 1955, in China, while in Guizhou Province, the pathogen of human brucellosis was isolated for the first time in 2011. However, currently, the brucellosis epidemic is becoming more and more severe in Guizhou Province. The type distribution and genetic characteristics of Brucella in Guizhou Province, as well as its evolutionary relationship with domestic and foreign strains, are still unclear. Methods MLST, MLVA, and rpoB typing techniques were used for the molecular epidemiological study of the 83 Brucella isolates in Guizhou province. Results Among the 83 Brucella strains, MLST identified three ST genotypes, of which ST39 is a newly reported type in China. MLVA-16 generated 49 genotypes, and MLVA-11 generated 5 known genotypes and 2 unreported genotypes. Six genotypes were identified by rpoB technology. Discussion MLVA has a high resolution, but differences at the Bruce 04 and 16 loci cannot exclude associations between epidemics, and combining MLST and rpoB typing methods for epidemiologic tracing can avoid erroneous judgments. Moreover, through the combined analysis of the three typing techniques, the possible origin of the new Brucella can be reasonably inferred, which is also conducive to promoting the subsequent research of the novel Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Tan
- Laboratory Center, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, University of Guizhou Medical, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory Center, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory Center, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhongfa Tao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Yu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinggui Yang
- Laboratory Center, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Ying
- Laboratory Center, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, University of Guizhou Medical, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, University of Guizhou Medical, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Laboratory Center, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Provincial, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, University of Guizhou Medical, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Kydyshov K, Usenbaev N, Berdiev S, Dzhaparova A, Abidova A, Kebekbaeva N, Abdyraev M, Wareth G, Brangsch H, Melzer F, Neubauer H, Pletz MW. First record of the human infection of Brucella melitensis in Kyrgyzstan: evidence from whole-genome sequencing-based analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:120. [PMID: 36482466 PMCID: PMC9730661 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis, a zoonosis mainly transmitted by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products as well as direct contact with infected animals, is endemic in Kyrgyzstan. However, Brucella species in humans have not been investigated and the origin of the disease remains poorly known in wide parts of Сentral Asia. Thus, molecular characterization of the circulating strains is a critical first step in understanding Brucella diversity in the country. METHODS In this study, isolates were collected from patients with suspected brucellosis from different regions in Kyrgyzstan between 2019 and 2020. The detection and identification of Brucella was carried out by Bruce-ladder PCR. Next generation sequencing was used to sequence the 89 Brucella isolates, which were genotyped by cgSNP and cgMLST to identify epidemiological connection between Brucella isolates as well as placing them in the context of the global Brucella phylogeny. RESULTS The Brucella strains isolated from all regions of Kyrgyzstan were identified as B. melitensis. Based on cgSNP analysis, 18 sequence types were differentiated. The highest numbers of different sequence types were found in Batken (n = 8), Osh (n = 8) and Jalal-Abad (n = 6) oblasts. According to cgSNP and cgMLST analyses, different B. melitensis lineages circulate in Kyrgyzstan, all of them belonging to the Eastern Mediterranean group of the global Brucella phylogeny with the highest similarity to strains from Turkmenistan, Iran and Turkey. CONCLUSION In the present study, B. melitensis was identified as a causative agent of human brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan and different lineages could be identified. Since this study focused on isolates of human origin, the identity of Brucella species and lineages circulating among animal populations remains elusive. Implementing culture techniques and use of most recent molecular, bioinformatic and epidemiological tools are needed to set up a One Health approach to combat brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan. Further, other Сentral Asian countries need to take part in this effort as brucellosis is a transboundary disease in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalysbek Kydyshov
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nurbolot Usenbaev
- Republican Center for Quarantine and Highly Dangerous Infections of Ministry of Health, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Stalbek Berdiev
- Republican Center for Quarantine and Highly Dangerous Infections of Ministry of Health, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aigul Dzhaparova
- Republican Center for Quarantine and Highly Dangerous Infections of Ministry of Health, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aziza Abidova
- Republican Center for Quarantine and Highly Dangerous Infections of Ministry of Health, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nuraiym Kebekbaeva
- Republican Center for Quarantine and Highly Dangerous Infections of Ministry of Health, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Murat Abdyraev
- Kyrgyz Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hanka Brangsch
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, Germany
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