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Genetic background affects the mucosal SIgA levels, parasite burden, lung inflammation and susceptibility of male mice to Ascaris suum infection. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0059521. [PMID: 34807734 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00595-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease, widespread in the world and causing important socioeconomic impacts. The presence of various stages of worm development in the pulmonary and intestinal mucosa induces a humoral and cellular immune response. However, although there is much evidence of the protective role of mucosal immunity against various pathogens, including helminthes, there is still a gap in the knowledge about the immune response and the mechanisms of action that are involved in protection against diseases, especially in the initial phase of ascariasis. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic aspects of the immune parasitological parameters in intestinal and pulmonary mucosa in male mice with early ascariasis. Therefore, two mice strains showed a different susceptibility to ascariasis (BALB/c and C57BL6/j), when experimentally infected with 2,500 infective eggs of Ascaris suum from time-point 0 and the immune parasitological parameters evaluated each two days after infection, during the period of 12 days. The results were suggestive of a synergetic action of intestinal and pulmonary SIgA contributing for the protection against early ascariasis by reducing the amount of migrating larval as well as the influx of leukocytes in the lung and the consequent impair of the pulmonary capacity.
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Solano-Aguilar G, Shea-Donohue T, Madden KB, Quinoñes A, Beshah E, Lakshman S, Xie Y, Dawson H, Urban JF. Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis modulates the local immune response and glucose uptake in the small intestine of juvenile pigs infected with the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:422-436. [PMID: 30024817 PMCID: PMC6219643 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1460014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of a localized intestinal allergic type-2 response concomitant with consumption of probiotic bacteria is not well documented. This study investigated the effect of feeding probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis (Bb12) or a placebo in weaned pigs that were also inoculated with Ascaris suum (A. suum) eggs to induce a strong Th2-dependent allergic type 2 immune response. Sections of jejunal mucosa were mounted in Ussing chambers to determine changes in permeability and glucose absorption, intestine and liver samples were collected for analysis of type-2 related gene expression, jejunum examined histologically, and sera and intestinal fluid were assayed for parasite antigen specific antibody. The prototypical parasite-induced secretory response to histamine and reduced absorption of glucose in the jejunum were attenuated by feeding Bb12 without a change in mucosal resistance. Parasite antigen-specific IgA response in the serum and IgG1 and IgG2 response in the ileal fluid were significantly increased in A. suum-infected pigs treated with Bb12 compared to infected pigs given the placebo. Ascaris suum-induced eosinophilia in the small intestinal mucosa was inhibited by Bb12 treatment without affecting the normal expulsion of A. suum 4th stage larvae (L4) or the morphometry of the intestine. Expression of genes associated with Th1/Th2 cells, Treg cells, mast cells, and physiological function in the intestine were modulated in A. suum infected-pigs treated with Bb12. These results suggested that Bb12 can alter local immune responses and improve intestinal function during a nematode infection by reducing components of a strong allergenic type-2 response in the pig without compromising normal parasite expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD,CONTACT Gloria Solano-Aguilar 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-East. Bldg 307C, Room 225, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathleen B. Madden
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Ethiopia Beshah
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Harry Dawson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Joseph F. Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
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Martínez-Pérez J, Vandekerckhove E, Vlaminck J, Geldhof P, Martínez-Valladares M. Serological detection of Ascaris suum at fattening pig farms is linked with performance and management indices. Vet Parasitol 2017; 248:33-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vlaminck J, Nejsum P, Vangroenweghe F, Thamsborg SM, Vercruysse J, Geldhof P. Evaluation of a serodiagnostic test using Ascaris suum haemoglobin for the detection of roundworm infections in pig populations. Vet Parasitol 2012; 189:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dold C, Holland CV. Investigating the underlying mechanism of resistance to Ascaris infection. Microbes Infect 2010; 13:624-31. [PMID: 20934532 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The generative mechanism(s) of predisposition to Ascaris infection are currently unknown. While many factors play a role in interindividual infection intensity, much focus has been placed on the host's immunological response to infection and the underlying genetics. The present review describes the research conducted that has examined various immunological parameters and genetic factors that may play a role in resistance to ascariasis. We also discuss the contribution that animal models have made to our understanding of resistance to the parasitic roundworm and their role in possible future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dold
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Science, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Inoue T, Takashima M, Murakami S, Watanabe T. Partial characterization of the antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody to Ascaris suum ovary extracts. Vet Parasitol 2007; 146:281-7. [PMID: 17391851 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody produced against ovary extracts from the worm Ascaris suum showed immunoreactivity against granules in the rachis and oocytes, the inner layer of the eggshell and the middle layer of some egg, but not against either ovary wall or uterus wall. Furthermore, the same antigens were detected on the body surface of migrated larva in guinea pig lung, whereas none were detected in adult male worm or adult female worm, except for the female reproductive organs. The ovary extracts were passed through an affinity column and the eluted fractions analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and native-PAGE. Western blotting after SDS-PAGE detected chemiluminescence primarily as three bands of about 70, 78 and 90 kDa. However, Western blotting after native-PAGE of the partially purified ovary extracts demonstrated only one band at a position of about 230 kDa. LC-nanoESI-MS/MS analysis of protein band gel slices from silver-stained SDS-PAGE revealed one peptide sequence "ILVGLIGTNR", that matched only the hypothetical protein F14D2.8 of Caenorhabditis elegans (gi/7499081).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi City, Kanagawa Prefecture 243-0034, Japan.
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Lewis R, Behnke JM, Cassidy JP, Stafford P, Murray N, Holland CV. The migration of Ascaris suum larvae, and the associated pulmonary inflammatory response in susceptible C57BL/6j and resistant CBA/Ca mice. Parasitology 2007; 134:1301-14. [PMID: 17381887 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ascariasis is an important infection in humans (Ascaris lumbricoides) and pigs (Ascaris suum) and individuals appear to be predisposed to either heavy or light worm burdens. These extremes of susceptibility and resistance are represented in a mouse model by 2 strains of mice, CBA mice showing high resistance to infection and C57BL/6 which are highly susceptible, as reflected in worm burdens in the lungs 6-7 days after infection. In an attempt to identify the point at which the difference between these 2 strains is first manifested, we quantified worm burdens at key stages during infection leading up to the pulmonary stage of development. Thus mice were inoculated with fully embryonated A. suum eggs and larval burdens were enumerated in the large intestine and rectum, liver and lungs of the 2 strains at 6 h post-inoculation (p.i.) and on each of days 1-8 p.i. inclusively. A higher percentage of the total inoculum was recovered from the intestine/rectum of C57BL/6j mice in contrast to CBA/Ca mice at 6 h p.i. Larvae were recovered from the intestinal contents and also whilst actively migrating through the large intestinal wall. The number of larvae recovered was significantly reduced in CBA/Ca mice in contrast to C57BL/6j mice between the phase of migration from the liver and arrival in the lungs. The combined results of the inoculation of mice with corticosteroids and the examination of the change in profile and number of leukocytes present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid suggested that the pulmonary inflammatory immune response was not prominently involved in primary protection of mice to A. suum infection in the latter days of infection in the lungs. The susceptible C57BL/6j mice produced a BAL response almost twice as intense as that of resistant CBA/Ca mice with stronger neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil but not macrophage components, suggesting that the difference in worm burdens between the strains was generated earlier in the course of infection. These results were further corroborated by a histological examination of the lung tissues which showed that the passage of the larval stages of A. suum through the mouse lungs was associated with a marked inflammatory response in both strains. Again, C57BL/6j mice exhibited increased inflammation relative to CBA/Ca mice. Hence some hepatic/post-hepatic factor that varies between the 2 strains, but exerts its effect before the lung phase plays a critical role in determining the success of larvae through the host tissues. The possible sites of this host defence are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lewis
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Palmieri C, Brunetti M, Della Salda L. Immunohistochemical characterization of Kisselev nodules (ectopic lymphoid follicles) in wild boar (Sus scrofa L.). Res Vet Sci 2006; 83:109-15. [PMID: 17156803 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the histopathological features and cellular distribution of T lymphocytes (CD3), B cells (CD79), follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and macrophages (alpha-1-antitrypsin, lysozyme) in lymphoid aggregates (Kisselev nodules) found in the lung, kidney and liver of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.). The distribution of immunoreactive cells, tested for antibodies, was similar to that found in the cortex of lymph nodes: lymphoid follicles with germinal centers mainly consisting of CD79+ B cells with sparse interfollicular tissue (CD3+ T lymphocytes). This finding and the association of these structures with helminthic infections suggests that local humoral immunity is central to the organism's response to parasitic challenge. The presence of follicular dendritic cells confirms the high degree of organization of these lymphoid-like structures. The role of other pathogenic factors and the induction of chronic inflammatory reaction in these ectopic lymphoid sites is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Palmieri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Teramo University, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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