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Dmitric M, Debeljak Z, Vidanovic D, Sekler M, Vaskovic N, Matovic K, Karabasil N. Trichinella britoviin Game Meat Linked to Human Trichinellosis Outbreak in Serbia. J Parasitol 2018; 104:557-559. [DOI: 10.1645/18-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Dmitric
- Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Zoran Debeljak
- Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Dejan Vidanovic
- Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Milanko Sekler
- Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vaskovic
- Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Kazimir Matovic
- Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, Žička 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Nedjeljko Karabasil
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Sequeira GJ, Zbrun MV, Soto LP, Astesana DM, Blajman JE, Rosmini MR, Frizzo LS, Signorini ML. Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Trichinellosis Caused by Consumption of Pork Meat Sausages in Argentina. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:167-76. [PMID: 26227185 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina, there are three known species of genus Trichinella; however, Trichinella spiralis is most commonly associated with domestic pigs and it is recognized as the main cause of human trichinellosis by the consumption of products made with raw or insufficiently cooked pork meat. In some areas of Argentina, this disease is endemic and it is thus necessary to develop a more effective programme of prevention and control. Here, we developed a quantitative risk assessment of human trichinellosis following pork meat sausage consumption, which may be used to identify the stages with greater impact on the probability of acquiring the disease. The quantitative model was designed to describe the conditions in which the meat is produced, processed, transported, stored, sold and consumed in Argentina. The model predicted a risk of human trichinellosis of 4.88 × 10(-6) and an estimated annual number of trichinellosis cases of 109. The risk of human trichinellosis was sensitive to the number of Trichinella larvae that effectively survived the storage period (r = 0.89), the average probability of infection (PPinf ) (r = 0.44) and the storage time (Storage) (r = 0.08). This model allowed assessing the impact of different factors influencing the risk of acquiring trichinellosis. The model may thus help to select possible strategies to reduce the risk in the chain of by-products of pork production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Sequeira
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M V Zbrun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L P Soto
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D M Astesana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J E Blajman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M R Rosmini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Faculty of Agricultural Science, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICIVET Litoral-CONICET/UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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3
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Calcagno MA, Bourlot I, Taus R, Saracino MP, Venturiello SM. Description of an outbreak of human trichinellosis in an area of Argentina historically regarded as Trichinella-free: the importance of surveillance studies. Vet Parasitol 2014; 200:251-6. [PMID: 24444651 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is an important food-borne zoonosis which is not treated as a major public health concern in Argentina. After more than 20 years without reports of infection in an area regarded as Trichinella-free, research studies reported that infection occurred in humans, pigs and game animals, including the recent outbreak of human trichinellosis revealed here. The outbreak, affecting 64 individuals, occurred in July 2010 in the province of Entre Ríos. Epidemiological studies, clinical observations, laboratory analyses and immunoserological specific assays (indirect immunofluorescence, IIF, and ELISA) were performed. Food samples were analyzed by artificial digestion, and Trichinella larvae isolates were identified to the species level by multiplex PCR. The main source of infection, commercially available food, had a parasite load of 1.1 muscle larvae per gram. Larvae were identified as Trichinella spiralis. Patients presented predominantly with oedema, fever and myalgia; and laboratory findings and/or immunoserological tests were positive for trichinellosis. Individuals received outpatient treatment. No deaths or secondary sequelae were recorded. Results suggest that the presence of T. spiralis infection should be suspected in all endemic areas, especially where animal husbandry and official food safety controls are not properly conducted. The lack of the cases reported ought not to be taken as a proof of parasite absence. We highlight the importance of the urgent need to implement interdisciplinary and inter-institutional programs aimed to control infection transmission, to guarantee food safety and to conduct epidemiological surveillance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Calcagno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires. "R.A. Margni" Humoral Immunity Studies Institute (IDEHU) National Research Council (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Bourlot
- Hospital Centenario de Gualeguaychú, Pasteur 50, 2820 Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - R Taus
- Faculty of Bromatology Dietetics, National University of Entre Ríos (UNER), Perón 64, Gualeguaychú 2820 Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M P Saracino
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires. "R.A. Margni" Humoral Immunity Studies Institute (IDEHU) National Research Council (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S M Venturiello
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires. "R.A. Margni" Humoral Immunity Studies Institute (IDEHU) National Research Council (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Choudhury AAK, Conlan JV, Racloz VN, Reid SA, Blacksell SD, Fenwick SG, Thompson ARC, Khamlome B, Vongxay K, Whittaker M. The economic impact of pig-associated parasitic zoonosis in Northern Lao PDR. ECOHEALTH 2013; 10:54-62. [PMID: 23417333 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-013-0821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic zoonoses human cysticercosis (Taenia solium), taeniasis (other Taenia species) and trichinellosis (Trichinella species) are endemic in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This study was designed to quantify the economic burden pig-associated zoonotic disease pose in Lao PDR. In particular, the analysis included estimation of the losses in the pork industry as well as losses due to human illness and lost productivity. A Markov-probability based decision-tree model was chosen to form the basis of the calculations to estimate the economic and public health impacts of taeniasis, trichinellosis and cysticercosis. Two different decision trees were run simultaneously on the model's human cohort. A third decision tree simulated the potential impacts on pig production. The human capital method was used to estimate productivity loss. The results found varied significantly depending on the rate of hospitalisation due to neurocysticerosis. This study is the first systematic estimate of the economic impact of pig-associated zoonotic diseases in Lao PDR that demonstrates the significance of the diseases in that country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Ali Khan Choudhury
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Room 326, Maine Medical Building, Medical School Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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van der Giessen J, Franssen F, Fonville M, Kortbeek T, Beckers P, Tolsma P, Stenvers O, Teunis P, Takumi K. How safe is the meat inspection based on artificial digestion of pooled samples for Trichinella in pork? A scenario from wildlife to a human patient in a non-endemic region of Europe. Vet Parasitol 2013; 194:110-2. [PMID: 23433990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of trichinellosis in a resident of the Netherlands prompted us to examine the likelihood of this originating from infected rats in spite of prevailing biosecurity and testing procedures. In so doing, we sought to calculate the possible risks for trichinellosis in countries deemed non-endemic. The infection risk was determined by simulating a scenario from a reservoir of minimally contaminated wildlife to pigs to humans. Results indicate that humans might become infected even in the event that artificial digestion had been performed on individually tested pig carcasses. Our conclusions justify reconsidering Trichinella control strategies based on the current testing protocol, and emphasize the importance of proper cooking as further insurance against human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Zumaquero-Ríos JL, García-Juarez J, de-la-Rosa-Arana JL, Marcet R, Sarracent-Pérez J. Trichinella spiralis: monoclonal antibody against the muscular larvae for the detection of circulating and fecal antigens in experimentally infected rats. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:444-9. [PMID: 23026455 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work we search for antigens of Trichinella spiralis in sera and stool of rats experimentally infected. The kinetic of antibodies to excretory and secretory (ES) antigens of muscle larvae (ML) was also determined. Wistar rats were infected with 15 ML per gram of body weight and blood samples were collected weekly for 10 weeks. Antibodies were studied using an indirect ELISA. For detection of circulating antigens and coproantigens, a sandwich ELISA was developed with the use of polyclonal rabbit antibodies obtained against the total extract of ML and an IgM monoclonal antibody (Mab) against ES antigens of ML. No reactivity was observed between Mab and the total worm antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Ascaris suum, Echinococcus granulosus, Fasciola hepatica, Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia solium, Toxocara canis and Trichuris trichiura. The IgM Mab recognized antigens of 45, 49, and 55 kDa in ES antigens and was unable to bind ES antigens deglycosylated with trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (TFMS) indicating that a glycan structure is present in the epitope recognized by this Mab. The sensitivity of sandwich ELISA was 1 ng/mL. Circulating antigens were detected in all infected rats between 3 and 8 weeks post infection and coproantigens were found during the first two days post infection. Antibodies were detected since the third week post infection through the end of experiment. These results suggested that antigen detection by our sandwich ELISA could be a useful complementary laboratory test for antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Lino Zumaquero-Ríos
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Vectores, Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
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7
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Montgomery C, Suggs S, Emory C, Pitcher JD. Trichinellosis Masquerading as a Soft-Tissue Mass: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2012; 2:e52. [PMID: 29252550 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.k.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Montgomery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, 531, Little Rock, AR 72205.
| | - Steven Suggs
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, PO Box 016960 (D-27), Miami, FL 33101
| | - Cynthia Emory
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - J David Pitcher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, PO Box 016960 (D-27), Miami, FL 33101
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Alban L, Pozio E, Boes J, Boireau P, Boué F, Claes M, Cook AJC, Dorny P, Enemark HL, van der Giessen J, Hunt KR, Howell M, Kirjusina M, Nöckler K, Rossi P, Smith GC, Snow L, Taylor MA, Theodoropoulos G, Vallée I, Viera-Pinto MM, Zimmer IA. Towards a standardised surveillance for Trichinella in the European Union. Prev Vet Med 2011; 99:148-60. [PMID: 21377747 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Each year, more than 167 million pigs in the European Union (EU) are tested for Trichinella spp. under the current meat hygiene regulations. This imposes large economic costs on countries, yet the vast majority of these pigs test negative and the public health risk in many countries is therefore considered very low. This work reviewed the current Trichinella status across the EU as well as the national level of monitoring and reporting. It also reviewed which animal species were affected by Trichinella and in which species it should be surveyed. This information was used to design a cost-effective surveillance programme that enables a standardised monitoring approach within the EU. The proposed surveillance programme relies on identifying sub-populations of animals with a distinct risk. Low-risk pigs are finisher pigs that originate from so-called controlled housing. All other pigs are considered high-risk pigs. Controlled housing is identified by the application of a specific list of management and husbandry practices. We suggest that member states (MS) be categorised into three classes based on the confidence that Trichinella can be considered absent, in the specified sub-population of pigs above a specified design prevalence which we set to 1 per million pigs. A simple and transparent method is proposed to estimate this confidence, based on the sensitivity of the surveillance system, taking into account the sensitivity of testing and the design prevalence. The probability of detecting a positive case, if present, must be high (>95 or >99%) to ensure that there is a low or negligible risk of transmission to humans through the food chain. In MS where the probability of a positive pig is demonstrated to be negligible, testing of fattening pigs from a sub-population consisting of pigs from controlled housing can be considered unnecessary. Furthermore, reduced testing of finishers from the sub-population consisting of pigs from non-controlled housing might even be considered, if conducted in conjunction with a proportionate sampling scheme and a risk-based wildlife surveillance programme where applicable. The proposed surveillance programme specifies the required number of samples to be taken and found negative, in a MS. A MS with no data or positive findings will initially be allocated to class 1, in which all pigs should be tested. When a MS is able to demonstrate a 95% or 99% confidence that Trichinella is absent, the MS will be allocated to class 2 or 3, in which the testing requirement is lower than in class 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alban
- Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Denmark.
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Takumi K, Franssen F, Fonville M, Grasset A, Vallée I, Boireau P, Teunis P, van der Giessen J. Within-host dynamics of Trichinella spiralis predict persistent parasite transmission in rat populations. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Richomme C, Lacour S, Ducrot C, Gilot-Fromont E, Casabianca F, Maestrini O, Vallée I, Grasset A, van der Giessen J, Boireau P. Epidemiological survey of trichinellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and fox (Vulpes vulpes) in a French insular region, Corsica. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:150-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Frey CF, Buholzer P, Beck R, Marinculic A, Raeber AJ, Gottstein B, Schuppers ME. Evaluation of a new commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of porcine antibodies against Trichinella spp. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:692-7. [PMID: 19737767 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease that is caused by the nematode Trichinella spp. Both European Union regulations and guidelines from the World Organization for Animal Health foresee the possibility of conducting serological surveillance for Trichinella spp. A newly developed commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated against 2 existing diagnostic techniques: an in-house ELISA and an in-house Western blot. A total of 875 Trichinella larva-negative samples of pigs and 93 Trichinella larva-positive samples of both naturally and experimentally infected pigs were included in the study. Bayesian modeling techniques were used to correct for the absence of a perfect reference test. The sensitivity and specificity of the commercial ELISA was 97.1-97.8% and 99.5-99.8%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated high stability in the models. In a serological surveillance system, ELISA-positive samples should be tested by a confirmatory test. The Western blot is a suitable test for this purpose. With the use of the results of the models, the sensitivity and specificity of a test protocol in both ELISA and Western blot were 95.9% and 99.9%, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity were achieved with a lower limit of detection than that of the routine artificial digestion test, suggesting that serological surveillance is a valuable alternative in surveillance for Trichinella spp. in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Frey
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Institute of Parasitology, PO Box 8466, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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