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Eggink H, Maas M, van den Brand JM, Dekker J, Franssen F, Hoving EW, Kortbeek LM, Kranendonk ME, Meiners LC, Rittscher AE, Roelfsema J, Schölvinck EH. Taenia martis Neurocysticercosis-Like Lesion in Child, Associated with Local Source, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:555-559. [PMID: 38407150 PMCID: PMC10902551 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.231402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A neurocysticercosis-like lesion in an 11-year-old boy in the Netherlands was determined to be caused by the zoonotic Taenia martis tapeworm. Subsequent testing revealed that 15% of wild martens tested in that region were infected with T. martis tapeworms with 100% genetic similarity; thus, the infection source was most likely local.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith M.A. van den Brand
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Jasja Dekker
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Frits Franssen
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Eelco W. Hoving
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Laetitia M. Kortbeek
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Mariëtte E.G. Kranendonk
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Linda C. Meiners
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Anne E. Rittscher
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Jeroen Roelfsema
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
| | - Elisabeth H. Schölvinck
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H. Eggink, L.C. Meiners, E.H. Schölvinck)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (M. Maas, F. Franssen, L.M. Kortbeek, J. Roelfsema)
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M.A. van den Brand, A.E. Rittscher)
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie B.V., Arnhem, the Netherlands (J. Dekker)
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht (E.W. Hoving, M.E.G. Kranendonk)
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Knox-Brown B, Potts J, Santofimio VQ, Minelli C, Patel J, Abass NM, Agarwal D, Ahmed R, Mahesh PA, Bs J, Denguezli M, Franssen F, Gislason T, Janson C, Juvekar SK, Koul P, Malinovschi A, Nafees AA, Nielsen R, Paraguas SNM, Buist S, Burney PG, Amaral AFS. Isolated small airways obstruction predicts future chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e002056. [PMID: 37989490 PMCID: PMC10660204 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic airflow obstruction is a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We investigated whether isolated small airways obstruction is associated with chronic airflow obstruction later in life. METHODS We used longitudinal data from 3957 participants of the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. We defined isolated small airways obstruction using the prebronchodilator mean forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEF25-75) if a result was less than the lower limit of normal ( RESULTS Median follow-up time was 8.3 years. Chronic airflow obstruction was more likely to develop in participants with isolated small airways obstruction at baseline (FEF25-75 less than the LLN, OR: 2.95, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.54; FEV3/FVC less than the LLN, OR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.62). FEF25-75 was better than the FEV3/FVC ratio to discriminate future chronic airflow obstruction (AUC: 0.764 vs 0.692). Results were similar among participants of the UK Biobank study. CONCLUSION Measurements of small airways obstruction can be used as early markers of future obstructive lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Knox-Brown
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Potts
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Cosetta Minelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jaymini Patel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Dhiraj Agarwal
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Pune Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Rana Ahmed
- The Epidemiological Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Jayaraj Bs
- Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Meriam Denguezli
- Faculte de Medecine de Sousse, Universite de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Frits Franssen
- Respiratory medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, Netherlands
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanjay K Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Pune Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Parvaiz Koul
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Asaad Ahmed Nafees
- Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rune Nielsen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Stefanni Nonna M Paraguas
- Philippine College of Chest Physicians, Quezon City, Philippines
- Philippine Heart Center, Quezon City, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sonia Buist
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter Gj Burney
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andre F S Amaral
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Maas M, Tatem-Dokter R, Rijks JM, Dam-Deisz C, Franssen F, van Bolhuis H, Heddergott M, Schleimer A, Schockert V, Lambinet C, Hubert P, Redelijk T, Janssen R, Cruz APL, Martinez IC, Caron Y, Linden A, Lesenfants C, Paternostre J, van der Giessen J, Frantz AC. Population genetics, invasion pathways and public health risks of the raccoon and its roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis in northwestern Europe. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2191-2200. [PMID: 34227236 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The geographic range of the zoonotic raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) is expanding together with the range of its host, the raccoon (Procyon lotor). This creates a new public health risk in parts of Europe where this parasite was previously absent. In the Netherlands, a raccoon population is becoming established and incidental findings of B. procyonis have been reported. To assess the risk to public health, the prevalence of B. procyonis was determined in the province of Limburg, where currently the largest Dutch raccoon population is present, as well as in the adjoining region of southern Belgium. Furthermore, genetic methods were employed to assess invasion pathways of both the raccoon and B. procyonis to aid in the development of control measures. Macroscopic analysis of intestinal content and testing of faecal samples were performed to detect B. procyonis adults and eggs. The population genetics of both B. procyonis and its raccoon host were analysed using samples from central and northwestern Europe. B. procyonis was found in 14/23 (61%, 95% CI: 41%-78%) raccoons from Limburg, but was not detected in 50 Belgian raccoons. Genetic analyses showed that the majority of the Dutch raccoons and their roundworms were introduced through ex-captive individuals. As long as free-living raccoon populations originate from captivity, population control methods may be pursued. However, natural dispersal from the border regions will complicate prolonged population control. To reduce the public health risk posed by B. procyonis, public education to increase awareness and adapt behaviour towards raccoons is key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rea Tatem-Dokter
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jolianne M Rijks
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre (DWHC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile Dam-Deisz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Franssen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anna Schleimer
- Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Vinciane Schockert
- Unité de Recherches zoogéographiques, Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Lambinet
- Unité de Recherches zoogéographiques, Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Hubert
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Éco-éthologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Boult-aux-Bois, France
| | | | | | | | - Irène Campos Martinez
- Unité de Recherches zoogéographiques, Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yannick Caron
- Parasitologie et Pathologie des Maladies Parasitaires, Département des Maladies infectieuses et parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Annick Linden
- Service de Santé et Pathologie de la Faune sauvage, Département des Maladies infectieuses et parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Lesenfants
- Service de Santé et Pathologie de la Faune sauvage, Département des Maladies infectieuses et parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Paternostre
- Service de Santé et Pathologie de la Faune sauvage, Département des Maladies infectieuses et parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alain C Frantz
- Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Franssen F, Deng H, Swart A, Marinović AB, Liu X, Liu M, van der Giessen J. Inactivation of Trichinella muscle larvae at different time-temperature heating profiles simulating home-cooking. Exp Parasitol 2021; 224:108099. [PMID: 33713660 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinellosis is caused by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing infective Trichinella muscle larvae (ML). Only few studies on heat-inactivation of Trichinella ML are available in literature and more validated data concerning heat inactivation is needed to improve the risk estimation. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the two in vitro methods "staining" and "morphological examination" as proxies for Trichinella ML heat inactivation in comparison with the mouse bioassay method to get more insight in the relationship between heat, heating time and inactivation of Trichinella ML. The second aim was to evaluate whether these methods could replace the bioassay in the light of ongoing animal use reduction in lifescience research. Tubes containing quantified live Trichinella ML were exposed to heat profiles ranging from 40 to 80 °C. Subsequently, inactivation was evaluated using both methylene blue staining and morphological examination, which was validated by bioassay. Results were used to model Trichinella inactivation. RESULTS Trichinella muscle larvae exposed to 60 °C or higher for 12-12.5 min were not infective to mice. We found that morphological examination was more consistent with the bioassay than methylene blue staining. Modelled inactivation fitted experimental data consistently. Moreover, this study shows that larval Trichinella morphology may be used in situations where bioassays are not possible or prohibited. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between heat and inactivation of larvae obtained from this study could be used in Trichinella QMRA models to improve quantification of the risk of Trichinella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control - Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands.
| | - Huifang Deng
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control - Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands.
| | - Arno Swart
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control - Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands.
| | - Axel Bonačić Marinović
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control - Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control - Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands.
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Keene S, Jordan R, De Vries F, Sitch A, Adab P, Franssen F. External validation of two prognostic scores predicting exacerbations in ECLIPSE COPD patients. Epidemiology 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Keene S, Jordan R, De Vries F, Franssen F, Sitch A, Martin J, Marshall T, Adab P. Determinants of long-term changes in ADO prognostic score in UK COPD primary care patients: results from The Health Improvement Network. Epidemiology 2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bilska-Zając E, Franssen F, Różycki M, Swart A, Karamon J, Sroka J, Zdybel J, Ziętek-Barszcz A, Cencek T. Intraspecific genetic variation in Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi populations circulating in different geographical regions of Poland. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 10:101-112. [PMID: 31440446 PMCID: PMC6698805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi are species of nematodes which are responsible for the majority of Trichinella infections in the world and the most prevalent in Poland. The most abundant species – T. spiralis, is considered to be more genetically homogeneous in Europe than T. britovi. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic variability in T. spiralis and T. britovi populations based on nuclear 5S rDNA intergenic spacer region (5S rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COX1) gene sequences. For the study, 55 isolates of T. spiralis and 50 isolates of T. britovi isolated from wild boars, pigs, brown rat and a red fox were analyzed. Based on the analysis of both genes, the genetic variability within populations of T. spiralis and T. britovi differed. In T. spiralis, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the 612 bp 5S rDNA gene fragment, and one SNP was detected in the 700 bp COX1 gene fragment. In T. britovi, 17 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were detected in the 5S rDNA gene fragment (among them 16 SNPs), while COX1 sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of 20 SNVs between the sequences tested (among them 19 SNPs). For the majority of T. spiralis isolates the investigated larvae presented uniform haplotypes. In contrast, most of the isolates of T. britovi consisted of larvae of different haplotypes. Geographical analysis showed that each region exhibited different haplotype composition and richness. Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Zachodniopomorskie regions were the richest in haplotypes (15 and 16 haplotypes, respectively). We used heatmaps showing a characteristic pattern for each region graphically. This may allow to differentiate regions based on the occurrence of particular haplotypes. Furthermore, a PCA analysis on the SNP level yielded biplots that show that certain haplotypes/genotypes are associated with (clusters of) regions. The genetic variability within the Polish T. britovi population is high. 5S rDNA and COX1 variability in T. spiralis is low compared to T. britovi. T. britovi variability may correlate to geographical origin. Heatmap and PCA analysis could be helpful analytical tool for epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bilska-Zając
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mirosław Różycki
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Arno Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jacek Sroka
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zdybel
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Ziętek-Barszcz
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research InstitutePulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
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Franssen F, Johne A, van der Giessen J, Nöckler K, Mayer-Scholl A. Test sensitivity of a commercial serine protease digestion kit for the detection of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis larvae in pig muscle. Food Microbiol 2019; 78:99-103. [PMID: 30497613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reference method for Trichinella detection at meat inspection is the magnetic stirrer method (MSM) utilising HCl-pepsin for pooled sample digestion. Due to availability and quality issues with pepsin, alternative digestion methods are being offered, such as the Priocheck Trichinella AAD kit (T-AAD), based on serine endopeptidase digestion. In this study the T-AAD kit was compared to the reference method. Minced pork samples were spiked with T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) with- and without capsule or T. pseudospiralis ML, and analysed with both tests. Test results of individually spiked test samples were analysed by generalised linear modelling. The T-AAD test kit was comparable to the reference method for the qualitative detection of T. spiralis in pigs, but not quantitatively. Overall, 94% of spiked T. spiralis were recovered using MSM against 75.2% when using T-AAD (p < 0.0001). Using the MSM 80.0% of spiked T. pseudospiralis were recovered against 20% with the T-AAD (p < 0.0001). Based on our experience with the T-AAD kit, we strongly recommend validating the method on site prior to introduction into routine diagnostic laboratories, but this will not alleviate the poor test sensitivity of the T-AAD for the detection of T. pseudospiralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - A Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - K Nöckler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Mayer-Scholl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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Franssen F, Gerard C, Cozma-Petruţ A, Vieira-Pinto M, Jambrak AR, Rowan N, Paulsen P, Rozycki M, Tysnes K, Rodriguez-Lazaro D, Robertson L. Inactivation of parasite transmission stages: Efficacy of treatments on food of animal origin. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Franssen F, Takumi K, van der Giessen J, Swart A. Assessing the risk of human trichinellosis from pigs kept under controlled and non-controlled housing in Europe. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2018; 10:14-22. [PMID: 32095597 PMCID: PMC7033976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To support risk-based approach to prevent human trichinellosis, we estimated the human incidence for pigs originating from controlled and non-controlled housing, using a quantitative microbial risk assessment model for Trichinella (QMRA-T). Moreover, the effect of test sensitivity on human trichinellosis incidence from pigs from non-controlled housing was quantified. The estimated annual risk from pigs from non-controlled housing was 59,443 human trichinellosis cases without testing at meat inspection and 832 (95%CI 346-1410) cases with Trichinella testing, thus preventing 98.6% of trichinellosis cases per year by testing at meat inspection. Using the QMRA-T, a slight decrease in test sensitivity had a significant effect on the number of human trichinellosis cases from this housing type. The estimated annual risk for pigs from controlled housing was <0.002 (range 0.000-0.007) human cases with- and <0.010 (0.001-0.023) cases without Trichinella testing at meat inspection, which does not differ significantly (p = 0.2075). In practice, this means no cases per year irrespective of Trichinella testing. Thus controlled housing effectively prevents infection and Trichinella testing does not contribute to food safety for this housing type. Not testing for Trichinella requires evidence based full compliance with regulations for controlled housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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11
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van Bree FPJ, Bokken GCAM, Mineur R, Franssen F, Opsteegh M, van der Giessen JWB, Lipman LJA, Overgaauw PAM. Zoonotic bacteria and parasites found in raw meat-based diets for cats and dogs. Vet Rec 2018; 182:50. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freek P J van Bree
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gertie C A M Bokken
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Robin Mineur
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Opsteegh
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | | | - Len J A Lipman
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Overgaauw
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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van Beers M, van de Bool C, van Helvoort A, Kremers S, Franssen F, Wouters E, Schols A. OR13: Long-Term Efficacy of a Nutritional Intervention Strategy to Optimize and Maintain Efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD: The Nutrain Trial. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)30774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Franssen F, Swart A, van der Giessen J, Havelaar A, Takumi K. Parasite to patient: A quantitative risk model for Trichinella spp. in pork and wild boar meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 241:262-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Maas M, van den End S, van Roon A, Mulder J, Franssen F, Dam-Deisz C, Montizaan M, van der Giessen J. First findings of Trichinella spiralis and DNA of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild raccoon dogs in the Netherlands. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2016; 5:277-279. [PMID: 27747155 PMCID: PMC5054259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent invasion of the raccoon dog in the Netherlands may be associated with the risk of introduction and spread of zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to assess whether Echinococcus multilocularis and Trichinella spp. infections are present in Dutch raccoon dogs. Between 2013 and 2014, nine raccoon dogs, mainly road kills, were collected for necropsies. One raccoon dog tested repeatedly positive in the qPCR for E. multilocularis. The positive raccoon dog was collected in the province of Flevoland, which is not a known endemic region for E. multilocularis. Another raccoon dog tested positive for Trichinella spiralis by the digestion of the forelimb musculature and the tongue. Trichinella spiralis has not been reported in wildlife since 1998 and thus far was not found in wild carnivores in the Netherlands. It shows that despite the small raccoon dog population that is present in the Netherlands and the limited number of raccoon dogs that were tested, the raccoon dog may play a role in the epidemiology of E. multilocularis and Trichinella spp. in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne van den End
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annika van Roon
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Mulder
- Bureau Mulder-natuurlijk, Berkenlaan 28, 3737RN Groenekan, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Franssen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile Dam-Deisz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet Montizaan
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Franssen F, Swart A, van Knapen F, van der Giessen J. Helminth parasites in black rats (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from different environments in the Netherlands. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:31413. [PMID: 27193418 PMCID: PMC4871897 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) and Rattus rattus (black rat) are known carriers of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of zoonotic and veterinary importance. Moreover, rats may play a role in the transmission of muscle larvae of the zoonotic nematode Trichinella spiralis to farm animals. We aimed to study the intestinal and intramuscular helminths in wild rats from three different environments to assess the relevance of rats as carrier of zoonotic parasites for public health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wild brown rats (117 individuals) and black rats (44 individuals) were captured at farms, in suburban and in rural environments in the Netherlands. Intestinal helminths were isolated and identified morphologically. Artificial digestion was used to isolate muscle larvae. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Morphological analysis of rat intestinal contents yielded six nematode species (Syphacia muris, Heterakis spumosa, Aonchotheca murissylvatici, Trichuris muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and Strongyloides sp.), three cestode species (Hymenolepis diminuta, H. nana and Hymenolepis (=Rodentolepis) fraterna), and four trematode species (Plagiorchis muris, Plagiorchis proximus, Echinostoma chloropodis, and Notocotylus imbricatus).Black rats at farms displayed the lowest intestinal helminth species variation (six species) and carried overall on average 0.93 species simultaneously. In comparison, brown rats at farms carried seven helminth species and 1.91 species simultaneously. Brown rats from suburban environments displayed the highest species variation (11 species) at 1.82 simultaneous helminth species. Absence of trematodes from rats at farms may suggest limited exchange of rats between farms and surrounding wet rural environments. We report four species of veterinary (Syphacia muris) or zoonotic relevance (Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana and Plagiorchis muris). We did not find Trichinella muscle larvae, consistent with long-term prevalence in Dutch wild rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands;
| | - Arno Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Frans van Knapen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Franssen F, van Andel E, Swart A, van der Giessen J. Quality Control of Trichinella Testing at the Slaughterhouse Laboratory: Evaluation of the Use of a 400-Micrometer-Mesh-Size Sieve in the Magnetic Stirrer Method. J Food Prot 2016; 79:316-20. [PMID: 26818995 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a 400-μm-mesh-size sieve (sieve400) has not previously been compared with that of a 180-μm-mesh-size sieve (sieve180). Using pork samples spiked with 0 to 10 Trichinella muscle larvae and an artificial digestion method, sieve performance was evaluated for control of Trichinella in meat-producing animals. The use of a sieve400 resulted in 12% lower larval counts, 147% more debris, and 28% longer counting times compared with the use of a sieve180. Although no false-negative results were obtained, prolonged counting times with the sieve400 may have an impact on performance in a high-throughput environment such as a slaughterhouse laboratory. Based on our results, the sieve180 remains the sieve of choice for Trichinella control in meat in slaughterhouse laboratories, according to the European Union reference method (European Commission regulation 2075/2005). Furthermore, the results of the present study contribute to the discussion of harmonization of meat inspection requirements among countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Arno Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Franssen F, Bilska-Zając E, Deksne G, Sprong H, Pozio E, Rosenthal B, Rozycki M, van der Giessen J. Genetic evidence of interspecies introgression of mitochondrial genomes between Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi under natural conditions. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 36:323-332. [PMID: 26458526 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Trichinella muscle larvae (ML) through ingestion of raw or undercooked meat. To date, 12 taxa are recognized in this genus, of which four are circulating in Europe (Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis). T. spiralis and T. britovi circulate in European wildlife and occur simultaneously in the same host species. The possibility of hybrid formation between T. britovi and T. spiralis has hardly been addressed and so far, results of experimental hybridisation attempts between T. britovi and T. spiralis are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to analyse molecular polymorphisms of single T. spiralis and T. britovi ML from natural infections based on nuclear 5S rDNA intergenic spacer region (5S rDNA-ISR) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences. Six haplotypes of the 5S rDNA intergenic spacer region (5S rDNA-ISR) and 14 of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene were demonstrated in 89 individual T. britovi ML from Latvia and Poland. In contrast, only two haplotypes were observed at both 5S rDNA-ISR and CO1 of 57 individual T. spiralis ML from Polish wild boar and red foxes. Moreover, this study demonstrates hybridisation in eight individual ML between T. britovi and T. spiralis under natural conditions in four Polish wild boar and two red foxes, revealed by combining 5S rDNA-ISR and CO1 sequence information of individual Trichinella ML. To our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies hybridisation between T. spiralis and T. britovi under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ewa Bilska-Zając
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy (PIWet), Poland.
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR), Riga, Latvia.
| | - Hein Sprong
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Benjamin Rosenthal
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - Mirek Rozycki
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy (PIWet), Poland.
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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18
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Nijsse R, Mughini-Gras L, Wagenaar JA, Franssen F, Ploeger HW. Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs: a quantitative approach to estimate the relative contributions of dogs, cats and foxes, and to assess the efficacy of advised interventions in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2015. [PMID: 26216217 PMCID: PMC4517363 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs is considered the main source of human toxocariasis. The contribution of different groups of hosts to this contamination is largely unknown. Current deworming advices focus mainly on dogs. However, controversy exists about blind deworming regimens for >6-month-old dogs, as most of them do not actually shed Toxocara eggs. We aim to estimate the contribution of different non-juvenile hosts to the environmental Toxocara egg contamination and to assess the effects of different Toxocara-reducing interventions for dogs. Methods A stochastic model was developed to quantify the relative contribution to the environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs of household dogs, household cats, stray cats, and foxes, all older than 6 months in areas with varying urbanization degrees. The model was built upon an existing model developed by Morgan et al. (2013). We used both original and published data on host density, prevalence and intensity of infection, coprophagic behaviour, faeces disposal by owners, and cats’ outdoor access. Scenario analyses were performed to assess the expected reduction in dogs’ egg output according to different deworming regimens and faeces clean-up compliances. Estimates referred to the Netherlands, a country free of stray dogs. Results Household dogs accounted for 39 % of the overall egg output of >6-month-old hosts in the Netherlands, followed by stray cats (27 %), household cats (19 %), and foxes (15 %). In urban areas, egg output was dominated by stray cats (81 %). Intervention scenarios revealed that only with a high compliance (90 %) to the four times a year deworming advice, dogs’ contribution would drop from 39 to 28 %. Alternatively, when 50 % of owners would always remove their dogs’ faeces, dogs’ contribution would drop to 20 %. Conclusion Among final hosts of Toxocara older than 6 months, dogs are the main contributors to the environmental egg contamination, though cats in total (i.e. both owned and stray) transcend this contribution. A higher than expected compliance to deworming advice is necessary to reduce dogs’ egg output meaningfully. Actions focusing solely on household dogs and cats are unlikely to sufficiently reduce environmental contamination with eggs, as stray cats and foxes are also important contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Nijsse
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. box 80.165, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. box 80.165, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. box 1, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. box 80.165, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. box 1, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Harm W Ploeger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. box 80.165, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Franssen F, Deksne G, Esíte Z, Havelaar A, Swart A, van der Giessen J. Trend analysis of Trichinella in a red fox population from a low endemic area using a validated artificial digestion and sequential sieving technique. Vet Res 2014; 45:120. [PMID: 25431178 PMCID: PMC4245726 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Freezing of fox carcasses to minimize professional hazard of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis is recommended in endemic areas, but this could influence the detection of Trichinella larvae in the same host species. A method based on artificial digestion of frozen fox muscle, combined with larva isolation by a sequential sieving method (SSM), was validated using naturally infected foxes from Latvia. The validated SSM was used to detect dead Trichinella muscle larvae (ML) in frozen muscle samples of 369 red foxes from the Netherlands, of which one fox was positive (0.067 larvae per gram). This result was compared with historical Trichinella findings in Dutch red foxes. Molecular analysis using 5S PCR showed that both T. britovi and T. nativa were present in the Latvian foxes, without mixed infections. Of 96 non-frozen T. britovi ML, 94% was successfully sequenced, whereas this was the case for only 8.3% of 72 frozen T. britovi ML. The single Trichinella sp. larva that was recovered from the positive Dutch fox did not yield PCR product, probably due to severe freeze-damage. In conclusion, the SSM presented in this study is a fast and effective method to detect dead Trichinella larvae in frozen meat. We showed that the Trichinella prevalence in Dutch red fox was 0.27% (95% CI 0.065-1.5%), in contrast to 3.9% in the same study area fifteen years ago. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the efficacy of 5S PCR for identification of Trichinella britovi single larvae from frozen meat is not more than 8.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Joppa P, Franssen F, Tkacova R, Hanson C, Rennard S, Silverman E, McDonald ML, Calverley P, Wouters E, Rutten E. OP011: The Combination of Low Fat-Free Mass and High Fat Mass is Related to Functional Outcome and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with COPD. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maltais F, Decramer M, Casaburi R, Barreiro E, Burelle Y, Debigaré R, Dekhuijzen PNR, Franssen F, Gayan-Ramirez G, Gea J, Gosker HR, Gosselink R, Hayot M, Hussain SNA, Janssens W, Polkey MI, Roca J, Saey D, Schols AMWJ, Spruit MA, Steiner M, Taivassalo T, Troosters T, Vogiatzis I, Wagner PD. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:e15-62. [PMID: 24787074 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0373st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb muscle dysfunction is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and it has important clinical implications, such as reduced exercise tolerance, quality of life, and even survival. Since the previous American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) statement on limb muscle dysfunction, important progress has been made on the characterization of this problem and on our understanding of its pathophysiology and clinical implications. PURPOSE The purpose of this document is to update the 1999 ATS/ERS statement on limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. METHODS An interdisciplinary committee of experts from the ATS and ERS Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Clinical Problems assemblies determined that the scope of this document should be limited to limb muscles. Committee members conducted focused reviews of the literature on several topics. A librarian also performed a literature search. An ATS methodologist provided advice to the committee, ensuring that the methodological approach was consistent with ATS standards. RESULTS We identified important advances in our understanding of the extent and nature of the structural alterations in limb muscles in patients with COPD. Since the last update, landmark studies were published on the mechanisms of development of limb muscle dysfunction in COPD and on the treatment of this condition. We now have a better understanding of the clinical implications of limb muscle dysfunction. Although exercise training is the most potent intervention to address this condition, other therapies, such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation, are emerging. Assessment of limb muscle function can identify patients who are at increased risk of poor clinical outcomes, such as exercise intolerance and premature mortality. CONCLUSIONS Limb muscle dysfunction is a key systemic consequence of COPD. However, there are still important gaps in our knowledge about the mechanisms of development of this problem. Strategies for early detection and specific treatments for this condition are also needed.
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Franssen F, Nijsse R, Mulder J, Cremers H, Dam C, Takumi K, van der Giessen J. Increase in number of helminth species from Dutch red foxes over a 35-year period. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:166. [PMID: 24708710 PMCID: PMC3978201 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is host to a community of zoonotic and other helminth species. Tracking their community structure and dynamics over decades is one way to monitor the long term risk of parasitic infectious diseases relevant to public and veterinary health. Methods We identified 17 helminth species from 136 foxes by mucosal scraping, centrifugal sedimentation/flotation and the washing and sieving technique. We applied rarefaction analysis to our samples and compared the resulting curve to the helminth community reported in literature 35 years ago. Results Fox helminth species significantly increased in number in the last 35 years (p-value <0.025). Toxascaris leonina, Mesocestoides litteratus, Trichuris vulpis and Angiostrongylus vasorum are four new veterinary-relevant species. The zoonotic fox tapeworm (E. multilocularis) was found outside the previously described endemic regions in the Netherlands. Conclusions Helminth fauna in Dutch red foxes increased in biodiversity over the last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, P,O, Box 1, Bilthoven, BA 3720, The Netherlands.
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23
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Maas M, Franssen F, Hendrikse T, Van Hester B, Overgaauw P, Nijsse R, Van Der Giessen J. [Prevention and treatment of Baylisascaris spp.-infections in animals]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 2014; 139:22-27. [PMID: 24498686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Maas
- RIVM, Laboratorium voor Zoönosen en Omgevingsmicrobiologie, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA Bilthoven.
| | - Frits Franssen
- RIVM, Laboratorium voor Zoönosen en Omgevingsmicrobiologie, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA Bilthoven
| | | | | | - Paul Overgaauw
- IRAS, Divisie Veterinaire Volksgezondheid, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde
| | | | - Joke Van Der Giessen
- RIVM, Laboratorium voor Zoönosen en Omgevingsmicrobiologie, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA Bilthoven
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Galvin EM, Franssen F. Rapid sequence induction: one size does not fit all! Minerva Anestesiol 2013; 79:705-707. [PMID: 23698549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Franssen F, Xie K, Sprong H, van der Giessen J. Molecular analysis of Baylisascaris columnaris revealed mitochondrial and nuclear polymorphisms. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:124. [PMID: 23627901 PMCID: PMC3643864 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baylisascaris species are intestinal nematodes of skunks, raccoons, badgers, and bears belonging to the genus Ascarididae. Oral uptake of embryonated Baylisascaris sp. eggs by a wide variety of mammals and birds can lead to visceral, ocular and neurological larva migrans. B. procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, is known to cause severe illness in intermediate hosts and in humans, whereas the skunk roundworm B. columnaris is probably less pathogenic. Skunks and raccoons are kept as pets in Europe, sometimes together with cats and dogs, living in close contact with humans. B. procyonis and B. columnaris are difficult to differentiate based on morphological criteria and molecular and phylogenetic information concerning B. columnaris is missing. This is the first study on the genetic characterisation of B. columnaris, based on mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers. Methods B. columnaris worms were isolated from pet skunks, and used for molecular analysis. PCR primers targeted at mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 and 2 (CO1 and CO2), ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and ribosomal 28S genes were used. DNA sequences from B. columnaris, B. procyonis and B. transfuga from bears were analysed by cluster analysis. Results Four different multi-locus genotypes were found in B. columnaris, based on 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two insertions / deletions in CO1, CO2, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S. Conclusions The genetic characteristics of B. columnaris show close resemblance to those of B. procyonis, but in contrast to B. procyonis, show several polymorphisms in both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. These polymorphisms could be used as a tool to differentiate B. columnaris from B. procyonis in molecular diagnostic assays, and to identify B. columnaris by PCR, in addition to or replacing morphometric analysis. This might lead to more insight into the zoonotic relevance of B. columnaris in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment, RIVM, Center for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, cZ&O, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands.
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van der Giessen J, Franssen F, Fonville M, Kortbeek T, Beckers P, Tolsma P, Stenvers O, Teunis P, Takumi K. How safe is the meat inspection based on artificial digestion of pooled samples for Trichinella in pork? A scenario from wildlife to a human patient in a non-endemic region of Europe. Vet Parasitol 2013; 194:110-2. [PMID: 23433990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of trichinellosis in a resident of the Netherlands prompted us to examine the likelihood of this originating from infected rats in spite of prevailing biosecurity and testing procedures. In so doing, we sought to calculate the possible risks for trichinellosis in countries deemed non-endemic. The infection risk was determined by simulating a scenario from a reservoir of minimally contaminated wildlife to pigs to humans. Results indicate that humans might become infected even in the event that artificial digestion had been performed on individually tested pig carcasses. Our conclusions justify reconsidering Trichinella control strategies based on the current testing protocol, and emphasize the importance of proper cooking as further insurance against human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Aranzamendi C, Fransen F, Langelaar M, Franssen F, van der Ley P, van Putten JPM, Rutten V, Pinelli E. Trichinella spiralis-secreted products modulate DC functionality and expand regulatory T cells in vitro. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:210-23. [PMID: 22224925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Helminths and their products can suppress the host immune response which may benefit parasite survival. Trichinella spiralis can establish chronic infections in a wide range of mammalian hosts including humans and mice. Here, we aim at studying the effect of T. spiralis muscle larvae excretory/secretory products (TspES) on the functionality of DC and T cell activation. We found that TspES suppress in vitro DC maturation induced by both S- and R-form lipopolysaccharide(LPS) from enterobacteria. Using different toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, we show that the suppressive effect of TspES on DC maturation is restricted to TLR4. These helminth products also interfere with the expression of several genes related to the TLR-mediated signal transduction pathways. To investigate the effect of TspES on T cell activation, we used splenocytes derived from OVA-TCR transgenic D011.10 that were incubated with OVA and TspES-pulsed DC. Results indicate that the presence of TspES resulted in the expansion of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3+ T cells. These regulatory T (Treg) cells were shown to have suppressive activity and to produce TGF-β. Together these results suggest that T. spiralis secretion products can suppress DC maturation and induce the expansion of functional Treg cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aranzamendi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Takumi K, Franssen F, Fonville M, Grasset A, Vallée I, Boireau P, Teunis P, van der Giessen J. Within-host dynamics of Trichinella spiralis predict persistent parasite transmission in rat populations. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Franssen F, van der Giessen J. [Import of edible frogs with exotic parasites]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 2009; 134:1026-1029. [PMID: 20120337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- Laboratorium voor Zoönosen en Omgevingsmicrobiologie, Nationaal Referentielaboratorium voor Parasieten, Centrum voor Infectieziektenbestrijding-RIVM, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3520 BA Bilthoven
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Bongers JH, Franssen F, Elbers AR, Tielen MJ. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from the faecal flora of veterinarians with different professional specialties. Vet Q 1995; 17:146-9. [PMID: 8751277 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1995.9694555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples from 110 veterinarians with different specialties (predominantly working with cattle, swine, poultry, or small animals or working as a non-practitioner, e.g. in government or industry) was investigated. In 22% and 13% of the veterinarians E. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to oxytetracycline and ampicillin respectively. A significantly higher percentage of cattle practitioners had a high level of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin than did swine practitioners. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of poultry practitioners had a high level of antibiotic resistance against oxytetracycline than did swine practitioners and non-practitioners. A significantly higher percentage of practitioners recently (within last 6 months) used antibiotics for personal intake than did the group of non-practitioners. There was no evidence for a relationship between personal intake of antibiotics and the occurrence of a high level of resistance to ampicillin or oxytetracycline. The prevalence of E. coli isolates, that were resistant to several antibiotics was highest in cattle and poultry practitioners and the lowest in swine practitioners. A possible explanation for the observed differences in high level resistance to oxytetracycline and ampicillin between veterinary specialty groups is a difference in exposure to antibiotics during practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Bongers
- Animal Health Service in the Southern Netherlands, Boxtel, The Netherlands
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