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Dos Santos Fonseca J, Altoé LSC, de Carvalho LM, de Freitas Soares FE, Braga FR, de Araújo JV. Nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia to control parasitic diseases in animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12525-0. [PMID: 37148335 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The control of gastrointestinal parasites in animals has become more challenging every year due to parasite resistance to conventional chemical control, which has been observed worldwide. Ovicidal or opportunistic fungi do not form traps to capture larvae. Their mechanism of action is based on a mechanical/enzymatic process, which enables the penetration of their hyphae into helminth eggs, with subsequent internal colonization of these. The biological control with the Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus has been very promising in the treatment of environments and prevention. When used in intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the fungus promoted a high percentage decrease in the population density of aquatic snails. Secondary metabolites were also found in P. chlamydosporia. Many of these compounds can be used by the chemical industry in the direction of a commercial product. This review aims to provide a description of P. chlamydosporia and its possible use as a biological parasitic controller. The ovicidal fungus P. chlamydosporia is effective in the control of parasites and goes far beyond the control of verminosis, intermediate hosts, and coccidia. It can also be used not only as biological controllers in natura but also as their metabolites and molecules can have chemical action against these organisms. KEY POINTS: • The use of the fungus P. chlamydosporia is promising in the control of helminths. • Metabolites and molecules of P. chlamydosporia may have chemical action in control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Dos Santos Fonseca
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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Li S, Wang D, Gong J, Zhang Y. Individual and Combined Application of Nematophagous Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Domestic Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020172. [PMID: 35215117 PMCID: PMC8879429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a group of parasites that threaten livestock yields, and the consequent economic losses have led to major concern in the agricultural industry worldwide. The high frequency of anthelmintic resistance amongst GINs has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. Recently, a substantial number of both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that biological controls based on predatory fungi and ovicidal fungi are the most promising alternatives to chemical controls. In this respect, the morphological characteristics of the most representative species of these two large groups of fungi, their nematicidal activity and mechanisms of action against GINs, have been increasingly studied. Given the limitation of the independent use of a single nematophagous fungus (NF), combined applications which combine multiple fungi, or fungi and chemical controls, have become increasingly popular, although these new strategies still have antagonistic effects on the candidates. In this review, we summarize both the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fungi and the combined applications identified to date to minimize recurring infections or to disrupt the life cycle of GINs. The need to discover novel and high-efficiency nematicidal isolates and the application of our understanding to the appropriate selection of associated applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jianchuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Valadão MC, Millena de Carvalho L, Vieira ÍS, Neves PH, Ferreira VM, Campos AK, Elias de Freitas Soares F, Ferraz CM, Ribeiro Vilela VL, Braga FR, Araújo JV. Germination capacity of the Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus after its passage through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107936. [PMID: 32535116 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the germination capacity of Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) fungus after its passage through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens and its interaction with Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum eggs. Twenty-two domestic chickens were divided in two groups: control group (G1) received shredded corn substrate without VC4; and treatment group (G2) received a single dose of 29 g corn substrate containing 3.3 × 106 conidia/chlamydospores (VC4). Subsequently, chicken fecal samples were collected at intervals of 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 h. Petri dishes from fecal samples of the treated group (G2) were subdivided (G2a and G2b), and then replicated in 2% agar-water medium for the microbiological test. After VC4 growth, approximately 200 eggs of A. galli (G2a) and H. gallinarum (G2b) were added to each subgroup to evaluation of ovicidal activity. There was fungal viability after passage through chicken gastrointestinal tract and egg predation of 59.9% and 43.2% for A. galli and H. gallinarum, respectively. The present work demonstrates the ability of the fungus P. chlamydosporia to survive after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens, an extreme environment (low pH, enzymes, microbiota and mechanical action), and still germinate after being excreted with feces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ítalo Stoupa Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Neves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Kanadani Campos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Maestrini M, Nardoni S, Mancianti F, Mancini S, Perrucci S. In Vitro Inhibiting Effects of Three Fungal Species on Eggs of Donkey Gastrointestinal Strongyles. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020053. [PMID: 32344915 PMCID: PMC7357117 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, donkeys have gained popularity mainly due to the use of donkey milk by the cosmetic industry and for human consumption. Gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS) are considered a potential cause of disease and reduced production in infected donkeys. European laws limit the use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of GIS in dairy donkey farms, thus the need to develop alternative control methods. This study aimed to test the in vitro inhibiting effects of three chitin degrading fungi (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Beauveria bassiana) on the hatch and viability of donkey GIS eggs by using the egg hatch test, and to compare their activity to that of Pochonia chlamydosporia. About 150 eggs were added to 0.5 mL of sterile saline solution containing about 1.4 × 108 spores of each fungal species or with 0.5 mL of sterile saline solution only (untreated controls). After incubation, the percentage of egg hatch reduction was calculated, and data were statistically analyzed. All fungi were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the hatch of GIS eggs compared to the untreated controls. Further studies that aim to investigate the efficiency of these fungi in reducing donkey GIS eggs in contaminated environments are encouraged.
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Castro LS, Martins IVF, Tunholi VM, de Araújo JV, Tunholi-Alves VM, Bittencourt VREP. Ovicidal potential of Pochonia chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10 (Ascomycota: Sordariomycetes) on egg masses of the snail Pseudosuccinea columella (Mollusca: Gastropoda). J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107212. [PMID: 31254496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Snails of the species Pseudosuccinea columella are considered intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, a digenetic trematode that infects bile ducts of ruminants and humans, causing economic damage and serious problems for public health. These gastropods inhabit ponds, have high reproductive capacity, and lay their egg masses in submerged substrates on pond edges where they are exposed to desiccation and microbes, including fungi, that may exert pathogenic effects on the snail and its embryos. This information is relevant for control of the intermediate host and therefore of fasciolosis. With the objective of evaluating ovicidal potential of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10 isolate), a nematophagous fungus used as antagonistic agent for a wide variety of helminths of medical and veterinary importance, on egg masses of P. columella, we compared a treated group, where the egg masses were exposed to Pc-10 for a period of 25 days, and a control group, in which there was no exposure to the fungus. The results indicated that the embryogenesis process was significantly inhibited (93.15%) by Pc-10, suggesting its applicability in biological control programs of lymnaeid snails. In addition, ultrastructure showed the occurrence of different types of interactions between the egg masses with the mycelia of Pc-10: type 1, biochemical effects by the adherence of hyphae; type 2, morphological alterations, but without hyphal penetration; and type 3, lytic effect, morphological damage caused by penetration of hyphae by the fungus, resulting in some important structural modifications, thus compromising the viability of the eggs. The results demonstrate the susceptibility of P. columella egg masses to an isolate of P. chlamydosporia under laboratory conditions, providing valuable information for the biological control of this intermediate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S Castro
- Post-Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Isabella V F Martins
- Post-Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine (IV), Department of Animal Parasitology (DPA), Federal University of Rural of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jackson V de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine (IV), Department of Animal Parasitology (DPA), Federal University of Rural of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vânia R E P Bittencourt
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine (IV), Department of Animal Parasitology (DPA), Federal University of Rural of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Isolation of Ovicidal Fungi from Fecal Samples of Captive Animals Maintained in a Zoological Park. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3020029. [PMID: 29371547 PMCID: PMC5715915 DOI: 10.3390/jof3020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are certain saprophytic fungi in the soil able to develop an antagonistic effect against eggs of parasites. Some of these fungal species are ingested by animals during grazing, and survive in their feces after passing through the digestive tract. To identify and isolate ovicidal fungi in the feces of wild captive animals, a total of 60 fecal samples were taken from different wild animals kept captive in the Marcelle Natureza Zoological Park (Lugo, Spain). After the serial culture of the feces onto Petri dishes with different media, their parasicitide activity was assayed against eggs of trematodes (Calicophoron daubneyi) and ascarids (Parascaris equorum). Seven fungal genera were identified in the feces. Isolates from Fusarium, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Trichoderma, and Verticillium showed an ovicidal effect classified as type 3, because of their ability to adhere to the eggshell, penetrate, and damage permanently the inner embryo. Penicillium and Gliocladium developed a type 1 effect (hyphae attach to the eggshell but morphological damage was not provoked). These results provide very interesting and useful information about fungi susceptible for being used in biological control procedures against parasites.
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Fungi predatory activity on embryonated Toxocara canis eggs inoculated in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and destruction of second stage larvae. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3301-8. [PMID: 26032943 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the infectivity of Toxocara canis eggs after interacting with isolated nematophagous fungi of the species Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4), and test the predatory activity of the isolated AC001 on T. canis second stage larvae after 7 days of interaction. In assay A, 5000 embryonated T. canis eggs previously in contact with the AC001 and VC4 isolated for 10 days were inoculated into domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and then these animals were necropsied to collect material (digested liver, intestine, muscles and lungs) at 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals after inoculation. In assay A, the results demonstrated that the prior interaction of the eggs with isolated AC001 and VC4 decreases the amount of larvae found in the collected organs. Difference (p < 0.01) was observed in the medium larvae counts recovered from liver, lung, intestine, and muscle of animals in the treated groups when compared to the animals in the control group. At the end of assay A, a percentage reduction of 87.1 % (AC001) and 84.5 % (VC4) respectively was recorded. In the result of assay B, the isolated AC001 showed differences (p < 0.01) compared to the control group, with a reduction of 53.4 % in the recovery of L2. Through these results, it is justified to mention that prior interaction of embryonated T. canis eggs with the tested fungal isolates were efficient in reducing the development and migration of this parasite, in addition to the first report of proven predatory activity on L2.
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Lelis RT, Braga FR, de Carvalho LM, de Paula AT, Araujo JM, Fausto MC, Junior AM, Rodrigues JVF, de Freitas Soares FE, Garcia JS, de Araújo JV. Effect of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Acta Trop 2014; 139:88-92. [PMID: 25046695 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Echinostoma paraensei is a trematode of the genus Echinostoma that causes echinostomiasis in humans. The objectives of this study were to: evaluate the ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on a solid medium 2% water-agar (2% WA) against E. paraensei eggs (assay A); evaluate ovicidal effect (destruction of eggs) of the isolate VC4 in supplemented culture media (assay B); and evaluate the ovicidal ability of the crude extract (VC4) on E. paraensei eggs (assay C). Eggs of E. paraensei (assay A) were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% WA with an isolate of the fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) grown for 10 days, and without fungus as a control and evaluated regarding their destruction. In assay B, eggs of E. paraensei were placed in Petri dishes with different supplemented culture media and with VC4 isolate and the destruction of eggs was examined at the end of 25 days of interaction. In assay C, effects of the crude extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) on eggs were evaluated at the end of 7 days. In assay A, there was no difference (p>0.05) in ovicidal activity among the tested isolates (VC1 and VC4); however, the highest percentage for ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) was demonstrated by the isolate VC4. In assay B, the culture medium starch-agar showed the best results for the destruction of the eggs, with a percentage of 46.6% at the end of the assay. In assay C, the crude extract of VC4 was effective in the destruction of E. paraensei eggs, with a percentage reduction of 53%. The results of this study demonstrate that a rich culture medium with a greater availability of carbon and nitrogen may interfere directly in the predatory characteristics of ovicidal fungi.
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Braga FR, de Freitas Soares FE, Araujo JM, da Fonseca LA, Hiura E, Garschagen Gava M, Toledo Vieira F, da Paz JS, de Carvalho LM, Faccini JV, de Queiroz JH, Araújo JV. Statistical experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus helminths. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:527-32. [PMID: 25267285 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work used Plackett-Burman experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus Strongyloides westeri and trichostrongylides larvae and Platynosomum fastosum eggs. The variables studied in the Plackett-Burman design were the proteases and chitinases of AC001 or VC4 as destructive agents of S. westeri and trichostrongylides larvae, and P. fastosum eggs. All tested enzymes had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of S. westeri larvae. Furthermore, only VC4 and AC001 proteases showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of trichostrongylides larvae. On the other hand, chitinases of VC4 showed the highest significance (P < 0.05) on the destruction of P. fastosum eggs. It is proposed that statistical planning for the use of enzymes derived from nematophagous fungi is a viable way to elucidate some questions about their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Milani Araujo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Emy Hiura
- Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Victor Faccini
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
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de Carvalho LM, Braga FR, Domingues RR, Araujo JM, Lelis RT, de Paula AT, da Silveira WF, de Araújo JV. Interaction of the nematophagous fungusPochonia chlamydosporiaandParascaris equorumeggs in different culture media. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54 Suppl 1:S109-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Department of Veterinary; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
- Vila Velha University; Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
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Nicola L, Tosi S, Savini D. In vitroevaluation of nematophagous activity of fungal isolates. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:1-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Nicola
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Earth Science and Environment; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Solveig Tosi
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Earth Science and Environment; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Dario Savini
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Earth Science and Environment; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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Dias AS, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Puppin AC, Perboni WR. Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of Fasciola hepatica in cattle in Southeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2131-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Araujo JM, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Araújo DM, Ferreira SR, Soares FE, Benjamin LDA. Survival of Pochonia chlamydosporia in the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally treated dogs. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:803-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ferreira SR, de Araújo JV, Braga FR, Araujo JM, Frassy LN, Ferreira AS. Biological control of Ascaris suum eggs by Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus. Vet Res Commun 2011; 35:553-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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STRATFORD CH, McGORUM BC, PICKLES KJ, MATTHEWS JB. An update on cyathostomins: Anthelmintic resistance and diagnostic tools. Equine Vet J 2011:133-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Dias AS, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Araujo JM, Puppin AC, Fernandes FM, Ramos RF, Bertonceli RM, da Silva RG, Perboni WR. Biological control of Fasciola hepatica eggs with the Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus after passing through the cattle gastrointestinal tract. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:663-7. [PMID: 21773773 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a disease caused by Fasciola hepatica responsible for causing significant losses in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus (isolate VC1) on F. hepatica eggs after passing through the cattle gastrointestinal tract. For this evaluation, 1 g pellet was given in sodium alginate matrix per kilogram live weight containing 25% of fungal mycelium from isolate VC1 per animal. Twelve animals were used, six treated and six untreated (control). Some stool samples were collected from the groups of treated and control animals, at the times of 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the pellets' administration. Then, from each stool sample of treated and control groups, 2 g was placed in a Petri dish of 9 cm in diameter, containing 2% water-agar and 1,000 eggs of F. hepatica. It was observed that the fungus was effective in preying upon the eggs in the samples recovered at all of the schedules starting at 12 h. Furthermore, differences were observed (p < 0.01) in the destruction of eggs in the Petri dishes in the treated group compared with the control group. The ovicidal effect was observed after 7 days of interaction. The ovicidal P. chlamydosporia fungus was effective in destroying F. hepatica eggs; therefore, it is suggested that this fungus could be employed as agent for the control of helminth eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S Dias
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil.
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Braga FR, Araujo JM, Silva ARE, Araújo JVD, Carvalho RO, Soares FEDF, Queiroz JHD, Gênier HLA. Ação ovicida do extrato bruto enzimático do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:116-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011000100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Ancylostoma sp é um geo-helminto potencialmente zoonótico. MÉTODOS: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a ação do extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp, em meio ágar-água 2% e em cultura de fezes. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um percentual de redução na eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, de 76,8% na placas de Petri do grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: O extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia foi eficiente na redução da eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, podendo ser utilizado como controlador biológico desse nematoide.
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Silva AR, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Alves CD, Filho JD. Destruction of Anoplocephala perfoliata Eggs by the Nematophagous Fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia. J Equine Vet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ovicidal action of a crude enzymatic extract of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia against cyathostomin eggs. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:264-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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