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Malak N, Niaz S, Wadood A, Nasreen N, Ali I, Iqbal J, Swelum AA, Ezzat ahmed A, Alkahtani MA, Zając Z, Khan A. In silico approaches to develop herbal acaricides against R. (Boophilus) Microplus and In vitro Anti-Tick activities of selected medicinal plants. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103302. [PMID: 35602870 PMCID: PMC9118158 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world the most damaging pest of the livestock sector are cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. The current study was aimed to generate phytochemical derived acaricides to control Rhipicephalus microplus populations, to maintain livestock herd production, minimize economic losses and to reduce uses of man-made chemicals acaricides. To achieve this goal, Adult immersion and larval package test were used to determine the feasibility of Berberium lyceum and Tamarixa aphylla against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. Further, an In silico technique was employed to discover biologically active substances from both plants using docking method. Berberium lyceum and Tamarixa aphylla exhibited a reasonably high fatal effect at 40.0 mg/L on egg laying (index of egg laying = 0.19 and 0.19) respectively, thus inhibiting the oviposition (49.5 and 45.1, respectively) and the larval mortality (97% and 93%, respectively). Further, we also used Chem-Draw ultra-software (v. 12.0.2.1076. 2010) to illustrate different structures of38 known bioactive phytochemicals which are discovered in the PubChem database and verify the hypothesis that tick inhibition was linked to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Barbamunine and rutin from Berberium lyceum showed remarkable interaction with RmAChE1 active site residues with docking scores of -9.11 to -8.71 while phytol and dehydrodigallic acid from Tamarix aphylla showed comparable docking scores of -7.17 and -7.14 respectively against Rhipicephalus microplus acetylcholinesterase protein. Based on obtained result, we believe that Berberium lyceum and Tamarixa aphylla bioactive components could be potential candidates in the control and management of Rhipicephalus microplus and should be studied further as a supplement or replacement for synthetic acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Malak
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nasreen Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat 19201, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Alkahtani
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zbigniew Zając
- Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 st., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Integrative Alternative Tactics for Ixodid Control. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030302. [PMID: 35323601 PMCID: PMC8948879 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hard ticks are important for economic and health reasons, and control has mainly relied upon use of synthetic acaricides. Contemporary development of resistance and concerns relating to health and environmental safety have elicited exploration into alternative tactics for hard tick management. Some examples of alternative tactics involve biological control, desiccant dusts, growth regulators, vaccines, cultural methods, and ingested medications. Abstract Ixodids (hard ticks), ectoparasitic arthropods that vector the causal agents of many serious diseases of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, have become increasingly difficult to control because of the development of resistance against commonly applied synthetic chemical-based acaricides. Resistance has prompted searches for alternative, nonconventional control tactics that can be used as part of integrated ixodid management strategies and for mitigating resistance to conventional acaricides. The quest for alternative control tactics has involved research on various techniques, each influenced by many factors, that have achieved different degrees of success. Alternative approaches include cultural practices, ingested and injected medications, biological control, animal- and plant-based substances, growth regulators, and inert desiccant dusts. Research on biological control of ixodids has mainly focused on predators, parasitoid wasps, infective nematodes, and pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Studies on animal-based substances have been relatively limited, but research on botanicals has been extensive, including whole plant, extract, and essential oil effects on ixodid mortality, behavior, and reproduction. The inert dusts kaolin, silica gel, perlite, and diatomaceous earth are lethal to ixodids, and they are impervious to environmental degradation, unlike chemical-based toxins, remaining effective until physically removed.
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Elmhalli F, Garboui SS, Karlson AKB, Mozūraitis R, Baldauf SL, Grandi G. Acaricidal activity against Ixodes ricinus nymphs of essential oils from the Libyan plants Artemisia herba alba, Origanum majorana and Juniperus phoenicea. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 24:100575. [PMID: 34024391 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) is a major vector for the transmission of several important human pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils (Eos) on I. ricinus tick nymphs. Oils were obtained from the leaves of three plants native to Libya: white wormwood (Artemisia herba alba Asso), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) and Arâr (Juniperus phoenicea L., English common name Phoenician juniper). Assays were done using the "open filter paper method". Two concentrations from each oil, 0.5 and 1 μl/cm, were tested. The acaricidal effect was measured in terms of the lethal concentrations (LC50, LC95) and lethal time (LT50, LT95). Mortality rates were obtained by counting the surviving nymphs every 30 min for the first five hours and then at 24, 48 and 72 h. A mortality of 100% was recorded at the higher concentration of oils (1 μl/cm2) from A. herba alba and J. phoenicea at the first 2 h of exposure. Exposure to O. majorana led to 100% mortality on the third day (72 h), and this effect decreased noticeably with 0.5 μl/cm2 oil at the same exposure time. However, 50% of ticks showed a paralysis effect and less movement after 2 h. The LC50 of mortality was reached within the first 24 h of exposure time at 0.5 μl/cm2 of O. majorana, which produced 60% tick's mortality. Chemical composition of the essential oils was elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. These results suggest that essential oils deserve further investigation as components of alternative approaches for I. ricinus tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzeia Elmhalli
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 755 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Samira S Garboui
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Anna Karin Borg Karlson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 4, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Raimondas Mozūraitis
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sandra L Baldauf
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 755 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Giulio Grandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7036, Ulls väg 26, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Ulls väg 2B, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Novel and Selective Rhipicephalus microplus Triosephosphate Isomerase Inhibitors with Acaricidal Activity. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5030074. [PMID: 30142944 PMCID: PMC6163981 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites causing significant economic losses for the cattle industry. The major tool of control is reducing the number of ticks, applying acaricides in cattle. However, overuse has led to selection of resistant populations of R. microplus to most of these products, some even to more than one active principle. Thus, exploration for new molecules with acaricidal activity in R. microplus has become necessary. Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is an essential enzyme in R. microplus metabolism and could be an interesting target for the development of new methods for tick control. In this work, we screened 227 compounds, from our in-house chemo-library, against TIM from R. microplus. Four compounds (50, 98, 14, and 161) selectively inhibited this enzyme with IC50 values between 25 and 50 μM. They were also able to diminish cellular viability of BME26 embryonic cells by more than 50% at 50 μM. A molecular docking study showed that the compounds bind in different regions of the protein; compound 14 interacts with the dimer interface. Furthermore, compound 14 affected the survival of partially engorged females, fed artificially, using the capillary technique. This molecule is simple, easy to produce, and important biological data—including toxicological information—are available for it. Our results imply a promising role for compound 14 as a prototype for development of a new acaricidal involving selective TIM inhibition.
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Exploitation of chemical, herbal and nanoformulated acaricides to control the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus – A review. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rosado-Aguilar JA, Arjona-Cambranes K, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Bolio-González ME, Ortega-Pacheco A, Alzina-López A, Gutiérrez-Ruiz EJ, Gutiérrez-Blanco E, Aguilar-Caballero AJ. Plant products and secondary metabolites with acaricide activity against ticks. Vet Parasitol 2017; 238:66-76. [PMID: 28385541 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present review documents the results of studies evaluating the acaricidal activity of different plant products and secondary metabolites against ticks that are resistant and susceptible to conventional acaricides. Studies published from 1998 to 2016 were included. The acaricidal activity of plant extracts, essential oils and secondary compounds from plants have been evaluated using bioassays with ticks in the larval and adult stages. There is variable effectiveness according to the species of plant and the concentrations used, with observed mortalities ranging from 5 to 100% against the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus), Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, and Argas genera. A number of plants have been reported to cause high mortalities and/or affect the reproductive capacity of ticks in the adult phase. In the majority of these trials, the main species of plants evaluated correspond to the families Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Piperaceae, Verbenaceae, and Poaceae. Different secondary metabolites such as thymol, carvacrol, 1,8-cineol and n-hexanal, have been found to be primarily responsible for the acaricidal activity of different essential oils against different species of ticks, while nicotine, dibenzyldisulfide and dibenzyltrisulfide have been evaluated for plant extracts. Only thymol, carvacrol and 1,8-cineol have been evaluated for acaricidal activity under in vivo conditions. The information in the present review allows the conclusion that the secondary metabolites contained in plant products could be used as an alternative for the control of ticks that are susceptible or resistant to commercial acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rosado-Aguilar
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - K Arjona-Cambranes
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - M E Bolio-González
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - A Ortega-Pacheco
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - A Alzina-López
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E J Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E Gutiérrez-Blanco
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - A J Aguilar-Caballero
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo, Post: 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Benelli G, Pavela R, Canale A, Mehlhorn H. Tick repellents and acaricides of botanical origin: a green roadmap to control tick-borne diseases? Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2545-60. [PMID: 27146901 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods are dangerous vectors of agents of deadly diseases, which may hit as epidemics or pandemics in the increasing world population of humans and animals. Among them, ticks transmit more pathogen species than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide. Thus, the effective and eco-friendly control of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. A number of novel routes have been attempted to prevent and control tick-borne diseases, including the development of (i) vaccines against viruses vectored by ticks; (ii) pheromone-based control tools, with special reference to the "lure and kill" techniques; (iii) biological control programmes relying on ticks' natural enemies and pathogens; and (iv) the integrated pest management practices aimed at reducing tick interactions with livestock. However, the extensive employment of acaricides and tick repellents still remains the two most effective and ready-to-use strategies. Unfortunately, the first one is limited by the rapid development of resistance in ticks, as well as by serious environmental concerns. On the other hand, the exploitation of plants as sources of effective tick repellents is often promising. Here, we reviewed current knowledge concerning the effectiveness of plant extracts as acaricides or repellents against tick vectors of public health importance, with special reference to Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Amblyomma cajennense, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Eighty-three plant species from 35 botanical families were selected. The most frequent botanical families exploited as sources of acaricides and repellents against ticks were Asteraceae (15 % of the selected studies), Fabaceae (9 %), Lamiaceae (10 %), Meliaceae (5 %), Solanaceae (6 %) and Verbenaceae (5 %). Regression equation analyses showed that the literature grew by approximately 20 % per year (period: 2005-2015). Lastly, in the final section, insights for future research are discussed. We focused on some caveats for future data collection and analysis. Current critical points mainly deal with (a) not uniform methods used, which prevent proper comparison of the results; (b) inaccurate tested concentrations, frequently 100 % concentration corresponded to the gross extract, where the exact amounts of extracted substances are unknown; and (c) not homogeneous size of tested tick instars and species. Overall, the knowledge summarized in this review may be helpful for comparative screening among extensive numbers of plant-borne preparations, in order to develop newer and safer tick control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Angelo Canale
- Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Heinz Mehlhorn
- Department of Parasitology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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Nogueira J, Vinturelle R, Mattos C, Tietbohl LAC, Santos MG, Junior ISV, Mourão SC, Rocha L, Folly E. Acaricidal properties of the essential oil from Zanthoxylum caribaeum against Rhipicephalus microplus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 51:971-975. [PMID: 25276925 DOI: 10.1603/me13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lamarck (Rutaceae) is plant species with a variety of medical applications, including insecticidal activity. This study determined the bioacaricidal activity of the essential oil from Z. caribaeum leaves against engorged Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) females using the adult immersion test. For this purpose, three serial concentrations (5.0, 2.5, and 1.25%, vol:vol, in 1% dimetilsulfoxide) of the essential oil were used. Essential oil 5% caused 65% mortality on the first day after treatment, 85% on the second day, and 100% mortality by the fifth day. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the acaricidal activity of the essential oil from Z. caribaeum leaves against cattle ticks.
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Nong X, Tan YJ, Wang JH, Xie Y, Fang CL, Chen L, Liu TF, Yang DY, Gu XB, Peng XR, Wang SX, Yang GY. Evaluation acaricidal efficacy of botanical extract from Eupatorium adenophorum against the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:558-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barbosa CDS, Borges LMF, Nicácio J, Alves RD, Miguita CH, Violante IMP, Hamerski L, Garcez WS, Garcez FR. In vitro activities of plant extracts from the Brazilian Cerrado and Pantanal against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 60:421-430. [PMID: 23344640 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-013-9656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A total of 73 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 44 plant species belonging to 24 families, native to the Mid-Western region of Brazil, were assessed in vitro for their effect on the reproductive cycle of engorged females of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, using the adult immersion test. All extracts were evaluated at the concentration of 0.2 % and, among the extracts tested, the one obtained from the fruits of Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae) proved to be highly efficacious, showing 99.1 % of product effectiveness. Extracts from other three species were shown to be moderately active, namely Nymphaea amazonum trunk (Nymphaeaceae) [51.7 %], Strychnos pseudoquina trunk (Loganiaceae) [48 %] [corrected] and Ocotea lancifolia leaves (Lauraceae) [34.5 %], while the remaining extracts were shown to be weakly active or inactive. This is the first report on the bioactivity of these species on egg production by engorged females of R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Aquidauana, Aquidauana, MS 79200-000, Brazil.
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Kiss T, Cadar D, Spînu M. Tick prevention at a crossroad: new and renewed solutions. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:357-66. [PMID: 22424918 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ticks have major economic impact through diseases they transmit, direct losses due to their detrimental effect and the efforts invested in prevention measures directed against them. Chemical acaricides represent the main line of anti-tick defense in both humans and domestic animals, but increasing concerns regarding development of acaricide resistance, especially in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, and environmental safety issues indicate the need for other, less aggressive but equally efficient methods. This paper aims to evaluate the potential, the scientific and economical limitations and future research directions regarding different alternative methods of tick control and their use in integrated pest management, with a separate reference to the pet industry. New research data in each field is presented and the economical aspects for each approach are individually emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Kiss
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mănăştur st. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Madhumitha G, Rajakumar G, Roopan SM, Rahuman AA, Priya KM, Saral AM, Khan FRN, Khanna VG, Velayutham K, Jayaseelan C, Kamaraj C, Elango G. Acaricidal, insecticidal, and larvicidal efficacy of fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa and its compounds against blood-feeding parasites. Parasitol Res 2011; 111:2189-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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